pittingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɪtɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpɪdɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pit v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < pit v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.

a. The formation of pits or small depressions on a surface, as on the skin by smallpox, on metal by corrosion, etc.; (also) a pit, a small; a series or expanse of small hollows or depressions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > scar > of plague or smallpox

pitOE

pock frecken1530

God's marks1531

pock hole1552

pitting1593

pock-arr1611

pockmarka1646

pock-fret1652

plague-stripe1714

1593 S. Kellwaye Defensatiue against Plague 44 This will soone drie them vp and keepe the place from pitting and holes, which remaine after the pockes are gone.

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 181 All those pittings did almost vanish.

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana ii. iv. 893/2 To take away the Pittings or Marks of the Small-Pox.

1743 W. Hillary Pract. Ess. Small-pox 16 They used Gargles, and took great Care to preserve the Eyes and the Face from pitting, by Collyriums and Cosmetics.

1798 C. Bell Syst. Dissections I. 96 There is a deficiency felt at intervals; a pitting into which the finger seems to sink, with hard incompressible edges.

1859 R. Owen in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 149 46 They present..the same curvilinear pittings and fine wrinklings affecting the otherwise smooth and compact outer surface of the bone.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 400/2 It appears to be necessary to treat mild steel more cautiously than iron, in order to prevent local corrosion, or ‘pitting’.

1901 Daily Herald (Delphos, Ohio) 8 Feb. 2/5 Smallpox pitting can be prevented by applying to the face antiseptic remedies.

1938 A. E. Clayton Performance & Design Direct Current Machines (ed. 2) xii. 267 The commutator will show signs of serious pitting at the segments connected to the faulty coil.

1973 H. E. Desch Timber (ed. 5) ii. 35 The pitting occurring in a cross field takes one or other of five more or less distinct forms.

1989 Plumbing (Time-Life Bks.) (new ed.) 132/3 Inspect the seat for scratches and pitting.

b. Medicine. Indentation of oedematous tissue by pressure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > symptom > [noun] > specific result of diagnostic test

pita1398

pitting1670

fremitus1879

Murphy's sign1908

past-pointing1916

1670 C. Merret Accomplisht Physician 46 The swelling and pitting of her Legs, (a symptom common to Women with Child).

1705 Wiseman's Eight Chirurg. Treat. (ed. 4) xxiii. 119 Waterish Tumours that are external differ from the Phlegmatick by their shining and the manner of their pitting.

1743 tr. L. Heister Gen. Syst. Surg. I. xviii. 233 The longer the pitting that is made by the Finger remains visible.

1800 R. Bree Pract. Inquir. Disordered Respiration 92 Sydenham opens his treatise of the Dropsy, by stating the first symptom of that disorder, to be the swelling of the legs, and pitting of the ancle by pressure of the finger.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 512/1 The pitting which is seen on making pressure on the skin.

1895 Philos. Trans. 1894 (Royal Soc.) B. 185 782 The evidence of œdema given by eyesight, measurement, and pitting on pressure, are not sufficiently trustworthy.

1961 R. D. Baker Essent. Pathol. v. 73 Edema of the legs gives the phenomenon of ‘pitting’. Firm sustained pressure with a finger against the edematous leg leaves a depression when the fluid of the subcutaneous tissues has been forced away.

1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) v. 682 Oedema in tissues can be recognised by ‘pitting’.

c. Botany. The formation of pits in a plant cell wall; a pit or pits of this kind. Cf. pit n.¹ 16.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > parts of cell > cell wall and parts > expansion of or pitting in

symplastic growth1916

pitting1933

1884 Philos. Trans. 1883 (Royal Soc.) 174 827 The more the cell wall increases in thickness the more pronounced does the pitting become.

1933 Forestry 7 22 No complex forms of plate were observed with scalariform intervascular pitting.

1952 W. O. James Elem. Plant Biol. (rev. ed.) xv. 205 Vessels have the same types of thickening and pitting as tracheids.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 204 The euphorbs have pseudoscalariform pitting.

2. The digging of a pit or pits; the result of such activity. Also: the natural formation of a pit or pits through subsidence of the soil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > movement under gravity or water

land-rushc1550

slide1664

landslip1679

pitting1686

rockfall?1797

shoot1820

landslide1822

run1827

mountain slide1830

slip1838

slough1838

mudslide1848

founder1882

creep1889

soil-creep1897

rock creep1902

slump1905

solifluction1906

slumping1907

slopewash1938

sludging1946

mass wasting1951

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > digging or excavating > of pits

pitting1686

1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 957 A Gentleman ought to oblige all his Tenants to cut the turf in his trenches,..for this..prevents that Pitting of Bogs, that renders them deformed & pernicious to Cattle.

1764 Museum Rusticum 2 cvi. 357 This method of spreading the ashes is to be observed only in the case of pitting.

1764 J. Smeaton Reports (1797) I. 49 Under-ground passage..for about 4 s. per yard, pitting included.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 340 In very dry seasons, when the moisture of the earth is very low, the fire catches the soil below and causes what is called pitting.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 965 No assurance of coal can be had without boring or pitting.

1890 Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 48 The ancient pitting corresponded quite closely with that of the boulder quarries and the condition of the pits indicated equal age.

1914 Amer. Anthropologist 16 428 The sites of the copper mines are marked by extensive pittings made in exposing the copper-bearing rocks and breaking them up.

1998 Britannia 29 401 Roman quarry pitting and parallel ditches..were found.

3. The action of setting animals in a pit to fight each other for sport; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > fighting between animals > [noun]

battle1605

pitting1773

1773 in Archæologia (1775) 3 133 The pitting of them [sc. cocks]..for the diversion and entertainment of man..was, as I take it, a Grecian contrivance.

1898 Daily News 7 May 10/3 Rat pitting was a common amusement.

1973 Nation Rev. (Melbourne) 31 Aug. 1449/3 It is rare for a bird to survive more than three pittings.

1996 Richmond (Va.) Times Dispatch (Nexis) 10 Nov. d6 There are laws in this country against cock-fighting and dog-pitting.

4. A method of planting trees in which a hole is dug, and the roots settled over a mound of earth in the bottom of the hole before it is refilled. Cf. pit planting n. at pit n.¹ Compounds 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > planting trees or afforestation > pit-planting

pitting1828

pit planting1898

1828 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (ed. 2) 473 Bogs, inaccessible steeps, or unstable surfaces,..might,..by the Pitting method, be made eminently productive in Wood.

1847 J. Brown Forester iii. 85 He [sc. the superintendent] must examine almost each tree as it is put into the ground, whether it may be done by the pitting or notching system.

1894 A. D. Webster Pract. Forestry iv. 20 The advantages of pitting over any other method of planting cannot be questioned.

1930 Forestry 4 19 The ordinarily understood pitting implies the opening of a hole 12 to 15 inches square, stirring up the under soil well, and then carefully placing the plant in the centre.

5. The action of putting vegetables, etc., in a pit for storage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > pitting or clamping

pieing1794

pitting1886

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 May 3/2 The..unanimous Report of the Ensilage Commissioners in favour of the pitting of green crops instead of converting them into hay.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 14 Dec. 2/1 Then can one watch the slow pitting of the potatoes.

1907 J. W. Sanborn in L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. II. 566/2 There can be no doubt that in the early decades of the last century pitting of green crops was not unknown to the farmers of several of the European nations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pitting
释义	pittingn.¹ Brit. /ˈpɪtɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɪdɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pit v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pit v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. 1. a. The formation of pits or small depressions on a surface, as on the skin by smallpox, on metal by corrosion, etc.; (also) a pit, a small; a series or expanse of small hollows or depressions. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > scar > of plague or smallpox pitOE pock frecken1530 God's marks1531 pock hole1552 pitting1593 pock-arr1611 pockmarka1646 pock-fret1652 plague-stripe1714 1593 S. Kellwaye Defensatiue against Plague 44 This will soone drie them vp and keepe the place from pitting and holes, which remaine after the pockes are gone. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 181 All those pittings did almost vanish. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana ii. iv. 893/2 To take away the Pittings or Marks of the Small-Pox. 1743 W. Hillary Pract. Ess. Small-pox 16 They used Gargles, and took great Care to preserve the Eyes and the Face from pitting, by Collyriums and Cosmetics. 1798 C. Bell Syst. Dissections I. 96 There is a deficiency felt at intervals; a pitting into which the finger seems to sink, with hard incompressible edges. 1859 R. Owen in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 149 46 They present..the same curvilinear pittings and fine wrinklings affecting the otherwise smooth and compact outer surface of the bone. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 400/2 It appears to be necessary to treat mild steel more cautiously than iron, in order to prevent local corrosion, or ‘pitting’. 1901 Daily Herald (Delphos, Ohio) 8 Feb. 2/5 Smallpox pitting can be prevented by applying to the face antiseptic remedies. 1938 A. E. Clayton Performance & Design Direct Current Machines (ed. 2) xii. 267 The commutator will show signs of serious pitting at the segments connected to the faulty coil. 1973 H. E. Desch Timber (ed. 5) ii. 35 The pitting occurring in a cross field takes one or other of five more or less distinct forms. 1989 Plumbing (Time-Life Bks.) (new ed.) 132/3 Inspect the seat for scratches and pitting. b. Medicine. Indentation of oedematous tissue by pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > symptom > [noun] > specific result of diagnostic test pita1398 pitting1670 fremitus1879 Murphy's sign1908 past-pointing1916 1670 C. Merret Accomplisht Physician 46 The swelling and pitting of her Legs, (a symptom common to Women with Child). 1705 Wiseman's Eight Chirurg. Treat. (ed. 4) xxiii. 119 Waterish Tumours that are external differ from the Phlegmatick by their shining and the manner of their pitting. 1743 tr. L. Heister Gen. Syst. Surg. I. xviii. 233 The longer the pitting that is made by the Finger remains visible. 1800 R. Bree Pract. Inquir. Disordered Respiration 92 Sydenham opens his treatise of the Dropsy, by stating the first symptom of that disorder, to be the swelling of the legs, and pitting of the ancle by pressure of the finger. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 512/1 The pitting which is seen on making pressure on the skin. 1895 Philos. Trans. 1894 (Royal Soc.) B. 185 782 The evidence of œdema given by eyesight, measurement, and pitting on pressure, are not sufficiently trustworthy. 1961 R. D. Baker Essent. Pathol. v. 73 Edema of the legs gives the phenomenon of ‘pitting’. Firm sustained pressure with a finger against the edematous leg leaves a depression when the fluid of the subcutaneous tissues has been forced away. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) v. 682 Oedema in tissues can be recognised by ‘pitting’. c. Botany. The formation of pits in a plant cell wall; a pit or pits of this kind. Cf. pit n.¹ 16. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > parts of cell > cell wall and parts > expansion of or pitting in symplastic growth1916 pitting1933 1884 Philos. Trans. 1883 (Royal Soc.) 174 827 The more the cell wall increases in thickness the more pronounced does the pitting become. 1933 Forestry 7 22 No complex forms of plate were observed with scalariform intervascular pitting. 1952 W. O. James Elem. Plant Biol. (rev. ed.) xv. 205 Vessels have the same types of thickening and pitting as tracheids. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 204 The euphorbs have pseudoscalariform pitting. 2. The digging of a pit or pits; the result of such activity. Also: the natural formation of a pit or pits through subsidence of the soil. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > movement under gravity or water land-rushc1550 slide1664 landslip1679 pitting1686 rockfall?1797 shoot1820 landslide1822 run1827 mountain slide1830 slip1838 slough1838 mudslide1848 founder1882 creep1889 soil-creep1897 rock creep1902 slump1905 solifluction1906 slumping1907 slopewash1938 sludging1946 mass wasting1951 society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > digging or excavating > of pits pitting1686 1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 957 A Gentleman ought to oblige all his Tenants to cut the turf in his trenches,..for this..prevents that Pitting of Bogs, that renders them deformed & pernicious to Cattle. 1764 Museum Rusticum 2 cvi. 357 This method of spreading the ashes is to be observed only in the case of pitting. 1764 J. Smeaton Reports (1797) I. 49 Under-ground passage..for about 4 s. per yard, pitting included. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 340 In very dry seasons, when the moisture of the earth is very low, the fire catches the soil below and causes what is called pitting. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 965 No assurance of coal can be had without boring or pitting. 1890 Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 48 The ancient pitting corresponded quite closely with that of the boulder quarries and the condition of the pits indicated equal age. 1914 Amer. Anthropologist 16 428 The sites of the copper mines are marked by extensive pittings made in exposing the copper-bearing rocks and breaking them up. 1998 Britannia 29 401 Roman quarry pitting and parallel ditches..were found. 3. The action of setting animals in a pit to fight each other for sport; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > fighting between animals > [noun] battle1605 pitting1773 1773 in Archæologia (1775) 3 133 The pitting of them [sc. cocks]..for the diversion and entertainment of man..was, as I take it, a Grecian contrivance. 1898 Daily News 7 May 10/3 Rat pitting was a common amusement. 1973 Nation Rev. (Melbourne) 31 Aug. 1449/3 It is rare for a bird to survive more than three pittings. 1996 Richmond (Va.) Times Dispatch (Nexis) 10 Nov. d6 There are laws in this country against cock-fighting and dog-pitting. 4. A method of planting trees in which a hole is dug, and the roots settled over a mound of earth in the bottom of the hole before it is refilled. Cf. pit planting n. at pit n.¹ Compounds 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > planting trees or afforestation > pit-planting pitting1828 pit planting1898 1828 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (ed. 2) 473 Bogs, inaccessible steeps, or unstable surfaces,..might,..by the Pitting method, be made eminently productive in Wood. 1847 J. Brown Forester iii. 85 He [sc. the superintendent] must examine almost each tree as it is put into the ground, whether it may be done by the pitting or notching system. 1894 A. D. Webster Pract. Forestry iv. 20 The advantages of pitting over any other method of planting cannot be questioned. 1930 Forestry 4 19 The ordinarily understood pitting implies the opening of a hole 12 to 15 inches square, stirring up the under soil well, and then carefully placing the plant in the centre. 5. The action of putting vegetables, etc., in a pit for storage. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > pitting or clamping pieing1794 pitting1886 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 May 3/2 The..unanimous Report of the Ensilage Commissioners in favour of the pitting of green crops instead of converting them into hay. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 14 Dec. 2/1 Then can one watch the slow pitting of the potatoes. 1907 J. W. Sanborn in L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. II. 566/2 There can be no doubt that in the early decades of the last century pitting of green crops was not unknown to the farmers of several of the European nations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). pittingn.² Brit. /ˈpɪtɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɪdɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pit v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pit v.² + -ing suffix¹. Originally and chiefly North American. The removal of the pit or stone from a fruit. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > [noun] > stoning fruit stoning1747 pitting1887 1887 Los Angeles Times 7 Oct. 4/5 The cost of drying figs was less than in the case of apricots, on account of the pitting. 1901 Gettysburg (Pa.) Compiler 30 July 4/1 Plums are improved by peeling and pitting, but if this is not to be done each should be pricked to the center several times with a fork. 1924 J. H. Collins Story of Canned Foods viii. 114 Stemming, peeling, slicing, coring, pitting..are done by machinery. 1957 Encycl. Brit. IV. 749/2 Preparatory operations [for canning] include..pitting (cherries), soaking (dry beans, cherries). 2002 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 31 July (Food section) 1 Using dried fruit offers a shortcut, without the washing, peeling and pitting usually required in a standard baked fruit pie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pittingadj. Brit. /ˈpɪtɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɪdɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pit v.¹, -ing suffix². Etymology: < pit v.¹ + -ing suffix². Medicine. Forming indentations under pressure; retaining the impression of a finger. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > other diseases or conditions redeOE impetiginous1650 discrete1684 skin-bound1784 rupial1834 erythematous1842 rupitic1863 sprayed1869 copaibal1874 papulosquamous1877 keloidal1888 papuloerythematous1899 pyodermic1899 toxidermic1899 maculopapular1902 cheloidal1908 pitting1926 poikilodermatous1936 erythemal1940 porokeratotic1943 Sézary1953 rhabditic1964 erythematic- 1926 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 1 737 The extremities showed some pitting edema most marked about the feet and ankles. 1933 Endocrinology 17 378 There was slight pitting edema of the ankles and feet. 1961 L. Martin Clin. Endocrinol. (ed. 3) ix. 245 Frank (1931) first noticed that many women suffered in the days preceding menstruation from great mental tension, often with severe headaches and pitting œdema. 1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. v. 535/2 Oedema develops, soft and pitting at first, but becoming gradually hard after a year or two. 1994 R. Davies Cunning Man 221 I was dehydrated, I had some pitting oedema, the localized dropsy to be expected, and a few pressure sores. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1593n.²1887adj.1926
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pittingn.1

pittingn.2

pittingadj.

pittingn.¹

pittingn.²