pindv.

Brit.

/pɪnd/, U.S.

/pɪnd/, Scottish English

/pɪnd/

Forms: Old English pyndan, early Middle English punt (south-west midlands, 3rd singular present indicative), Middle English poyne (Oxfordshire), Middle English puinde (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English punde (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English pynde, Middle English–1500s pynd, 1600s (1800s– English regional) pind; Scottish pre-1700 pinde, pre-1700 pynd, pre-1700 1800s– pind, 1800s p'ind. Past tense Middle English pynd, Middle English pynded; Scottish pre-1700 pyndit, pre-1700 pyndyt. Past participle Old English gepynd, Middle English ipund (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English ipunt (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English poynyd (Oxfordshire), Middle English pynd, Middle English pynde, Middle English pyndid, Middle English pyned, Middle English pynud, Middle English pynyd, Middle English ypoyned (Oxfordshire); Scottish pre-1700 pindet, pre-1700 pindit, pre-1700 pyndit, pre-1700 1900s– pinded. See also poind v., pend v.²

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: < the same Old English base as pound n.², with i-mutation caused by the verb-forming suffix in Old English. Compare Old Frisian penda to block, obstruct, and Old Icelandic pynda to extort, compel by force (although this is probably < Old English). With sense 2 compare poind v. and discussion at that entry. Compare pend v.²Middle English forms in -oy- or ow , found only in the Register of Oseney Abbey, apparently (like all other forms) show representations of the reflex of Old English y . Absence of final -d in the Middle English form poyne is apparently by analogy with forms of the past tense and past participle which show assimilation (compare pin v.²). In Old English the prefixed form gepyndan is also attested in sense 1a; it is possible that the past participle form in quot. eOE at sense 1a may represent this verb. Compare also Old English forpyndan to do away with, annul:OE Crist I 97 Crist onwrah in Dauides dyrre mægan þæt is Euan scyld eal forpynded.

Now Scottish and English regional.

†a. transitive. To imprison, confine; to dam up (water). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)]

pindeOE

steerc950

hold971

forbidc1000

withstewc1175

withholdc1200

stewa1225

crempa1250

bistintc1300

i-stillc1315

withdraw1340

entemperc1380

rebukec1380

forfenda1382

refraina1382

refrainc1390

restraina1393

restayc1400

retainc1415

to hold abackc1440

overholda1450

reclaim?c1450

revokec1450

bedwynge1480

sniba1500

repressa1525

rein1531

inhibit1535

to keep back1535

cohibit1544

reprimec1550

lithe1552

to rein up1574

check1581

embridle1583

to rein in1593

retrench1594

refrenate1599

to hold back1600

snip1601

becheck1605

sneap1611

trasha1616

supersede1645

reprimand1689

snape1691

to clap a guy on1814

to pull up1861

to pull in1893

withstrain1904

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [verb (transitive)] > impound water

pindeOE

pen1576

pound1652

pond1673

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxviii. 277 Ðæt wæter, ðonne hit bið gepynd [L. circumclusa], hit miclað & uppað... Ac gif sio pynding wierð onpennad, oððe sio wering wirð tobrocen, ðonne toflewð hit eall.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 59 Ȝe maȝen iseon. water hwenne me Punt [a1250 Titus puindes] hit & stoppeð.

c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 154 Aftur þat þe þridde day ffrom deþe þou vp a-Ros, To leesen hem out þat weren I-punt ffor synne in helle clos.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 5487 Gogg & magogg þe grete he with þir gomes pyndis.

?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 723 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 80 Why peyne yow me and straytly me pynde, And I yowr loue so derely haue bowght?

b. transitive. spec. To enclose or pen (an animal or bird); to impound (livestock). Now English regional (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)]

beloukOE

pind?c1225

closec1275

beshuta1300

to shut about13..

umbclosec1330

to close about1340

aclosec1350

in close1393

enclose?a1400

tinec1400

concludea1425

includec1425

wallc1430

underclosec1440

inclusea1450

hedgec1500

lista1513

inrail1523

interclude1524

fence1535

parclose1535

riba1547

pale1570

impale1579

embay1582

immure1583

upclosec1590

enchase1591

interclose1592

recinct1598

underfong1599

intermure1606

bound1609

engirt1627

bosom1637

infence1652

cancellate1664

circumclude1677

embosomc1750

comprehend1807

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)]

beloukOE

loukOE

sparc1175

pena1200

bepen?c1225

pind?c1225

prison?c1225

spearc1300

stopc1315

restraina1325

aclosec1350

forbara1375

reclosea1382

ward1390

enclose1393

locka1400

reclusea1400

pinc1400

sparc1430

hamperc1440

umbecastc1440

murea1450

penda1450

mew?c1450

to shut inc1460

encharter1484

to shut up1490

bara1500

hedge1549

hema1552

impound1562

strain1566

chamber1568

to lock up1568

coop1570

incarcerate1575

cage1577

mew1581

kennel1582

coop1583

encagea1586

pound1589

imprisonc1595

encloister1596

button1598

immure1598

seclude1598

uplock1600

stow1602

confine1603

jail1604

hearse1608

bail1609

hasp1620

cub1621

secure1621

incarcera1653

fasten1658

to keep up1673

nun1753

mope1765

quarantine1804

peg1824

penfold1851

encoop1867

oubliette1884

jigger1887

corral1890

maroon1904

to bang up1950

to lock down1971

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > take into judicial power > impound cattle

pind?c1225

poundc1460

impound1554

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 103 Ancre..ach to leaden hard lif as dude þe lafdi iudit efter hire efne. naut ase swin ipunt [c1230 Corpus ipund] isti. for to uattin.

?a1300 St. Eustace (Digby) 214 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 215 Weddes nimen and orf to puinde [v.r. pynde].

c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 11* Homme enperke lowe biz, M[an]. pynduth a gray gose.

1442 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) 120 Ughtred..pynded the catell.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 216 (MED) Nowther of hem seke accion to hurt other or to poyne oþer hys bestys in the forseyd pastur.

a1500 (a1425) Metrical Life St. Robert of Knaresborough (1953) 647 (MED) Iff my catell do the skathe, I gyffe the gode leue in thi lathe To pynde my dere þare all bedeyn To the tyme þat all þi harmes be seyne.

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 783 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 119 Ye pundar..Had pyndit all his pryss horss in a pundfald.

1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 162 Like as the personis foirsaidis..pyndis thair bestiall and guidis by all ordour of law.

1653 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Peebles (1910) 14 The goodes of Milntoun..to be pindit if the samyn be found pasturand upon Caidmure.

1807 J. Ruickbie Wayside Cottager 112 If in my yard again I find them, By Mahomet, I swear I'll pind them.

1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 227/1 Pind, to impound an animal in the pinfold.

2. transitive. Scots Law. To distrain; to seize and sell (an asset). Also intransitive. Cf. poind v. 1a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > seize for debt > seize debtor's goods

pound1398

poindc1430

stress?c1430

pind1437

distressc1450

strain1455

strain1503

distrain1530

fence1570

excuss1726

naam1895

1437 in C. Innes Registrum de Dunfermelyn (1842) 285 Alsua nan sell pind vthir vnlauchfully.

1508 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 259/1 And give neid be to pinde and distrenȝe tharefor.

1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 162 Like as the personis foirsaidis..pyndis thair bestiall and guidis by all ordour of law.

1661 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1954) IV. 179 The summonds bearing that they sall be pinded.

1722 J. Steuart Let.-bk. 22 Dec. (1915) 201 When the competent days in the decreet are out [I] shall pind what of his efects can be found.

1990 Times (Nexis) 20 Mar. (Features section) It may not be much fun to have one's television set seized and removed for sale.., but nor was it in Wat Tyler's days, when it was your pig or your pitchfork that was pinded.

†3. transitive. Scottish. To steal. Cf. poind v. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1887 R. L. Stevenson Underwoods 132 Whan thieves brok' through the gear to p'ind [rhyme grinned].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pind
释义	pindv. Brit. /pɪnd/, U.S. /pɪnd/, Scottish English /pɪnd/ Forms: Old English pyndan, early Middle English punt (south-west midlands, 3rd singular present indicative), Middle English poyne (Oxfordshire), Middle English puinde (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English punde (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English pynde, Middle English–1500s pynd, 1600s (1800s– English regional) pind; Scottish pre-1700 pinde, pre-1700 pynd, pre-1700 1800s– pind, 1800s p'ind. Past tense Middle English pynd, Middle English pynded; Scottish pre-1700 pyndit, pre-1700 pyndyt. Past participle Old English gepynd, Middle English ipund (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English ipunt (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English poynyd (Oxfordshire), Middle English pynd, Middle English pynde, Middle English pyndid, Middle English pyned, Middle English pynud, Middle English pynyd, Middle English ypoyned (Oxfordshire); Scottish pre-1700 pindet, pre-1700 pindit, pre-1700 pyndit, pre-1700 1900s– pinded. See also poind v., pend v.² Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: < the same Old English base as pound n.², with i-mutation caused by the verb-forming suffix in Old English. Compare Old Frisian penda to block, obstruct, and Old Icelandic pynda to extort, compel by force (although this is probably < Old English). With sense 2 compare poind v. and discussion at that entry. Compare pend v.²Middle English forms in -oy- or ow , found only in the Register of Oseney Abbey, apparently (like all other forms) show representations of the reflex of Old English y . Absence of final -d in the Middle English form poyne is apparently by analogy with forms of the past tense and past participle which show assimilation (compare pin v.²). In Old English the prefixed form gepyndan is also attested in sense 1a; it is possible that the past participle form in quot. eOE at sense 1a may represent this verb. Compare also Old English forpyndan to do away with, annul:OE Crist I 97 Crist onwrah in Dauides dyrre mægan þæt is Euan scyld eal forpynded. Now Scottish and English regional. 1. †a. transitive. To imprison, confine; to dam up (water). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)] pindeOE steerc950 hold971 forbidc1000 withstewc1175 withholdc1200 stewa1225 crempa1250 bistintc1300 i-stillc1315 withdraw1340 entemperc1380 rebukec1380 forfenda1382 refraina1382 refrainc1390 restraina1393 restayc1400 retainc1415 to hold abackc1440 overholda1450 reclaim?c1450 revokec1450 bedwynge1480 sniba1500 repressa1525 rein1531 inhibit1535 to keep back1535 cohibit1544 reprimec1550 lithe1552 to rein up1574 check1581 embridle1583 to rein in1593 retrench1594 refrenate1599 to hold back1600 snip1601 becheck1605 sneap1611 trasha1616 supersede1645 reprimand1689 snape1691 to clap a guy on1814 to pull up1861 to pull in1893 withstrain1904 the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [verb (transitive)] > impound water pindeOE pen1576 pound1652 pond1673 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxviii. 277 Ðæt wæter, ðonne hit bið gepynd [L. circumclusa], hit miclað & uppað... Ac gif sio pynding wierð onpennad, oððe sio wering wirð tobrocen, ðonne toflewð hit eall. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 59 Ȝe maȝen iseon. water hwenne me Punt [a1250 Titus puindes] hit & stoppeð. c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 154 Aftur þat þe þridde day ffrom deþe þou vp a-Ros, To leesen hem out þat weren I-punt ffor synne in helle clos. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 5487 Gogg & magogg þe grete he with þir gomes pyndis. ?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 723 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 80 Why peyne yow me and straytly me pynde, And I yowr loue so derely haue bowght? b. transitive. spec. To enclose or pen (an animal or bird); to impound (livestock). Now English regional (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] beloukOE pind?c1225 closec1275 beshuta1300 to shut about13.. umbclosec1330 to close about1340 aclosec1350 in close1393 enclose?a1400 tinec1400 concludea1425 includec1425 wallc1430 underclosec1440 inclusea1450 hedgec1500 lista1513 inrail1523 interclude1524 fence1535 parclose1535 riba1547 pale1570 impale1579 embay1582 immure1583 upclosec1590 enchase1591 interclose1592 recinct1598 underfong1599 intermure1606 bound1609 engirt1627 bosom1637 infence1652 cancellate1664 circumclude1677 embosomc1750 comprehend1807 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] beloukOE loukOE sparc1175 pena1200 bepen?c1225 pind?c1225 prison?c1225 spearc1300 stopc1315 restraina1325 aclosec1350 forbara1375 reclosea1382 ward1390 enclose1393 locka1400 reclusea1400 pinc1400 sparc1430 hamperc1440 umbecastc1440 murea1450 penda1450 mew?c1450 to shut inc1460 encharter1484 to shut up1490 bara1500 hedge1549 hema1552 impound1562 strain1566 chamber1568 to lock up1568 coop1570 incarcerate1575 cage1577 mew1581 kennel1582 coop1583 encagea1586 pound1589 imprisonc1595 encloister1596 button1598 immure1598 seclude1598 uplock1600 stow1602 confine1603 jail1604 hearse1608 bail1609 hasp1620 cub1621 secure1621 incarcera1653 fasten1658 to keep up1673 nun1753 mope1765 quarantine1804 peg1824 penfold1851 encoop1867 oubliette1884 jigger1887 corral1890 maroon1904 to bang up1950 to lock down1971 society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > take into judicial power > impound cattle pind?c1225 poundc1460 impound1554 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 103 Ancre..ach to leaden hard lif as dude þe lafdi iudit efter hire efne. naut ase swin ipunt [c1230 Corpus ipund] isti. for to uattin. ?a1300 St. Eustace (Digby) 214 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 215 Weddes nimen and orf to puinde [v.r. pynde]. c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 11* Homme enperke lowe biz, M[an]. pynduth a gray gose. 1442 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) 120 Ughtred..pynded the catell. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 216 (MED) Nowther of hem seke accion to hurt other or to poyne oþer hys bestys in the forseyd pastur. a1500 (a1425) Metrical Life St. Robert of Knaresborough (1953) 647 (MED) Iff my catell do the skathe, I gyffe the gode leue in thi lathe To pynde my dere þare all bedeyn To the tyme þat all þi harmes be seyne. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 783 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 119 Ye pundar..Had pyndit all his pryss horss in a pundfald. 1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 162 Like as the personis foirsaidis..pyndis thair bestiall and guidis by all ordour of law. 1653 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Peebles (1910) 14 The goodes of Milntoun..to be pindit if the samyn be found pasturand upon Caidmure. 1807 J. Ruickbie Wayside Cottager 112 If in my yard again I find them, By Mahomet, I swear I'll pind them. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 227/1 Pind, to impound an animal in the pinfold. 2. transitive. Scots Law. To distrain; to seize and sell (an asset). Also intransitive. Cf. poind v. 1a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > seize for debt > seize debtor's goods pound1398 poindc1430 stress?c1430 pind1437 distressc1450 strain1455 strain1503 distrain1530 fence1570 excuss1726 naam1895 1437 in C. Innes Registrum de Dunfermelyn (1842) 285 Alsua nan sell pind vthir vnlauchfully. 1508 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 259/1 And give neid be to pinde and distrenȝe tharefor. 1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 162 Like as the personis foirsaidis..pyndis thair bestiall and guidis by all ordour of law. 1661 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1954) IV. 179 The summonds bearing that they sall be pinded. 1722 J. Steuart Let.-bk. 22 Dec. (1915) 201 When the competent days in the decreet are out [I] shall pind what of his efects can be found. 1990 Times (Nexis) 20 Mar. (Features section) It may not be much fun to have one's television set seized and removed for sale.., but nor was it in Wat Tyler's days, when it was your pig or your pitchfork that was pinded. †3. transitive. Scottish. To steal. Cf. poind v. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1887 R. L. Stevenson Underwoods 132 Whan thieves brok' through the gear to p'ind [rhyme grinned]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.eOE
随便看	reed yard reed-and-tie reed-bird reed-bordered reed-bottomed reed-burning reed-cap reed-capped reed-choked reed-clad reed-compacted reed-crowned reed-cutting reed-drawer reed-drawing reed-encumbered reed-fen reed-flush reed-fringed reed-grass reed-green reed-grown reed-maker reed-making reed-marked