pitchingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/

Forms: see pitch v.² and -ing suffix¹

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pitch v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < pitch v.² + -ing suffix¹. Compare slightly earlier pitch n.²

1. The action of fixing or driving something into the ground, or of forcing something into or through some object or surface; an instance of this.In later use chiefly Cricket (cf. pitch v.² Phrases 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > [noun]

layingc1330

pitchinga1398

settinga1398

couchingc1400

stowingc1440

placingc1449

stelling1560

disposition1563

location1568

planting1585

situation1589

collocation1605

situating1611

disposurea1625

depositure1635

allodgement1639

instalment1646

fixation1652

deposition1659

lodgement1713

repositing1713

emplacement1742

bestowal1773

locating1774

disposal1828

placement1844

allocation1846

enlodgement1884

siting1902

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > [noun] > on the ground or a surface

pitchinga1398

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > [noun] > making fast or securing > in position > in something > in ground or a surface

pitchinga1398

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 53^v A litil prickynge oþir picchinge [L. punctura] in þe brest wiþinne is more soore þan a greet wounde in þe arme.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 137 Thomas..seide..‘But ȝif Y see in his hondis picching [v.r. pitchyng] of þe naillis..Y shal nevere trowen þat oure Jesus is rysen.’

1536 Lett. & Papers Henry VIII (1929) Addenda I. i They make syche banckys off gravell and w^t pychynge of stakys in y^e seyde Tamys or Tammys.

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. xxxiv Drawing twoo arche lines at euery pitchinge of the compas.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis ii. f. 22^v Erymanth..There after pitching of his toyles, as he the stagges did chase.

1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 567 The pitching of the wicket.

1800 J. Bransby Ipswich Mag. 233/1 When the parties meet at a third place, the bowlers shall toss up for the pitching of the first wicket.

1850 ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (rev. ed.) 39 The pitching of the wickets devolves upon the umpires.

1926 Times 12 Aug. 15/3 Instead of leaving the actual pitching of the wicket to the groundsman..let a rectangle say 30 yards by 40 yards, be prepared as the ‘wicket area’.

1990 Times (Nexis) 26 June (Sport section) The dawn chorus greeted the pitching of the stumps at Southwell where Denby won the group semi-final by five wickets.

2. The setting up of a tent or encampment; (occasionally) an instance of this.

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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > camping or encamping > [noun] > pitching of tent

pitchinga1398

brailing1840

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 129^v Cenophegia is a feste a mongis þe Ebrewis, and it was clepid picchinge [L. fixio] of tentis.

?a1450 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 2 (MED) Ye shall enfourme us..of..pitchyng or plankyng in the comon or in the comen way, to the noyance of the Kyngs people.

1539 R. Morison tr. Frontinus Strategemes & Policies Warre iv. i. sig. Lv By lyttell and lyttel they came to this maner of pitchynge of tentes, and lodgynge their armye, that is nowe vsed.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Castrametatione, the pitching of a campe, maine battell, or of tents.

1600 N. Breton Strange Fortunes Two Excellent Princes 54 A counsayle helde by the Duke himselfe..for the pitching of his Campe.

1799 J. Grahame Wallace i. iv. 17 When we had done with pitching of the tents, I strayed some bowshots from the camp.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. ix. 307 These tents in the plain are of our pitching.

1895 Cent. Mag. Aug. 544/2 The pitching of the tents is a lesson in architecture, the building of the camp-fire a victory over damp nature.

1925 G. Bell Let. 28 Jan. (1927) II. xxv. 721 The ordinary Scout exercises and tent pitchings—which they did extremely well.

2004 Backpacker (Nexis) 1 May 85 If you're going to live in a tent for half a year, you want..a freestanding setup for easy pitching night after night.

3. The setting up of a market stall; the placing or laying out of goods in a market for sale; goods sold in this way. Also: a payment or toll for pitching in a market.

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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > market dues > [noun] > for stall, stand, or accommodation

stallagea1387

pickage1405

pitching1500

stallenge1509

booth-mail1552

hallage1607

gantellage1611

pitching pence1670

boothage1695

1500 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough Leicester (1901) II. 358 Eny payment within the presinxtes of the market place for the pycheyng of yere bothys, odre at Mighelmes fayre or at eny oder tyme.

1612 Indenture in G. G. Francis Orig. Charters Neath (1845) The towle custome the pitching the killage and anchoradge.

1718 Law-French Dict. Digested (ed. 2) 592/2 Stallage, is money paid for Pitching of Stalls in Fairs or Markets.

1735 J. Mottley Stow's Surv. London & Westm. II. iv. v. 210/2 The Duties for such Pitching, safe Keeping, and safe Delivery, be duly paid and received, and no other demanded; and that the said Market-Places be certainly appointed and settled.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 290/1 Pitching, a market term for unloading, and for the small charge paid to the carrier for looking after the empty packages and cloths, and returning them correctly.

1889 Times 15 Nov. 12/1 The North-Western Company carried and delivered and undertook the ‘pitching’ of the meat, which meant the hanging of it in the market itself.

1917 Times 24 Mar. 11/3 The only fresh pitching of beef today was 60 tons of Scotch.

1994 Meat Trade Jrnl. 5 May 20/1 While prices are down in Liverpool, trade has only been moderate, with light pitchings of spring lambs.

a. The action of throwing or projecting an object; spec. (a) Baseball the action of delivering the ball to the batter; (b) Golf the action of lofting the ball, usually with a wedge.

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the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > throw so as to fall on a particular place

pitching1567

delivery1816

shot1852

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > pitching

pitching1858

pitch1860

1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) viii. sig. Civ A matche of wrastling, pitching of the barre, and casting of the sledge.

1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Diana iv. 464 A thousand garlands, that I woon with praise..In pitching of the bar with arme most strong.

1652 J. French York-shire Spaw xi. 96 I commend walking, bowling, pitching of the bar, and leaping.

1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 149 Life is a pitching of this penny,—heads or tails.

1858 N.Y. Times 26 Aug. 4/3 The multitude..would be sure to make merry over the awkward pitching and the outrageous pitching and the outrageous misses to catch, and have a grand time.

1890 H. G. Hutchinson in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 325 North Berwick has developed probably the best approacher, with the pitching shot off a mashy, in the golfing world.

1896 H. Chadwick Spalding's Base Ball Guide 2 A new form of pitching tables are included in the records of the pitching of 1895.

1901 Scotsman 26 Mar. 5/3 (Golf section) His pitching was quite equal to that of the Newbattle professional, and his putting was..superior.

1914 St. Nicholas Mag. May 607/1 In such events, a team's chances are figured mainly on the strength of its pitching staff.

1948 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 15 Mar. 17/4 Blackwell learned how to throw it from Hal Schumacher, former New York Giants pitching star.

1992 H. Penick Harvey Penick's Little Red Bk. 154 A common fault in pitching is for the player to pull up off the shot.

b. attributive. Golf. Designating a club used to play a lofted approach shot.

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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [adjective] > types of club

steel-shafteda1400

flat1857

grassed1857

lofted1887

pitching1891

1891 Golf 25 Sept. 29 Sayers used his pitching cleek and played to within seven yards beyond the disc.

1950 S. Shead How to hit Golf Ball 28 The short irons generally are called the pitching irons because that is their chief function.

1977 Golf Mag. Aug. 90 The pitching wedge has a thinner flange than the sand wedge.

2000 Esquire July 100/3 The use of pitching wedges or indeed any golf club other than a putter is also forbidden in minigolf.

†5. Fixing, determining. Obsolete. rare.

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the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [noun] > fixing, establishing

settling1553

pitching1599

1599 in T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. (1893) 351 About the pitching of fines..and grants of copyhold land.

†6. Probably: spearing (of eels or other fish). Cf. pick n.¹ 3c. Obsolete. rare.

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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for eels in specific manner

bobbing1620

sniggling1661

pitching1674

eeling1780

sand-eeling1862

sun spearing1865

stichering1872

blobbing1877

eel-picking1883

eel-spearing1883

1674 Maldon (Essex) Borough Deeds (Bundle 99, No. 1^v) For pitching, catching, and taking of eeles and floatfish.

†7. Mining. The action of claiming land by marking it with pegs. Cf. pitch v.² 10. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1679 in J. W. Gough Mendip Mining Laws & Forest Bounds (1931) 79 Many Times when Pitches are kept So long men do not perfectly remember the time of Pitching.

a. A pavement made from stones set on end; a facing of stone on a bank or slope. Also: the foundation of a macadamized road made from large stones set on edge.

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society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > paving > types of paved work

pavementa1300

pavagec1376

paving1448

paithmentc1480

plainstones1611

pitching1693

pitchwork1758

pebble paving1819

pave1835

slabbing1893

concrete1911

crazy paving1923

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > foundation of road

pitching1835

1693 E. Harley in 14th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1896) App. ii. 514 The court is levelled, and laid very dry..without any pitching.

1714 J. Aycliffe Antient & Present State Univ. Oxf. I. iv. 92 All the Lanes and Streets were repaired in their Pavements and Pitchings.

1751 W. Halfpenny Six New Designs Farm-houses 8 Yards of Pitching in the Courtyard, Stable &c.

1791 Rep. Comm. Thames–Isis Navigation 10 Taking up the Pitching and the Sill under the Bridge, and placing it one Foot lower.

1835 C. Penfold Pract. Treat. Roads 8 in Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) (1840) III Pitching is a foundation formed of large stones.

1885 E. P. Warren & C. F. M. Cleverly Wanderings ‘Beetle’ 102 The ponderous cannon thundered over the uneven pitching of the streets.

1921 G. Jekyll Colour Schemes for Flower Garden 132 I therefore put down four square platforms of stone ‘pitching’.

1943 Notes & Queries 9 Oct. 232 Pitching, village pavement of blocks of stone set up edgewise.

2004 Times of India (Nexis) 10 Apr. A big erosion prone zone has been created at Sankartola and boulder pitching is needed to combat the problem.

b. The action of setting of stones on end to pave a street or road; the action of facing a bank or slope with stones set on edge.

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society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > paving > with specific material

gravelling1577

causeying1596

flagging1656

pitching1702

ruderation1730

macadamization1822

macadamizing1824

asphalting1840

blinding1843

causewaying1876

bouldering1880

metalling1885

blacktopping1947

tarmacing1975

1702 W. Bohun Privilegia Londini 35 [Statutes] concerning places for Common-Sewers, Drains and Vaults, and paving and pitching of Streets, &c.

1717 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 30 554 This Pitching or Paving.

1846 Hull & Lincoln Railw. Bill 11 Stones for building, pitching, and paving.

1852 J. Wiggins Pract. Embanking Lands 124 The expense of the facing of the bank comes next under consideration... In cases where pitching has been thought necessary, and that, 18 inches deep.

1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 June 6/2 The Manchester Ship Canal... At many points where the pitching had not been completed, the soft earth was cut up into deep gullies, and the sandy slope looked blistered and threatening.

1936 H. E. Salter Medieval Oxf. iv. 85 Whether pebbles were used I am not certain, for pitching can be done with stones of any shape.

1987 Lake District Guardian 6/3 The technique we are currently using is ‘pitching’.

a. The rising and falling of a ship or vehicle esp. the forward, downward plunging of the bow or front end.

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society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > rolling and pitching

working1575

rolling1578

travail1687

roll1697

pitching1714

sally1718

labouring1748

pitch1751

tumblification1833

send1836

porpoising1974

1714 I. Hawkings Ess. Discov. Longitude at Sea 73 This Power, viz. the Rolling or Pitching of the Ship, being very strong and violent.

1771 tr. A.-J. Pernety Hist. Voy. Malouine Islands 105 Notwithstanding the continual rolling and pitching of the ship, I was fallen into a pretty sound sleep.

1822 J. Neal Logan I. xvi. 296 The pitching of the vessel began to affect him.

1849 H. Melville Redburn lii. 329 It is often very disagreeable work, owing to the pitching of the ship.

1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. (1882) 210 The longitudinal oscillations of pitching and scending.

1930 Morning Post 21 July 4 Pitching is caused by the front wheels travelling over an obstruction before the rear wheels.

1981 Mining Mag. Dec. 497 The combination of a hydropneumatic suspension, a long wheelbase and a lower centre of gravity..maximizes travelling stability and minimizes pitching [sc. in a dump truck].

1988 A. Desai Baumgartner's Bombay iv. 83 He stood for a long time, unsteady on his legs, so long used to the pitching of the ship.

b. Aeronautics and Astronautics. Angular motion of an aircraft or spacecraft about a lateral axis.

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society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > [noun] > motion round lateral axis

pitching1903

pitch1920

pitch-up1955

1903 O. Wright in M. McFarland Papers Wilbur & Orville Wright (1953) I. 396 It [sc. the aeroplane]..began its pitching again and suddenly darted into the ground.

1912 G. Greenhill Dynamics Mech. Flight iv. 83 Rolling and pitching of a steamer or flying machine.

1935 C. G. Burge Encycl. Aviation 579/1 Rotary motion of the aeroplane about the lateral axis is called pitching.

1968 T. de Galiana Conc. Encycl. Astronaut. 210/2 For a cylindrical spacecraft,..pitching is a movement of the nose up or down (that is, away from or towards the orbit focus).

1991 D. Piggott Gliding Safety (BNC) 71 A pilot may mistake pitching or sinking rapidly in turbulence as an indication that the aircraft has stalled.

10. Brewing. The adding of yeast to wort for the purpose of inducing fermentation.

ΚΠ

1760 W. Reddington Pract. Treat. Brewing xxi. 58 You should, in pitching, lessen the quantity of the wort, and increase that of Yeast.

1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 98 Pitching, or Setting.—This term is applied to the mixing the yeast with the wort, after it has been cooled.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 699/1 It is necessary either to let the wort ‘sour’ naturally, or to add a small quantity of acid..to it before pitching with yeast.

1995 Amer. Brewer Spring 51/2 They understood what they had to do, but not why. Mostly in terms of yeast pitching rates, sanitation, filtration, cleaning, that kind of stuff.

†11. Mechanics. The interlocking or engaging of one cogwheel, rack, etc., with another. Obsolete.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > interlocking of cogs or gears

pitching1825

engrenage1918

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 486 The communication or action of one wheel with another is called the pitching.

1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 323/2 The fly pitching may next be examined.

†12. Tanning. The yellowish deposit or bloom (bloom n.¹ 4c) occurring on tanned leather as a result of the decomposition of certain tannins. Obsolete. rare.

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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > yellowish coating from tanning

bloom1842

pitching1857

1857 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 307/2 A portion of its gelatin..is, by combination with a portion of tannin..deposited upon its surfaces..in the form of a yellow deposit, technically known as bloom, or pitching.

13. Mining. = pitch n.² 1b. Cf. rare.

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the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > slope

rise1672

upgo1672

pitch1719

slough1838

bajada1866

pitching1903

1903 Copper Handbk. III. 88 Pitching. The irregular descent of a vein.

Compounds

C1.

† pitching place n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1740 C. Davies Life & Adventures ii. 88 Some frolicksome Sparks..took it into their Heads to tear up the pitching Place which I had made for Porters to ease themselves, by resting their Burthens upon.

1855 D. E. Campbell Let. 13 Feb. in J. J. Walsh Memorial Futtehgurh Mission (1858) x. 210 The Catechist and I walked on as usual to preach in any village we might find by the way, and reached our pitching place by ten o'clock, very much fatigued and hungry.

1873 Times 4 Apr. 11/4 The charges which the Committee in their previous report proposed to make for stands and pitching places were much above those in existence at Covent-garden Market.

† pitching stand n. Obsolete

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society > trade and finance > trading place > stall or booth > [noun] > pitch

standinga1387

standage1600

pitch1699

stance1814

pitching stand1847

1847 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 10 349 For every waggon or cart-stand, with or without pitching-stand adjoining, if by the day, 1s.

1899 Westm. Gaz. 14 Feb. 5/1 To rent the casual cart stands, yearly cart stands, and yearly pitching stands in the market.

pitching tool n.

ΚΠ

a1795 J. Wyke & T. Green in T. R. Crom Horological Shop Tools 1700–1900 (1980) 159 (caption) Pitching tools &c... Made by Tho.^s Green.

1876 Rep. Commissioners U.S. Internat. Exhib. Vienna 1873 IV. 27 They have a good way of splitting the flags... A line is drawn on the face where a break is required; this is ‘strummed’ in with a ‘pitching-tool’... Then the stone is smartly struck on the back with a round-faced hammer.

a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1720/1 Pitching-tool. 1. (Watchmaking.) A tool used in placing wheels between the plates of a watch. 2. (Mining.) A kind of pick used in commencing a hole.

1994 Independent on Sunday 12 June (Review Suppl.) 69/2 The tools are the same as those used by their medieval predecessors: splayed flat-ended pitching tools, another with a mushroom head to cushion the blows of the mallet.

C2.

pitching axis n. chiefly Aeronautics a lateral axis about which pitching of an aircraft, ship, etc., takes place, usually specified to be perpendicular to its longitudinal axis or its direction of travel; also called pitch axis.

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society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > qualities and parameters of aircraft > [noun] > axes of specific moments

rolling axis1731

longitudinal axis1744

pitching axis1920

roll axis1945

pitch axis1952

yawing axis1953

yaw axis1959

1915 A. Fage Aeroplane vi. 75 The following nomenclature has been adopted at the National Physical Laboratory:—[table] Name of axis..Lateral... Name of Motion which takes place about Axis..Pitching.]

1920 W. J. Walker tr. R. Devillers Dynamics of Aeroplane xii. 234 The moment of inertia in movements about the pitching axis plays the rôle of mass in rectilinear displacements.

1953 New Biol. 14 66 Stability can be related to any of the three axes—the rolling axis..,the yawing axis,..and the pitching axis (horizontally at right angles to the direction of flight).

1997 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 453 1767 The pitching axis position was at the trailing edge x*_pitch=1.0.

† pitching-bar n. Obsolete = pitcher n.² 5.

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the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > implement for making holes in the ground

pitch1589

pitcher1712

peeler1796

post auger1819

pitching-bar1879

soil sampler1902

soil auger1927

1879 R. Jefferies Amateur Poacher ii. 29 The shepherd..threw his pitching-bar over his shoulder.

1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 119 Pitching-bar, the iron bar used in pitching hurdles.

pitching block n. now rare a block on which porters can place their loads when resting.

ΚΠ

1793 J. O'Keeffe World in Village iii. i. 33 (stage direct.) Helping Willows to lift the sack on a pitching-block.

1884 J. Payn Some Lit. Recoll. 211 The pitching block, where the porters rest their burdens.

pitching heat n. Brewing = pitching temperature n.

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the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > pitching temperature

pitching heat1876

pitching temperature1939

1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 275/1 The heat at which the wort is let down into the fermenting tun. This ‘pitching heat’ varies very much.

1885 E. R. Southby Syst. Handbk. Pract. Brewing (ed. 2) xx. 335 I have already explained that this lowering of the pitching heat is by no means essential.

pitching hole n. = pitch-hole n.¹ 1.

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the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun] > hole into which something is pitched

pitching hole1774

pitch-hole1792

1774 W. Halfpenny Twelve Designs Farm-houses (ed. 3) 15 Doors and Frames to the Pitching Holes.

1787 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Norfolk I. 84 It is..very convenient, to have a rick frame at one or both ends of the barn, with a pitching-hole, in at which the corn is housed, without the assistance of team-labour.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 47 Barns..intended for containing large quantities of different crops..should constantly be provided with convenient pitching holes for housing them at.

1988 A. Johnson Converting Old Buildings (BNC) The second most characteristic external feature of many barns is the pitching hole, a window-like opening..provided..in order to pitch corn or hay into the barn.

pitching moment n. chiefly Aeronautics a moment tending to turn an aircraft, ship, etc., about its pitching axis.

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society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > aerodynamic forces and concepts > [noun] > moments acting on aircraft

pitching moment1880

rolling moment1880

yaw1916

1880 J. R. Soley Rep. Foreign Syst. Naval Educ. 187 Technical knowledge of..rolling moments and pitching moments.

1913 Rep. & Mem. Advisory Comm. Aeronaut. No. 74. 10 Measurements of lift, drift, and pitching moment at varying values of the pitching angle from − 10° to + 25°.

1966 D. Stinton Anat. Aeroplane xi. 199 Further pitching moments..are introduced by wing-mounted stores,..engines, flaps and undercarriage units.

1999 Materials World July 404/2 This is all in the interest of reducing the pitching moment of the boat so that, should the helmsman run into the back of a wave on a downwind leg, the mast will not fly forward or pitch pole the whole boat.

pitching mound n. Baseball = pitcher's mound n. at pitcher n.² Compounds.

ΚΠ

1909 Sunday State Jrnl. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 25 Apr. c7/1 Johnson and Hendrix are on the husky order and have the bulk, the muscle and the steam needed for success upon the pitching mound.

2001 A. S. Markovits & S. L. Hellerman Offside iv. 134 Several modifications to the standard rules were made, most notably the lowering of the pitching mound from fifteen to ten inches.

pitching pence n. now historical a duty levied on goods to be sold in a market or fair.

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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > market dues > [noun] > for stall, stand, or accommodation

stallagea1387

pickage1405

pitching1500

stallenge1509

booth-mail1552

hallage1607

gantellage1611

pitching pence1670

boothage1695

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Pitching pence, is that Money, commonly a Peny, which is paid for pitching, or setting down every bag of Corn, or pack of any other Merchandise in Fairs or Markets.

1774 Statutes at Large Reign George III XI. 96 The Right of the said Mayor, Bailiffs, and Commonalty, to such Pitching-pence or Tolls as have been heretofore paid to them..by Butchers, Gardeners, and others.

1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. 27 397 No doubt terrage and stallage mean ‘pitching pence’, but the editor's version is that the citizens were to be ‘exempt from dues on crops’.

1997 A. Crossley in N. Tyacke Hist. Univ. Oxf. IV. ii. 127 Confusion continued over the city's right to levy tolls and pitching pence.

pitching piece n. a piece of timber at the top of a wooden staircase, which supports the shaped pieces of framework.

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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > other supports for stair

pitching piece1819

spandrel1833

apron-piece1842

1819 P. Nicholson Archit. Dict. II. 534/2 Pitching-piece, in staircasing, an horizontal piece of timber, having one of its ends wedged into the wall..to support the upper ends of the rough-strings.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 189 A Pitching-piece is a piece of timber wedged into the wall..for supporting the rough strings at the top of the lower flight.

1983 J. S. Foster Struct. & Fabric (rev. ed.) I. iii. 252/2 The upper ends..must..be birdsmouthed to a pitching piece.

† pitching-stables n. Obsolete rare granite used for paving (see quot. 1858).

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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone as material for paving > a paving stone > sett

pitcher1796

pitching-stables1858

set1871

pitch1896

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 290/1 Pitching-stables, a kind of shaped Cornish granite, 4 or 6 inches long, used for paving.

pitching stone n. a stone used for pitching a road, path, etc. (see sense 8).

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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone as material for paving > a paving stone > for specific use

channel stone1460

pitching stone1822

1822 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 112 193 The upper portions of pitching stones in the street become rounded and polished, whilst their lower parts retain the exact form and angles which they possessed when first laid down.

1877 Manufacturer & Builder Sept. 203/3 The weight consisted of a pile of granite pitching stones, which were gradually loaded on the remnant of the floor until it broke down.

1952 Times 28 Mar. 3/3 This [new system] substitutes mechanical operations for expensive ‘pitching’ by hand and enables local stone to be used instead of special pitching stone.

pitching temperature n. Brewing the temperature at which the wort is pitched with yeast (see pitch v.² 24).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > pitching temperature

pitching heat1876

pitching temperature1939

1939 L. de Vries German-Eng. Sci. Dict. 25 Anstelltemperatur, f. pitching temperature.

1957 Encycl. Brit. IV. 105/2 The pitching temperature is held at 54–59° F. in American practice, slightly higher (58–60° F) in England.

1996 Brew Your Own July 35/2 You need a large wort chiller to cool the boiling wort down to pitching temperature as quickly as possible.

pitching yeast n. Brewing yeast for use in pitching wort (see sense 10).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > yeast

yeastc1000

ale yeasta1450

neaving1681

beer-yeast1857

gravel1882

hop-yeast1884

pitching yeast1885

bee1923

1885 E. R. Southby Syst. Handbk. Pract. Brewing (ed. 2) xx. 320 The yeast cells of a good pitching yeast should be separate from one another.

1956 New Biol. 21 18 Various methods for purifying pitching yeast have been in vogue for some years... The latest approach to this problem is the suggested use of antibiotics such as polymixin.

1998 Food in Canada (Nexis) May 69 Pitching yeast is added on the way to the fermenting cellar, where the beer sits for seven days at 13 C.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pitching
释义	pitchingn.¹ Brit. /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/ Forms: see pitch v.² and -ing suffix¹ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pitch v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pitch v.² + -ing suffix¹. Compare slightly earlier pitch n.² 1. The action of fixing or driving something into the ground, or of forcing something into or through some object or surface; an instance of this.In later use chiefly Cricket (cf. pitch v.² Phrases 3). ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > [noun] layingc1330 pitchinga1398 settinga1398 couchingc1400 stowingc1440 placingc1449 stelling1560 disposition1563 location1568 planting1585 situation1589 collocation1605 situating1611 disposurea1625 depositure1635 allodgement1639 instalment1646 fixation1652 deposition1659 lodgement1713 repositing1713 emplacement1742 bestowal1773 locating1774 disposal1828 placement1844 allocation1846 enlodgement1884 siting1902 the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > [noun] > on the ground or a surface pitchinga1398 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > [noun] > making fast or securing > in position > in something > in ground or a surface pitchinga1398 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 53^v A litil prickynge oþir picchinge [L. punctura] in þe brest wiþinne is more soore þan a greet wounde in þe arme. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 137 Thomas..seide..‘But ȝif Y see in his hondis picching [v.r. pitchyng] of þe naillis..Y shal nevere trowen þat oure Jesus is rysen.’ 1536 Lett. & Papers Henry VIII (1929) Addenda I. i They make syche banckys off gravell and w^t pychynge of stakys in y^e seyde Tamys or Tammys. 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. xxxiv Drawing twoo arche lines at euery pitchinge of the compas. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis ii. f. 22^v Erymanth..There after pitching of his toyles, as he the stagges did chase. 1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 567 The pitching of the wicket. 1800 J. Bransby Ipswich Mag. 233/1 When the parties meet at a third place, the bowlers shall toss up for the pitching of the first wicket. 1850 ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (rev. ed.) 39 The pitching of the wickets devolves upon the umpires. 1926 Times 12 Aug. 15/3 Instead of leaving the actual pitching of the wicket to the groundsman..let a rectangle say 30 yards by 40 yards, be prepared as the ‘wicket area’. 1990 Times (Nexis) 26 June (Sport section) The dawn chorus greeted the pitching of the stumps at Southwell where Denby won the group semi-final by five wickets. 2. The setting up of a tent or encampment; (occasionally) an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > camping or encamping > [noun] > pitching of tent pitchinga1398 brailing1840 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 129^v Cenophegia is a feste a mongis þe Ebrewis, and it was clepid picchinge [L. fixio] of tentis. ?a1450 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 2 (MED) Ye shall enfourme us..of..pitchyng or plankyng in the comon or in the comen way, to the noyance of the Kyngs people. 1539 R. Morison tr. Frontinus Strategemes & Policies Warre iv. i. sig. Lv By lyttell and lyttel they came to this maner of pitchynge of tentes, and lodgynge their armye, that is nowe vsed. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Castrametatione, the pitching of a campe, maine battell, or of tents. 1600 N. Breton Strange Fortunes Two Excellent Princes 54 A counsayle helde by the Duke himselfe..for the pitching of his Campe. 1799 J. Grahame Wallace i. iv. 17 When we had done with pitching of the tents, I strayed some bowshots from the camp. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. ix. 307 These tents in the plain are of our pitching. 1895 Cent. Mag. Aug. 544/2 The pitching of the tents is a lesson in architecture, the building of the camp-fire a victory over damp nature. 1925 G. Bell Let. 28 Jan. (1927) II. xxv. 721 The ordinary Scout exercises and tent pitchings—which they did extremely well. 2004 Backpacker (Nexis) 1 May 85 If you're going to live in a tent for half a year, you want..a freestanding setup for easy pitching night after night. 3. The setting up of a market stall; the placing or laying out of goods in a market for sale; goods sold in this way. Also: a payment or toll for pitching in a market. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > market dues > [noun] > for stall, stand, or accommodation stallagea1387 pickage1405 pitching1500 stallenge1509 booth-mail1552 hallage1607 gantellage1611 pitching pence1670 boothage1695 1500 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough Leicester (1901) II. 358 Eny payment within the presinxtes of the market place for the pycheyng of yere bothys, odre at Mighelmes fayre or at eny oder tyme. 1612 Indenture in G. G. Francis Orig. Charters Neath (1845) The towle custome the pitching the killage and anchoradge. 1718 Law-French Dict. Digested (ed. 2) 592/2 Stallage, is money paid for Pitching of Stalls in Fairs or Markets. 1735 J. Mottley Stow's Surv. London & Westm. II. iv. v. 210/2 The Duties for such Pitching, safe Keeping, and safe Delivery, be duly paid and received, and no other demanded; and that the said Market-Places be certainly appointed and settled. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 290/1 Pitching, a market term for unloading, and for the small charge paid to the carrier for looking after the empty packages and cloths, and returning them correctly. 1889 Times 15 Nov. 12/1 The North-Western Company carried and delivered and undertook the ‘pitching’ of the meat, which meant the hanging of it in the market itself. 1917 Times 24 Mar. 11/3 The only fresh pitching of beef today was 60 tons of Scotch. 1994 Meat Trade Jrnl. 5 May 20/1 While prices are down in Liverpool, trade has only been moderate, with light pitchings of spring lambs. 4. a. The action of throwing or projecting an object; spec. (a) Baseball the action of delivering the ball to the batter; (b) Golf the action of lofting the ball, usually with a wedge. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > throw so as to fall on a particular place pitching1567 delivery1816 shot1852 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > pitching pitching1858 pitch1860 1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) viii. sig. Civ A matche of wrastling, pitching of the barre, and casting of the sledge. 1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Diana iv. 464 A thousand garlands, that I woon with praise..In pitching of the bar with arme most strong. 1652 J. French York-shire Spaw xi. 96 I commend walking, bowling, pitching of the bar, and leaping. 1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 149 Life is a pitching of this penny,—heads or tails. 1858 N.Y. Times 26 Aug. 4/3 The multitude..would be sure to make merry over the awkward pitching and the outrageous pitching and the outrageous misses to catch, and have a grand time. 1890 H. G. Hutchinson in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 325 North Berwick has developed probably the best approacher, with the pitching shot off a mashy, in the golfing world. 1896 H. Chadwick Spalding's Base Ball Guide 2 A new form of pitching tables are included in the records of the pitching of 1895. 1901 Scotsman 26 Mar. 5/3 (Golf section) His pitching was quite equal to that of the Newbattle professional, and his putting was..superior. 1914 St. Nicholas Mag. May 607/1 In such events, a team's chances are figured mainly on the strength of its pitching staff. 1948 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 15 Mar. 17/4 Blackwell learned how to throw it from Hal Schumacher, former New York Giants pitching star. 1992 H. Penick Harvey Penick's Little Red Bk. 154 A common fault in pitching is for the player to pull up off the shot. b. attributive. Golf. Designating a club used to play a lofted approach shot. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [adjective] > types of club steel-shafteda1400 flat1857 grassed1857 lofted1887 pitching1891 1891 Golf 25 Sept. 29 Sayers used his pitching cleek and played to within seven yards beyond the disc. 1950 S. Shead How to hit Golf Ball 28 The short irons generally are called the pitching irons because that is their chief function. 1977 Golf Mag. Aug. 90 The pitching wedge has a thinner flange than the sand wedge. 2000 Esquire July 100/3 The use of pitching wedges or indeed any golf club other than a putter is also forbidden in minigolf. †5. Fixing, determining. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [noun] > fixing, establishing settling1553 pitching1599 1599 in T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. (1893) 351 About the pitching of fines..and grants of copyhold land. †6. Probably: spearing (of eels or other fish). Cf. pick n.¹ 3c. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for eels in specific manner bobbing1620 sniggling1661 pitching1674 eeling1780 sand-eeling1862 sun spearing1865 stichering1872 blobbing1877 eel-picking1883 eel-spearing1883 1674 Maldon (Essex) Borough Deeds (Bundle 99, No. 1^v) For pitching, catching, and taking of eeles and floatfish. †7. Mining. The action of claiming land by marking it with pegs. Cf. pitch v.² 10. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1679 in J. W. Gough Mendip Mining Laws & Forest Bounds (1931) 79 Many Times when Pitches are kept So long men do not perfectly remember the time of Pitching. 8. a. A pavement made from stones set on end; a facing of stone on a bank or slope. Also: the foundation of a macadamized road made from large stones set on edge. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > paving > types of paved work pavementa1300 pavagec1376 paving1448 paithmentc1480 plainstones1611 pitching1693 pitchwork1758 pebble paving1819 pave1835 slabbing1893 concrete1911 crazy paving1923 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > foundation of road pitching1835 1693 E. Harley in 14th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1896) App. ii. 514 The court is levelled, and laid very dry..without any pitching. 1714 J. Aycliffe Antient & Present State Univ. Oxf. I. iv. 92 All the Lanes and Streets were repaired in their Pavements and Pitchings. 1751 W. Halfpenny Six New Designs Farm-houses 8 Yards of Pitching in the Courtyard, Stable &c. 1791 Rep. Comm. Thames–Isis Navigation 10 Taking up the Pitching and the Sill under the Bridge, and placing it one Foot lower. 1835 C. Penfold Pract. Treat. Roads 8 in Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) (1840) III Pitching is a foundation formed of large stones. 1885 E. P. Warren & C. F. M. Cleverly Wanderings ‘Beetle’ 102 The ponderous cannon thundered over the uneven pitching of the streets. 1921 G. Jekyll Colour Schemes for Flower Garden 132 I therefore put down four square platforms of stone ‘pitching’. 1943 Notes & Queries 9 Oct. 232 Pitching, village pavement of blocks of stone set up edgewise. 2004 Times of India (Nexis) 10 Apr. A big erosion prone zone has been created at Sankartola and boulder pitching is needed to combat the problem. b. The action of setting of stones on end to pave a street or road; the action of facing a bank or slope with stones set on edge. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > paving > with specific material gravelling1577 causeying1596 flagging1656 pitching1702 ruderation1730 macadamization1822 macadamizing1824 asphalting1840 blinding1843 causewaying1876 bouldering1880 metalling1885 blacktopping1947 tarmacing1975 1702 W. Bohun Privilegia Londini 35 [Statutes] concerning places for Common-Sewers, Drains and Vaults, and paving and pitching of Streets, &c. 1717 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 30 554 This Pitching or Paving. 1846 Hull & Lincoln Railw. Bill 11 Stones for building, pitching, and paving. 1852 J. Wiggins Pract. Embanking Lands 124 The expense of the facing of the bank comes next under consideration... In cases where pitching has been thought necessary, and that, 18 inches deep. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 June 6/2 The Manchester Ship Canal... At many points where the pitching had not been completed, the soft earth was cut up into deep gullies, and the sandy slope looked blistered and threatening. 1936 H. E. Salter Medieval Oxf. iv. 85 Whether pebbles were used I am not certain, for pitching can be done with stones of any shape. 1987 Lake District Guardian 6/3 The technique we are currently using is ‘pitching’. 9. a. The rising and falling of a ship or vehicle esp. the forward, downward plunging of the bow or front end. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > rolling and pitching working1575 rolling1578 travail1687 roll1697 pitching1714 sally1718 labouring1748 pitch1751 tumblification1833 send1836 porpoising1974 1714 I. Hawkings Ess. Discov. Longitude at Sea 73 This Power, viz. the Rolling or Pitching of the Ship, being very strong and violent. 1771 tr. A.-J. Pernety Hist. Voy. Malouine Islands 105 Notwithstanding the continual rolling and pitching of the ship, I was fallen into a pretty sound sleep. 1822 J. Neal Logan I. xvi. 296 The pitching of the vessel began to affect him. 1849 H. Melville Redburn lii. 329 It is often very disagreeable work, owing to the pitching of the ship. 1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. (1882) 210 The longitudinal oscillations of pitching and scending. 1930 Morning Post 21 July 4 Pitching is caused by the front wheels travelling over an obstruction before the rear wheels. 1981 Mining Mag. Dec. 497 The combination of a hydropneumatic suspension, a long wheelbase and a lower centre of gravity..maximizes travelling stability and minimizes pitching [sc. in a dump truck]. 1988 A. Desai Baumgartner's Bombay iv. 83 He stood for a long time, unsteady on his legs, so long used to the pitching of the ship. b. Aeronautics and Astronautics. Angular motion of an aircraft or spacecraft about a lateral axis. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > [noun] > motion round lateral axis pitching1903 pitch1920 pitch-up1955 1903 O. Wright in M. McFarland Papers Wilbur & Orville Wright (1953) I. 396 It [sc. the aeroplane]..began its pitching again and suddenly darted into the ground. 1912 G. Greenhill Dynamics Mech. Flight iv. 83 Rolling and pitching of a steamer or flying machine. 1935 C. G. Burge Encycl. Aviation 579/1 Rotary motion of the aeroplane about the lateral axis is called pitching. 1968 T. de Galiana Conc. Encycl. Astronaut. 210/2 For a cylindrical spacecraft,..pitching is a movement of the nose up or down (that is, away from or towards the orbit focus). 1991 D. Piggott Gliding Safety (BNC) 71 A pilot may mistake pitching or sinking rapidly in turbulence as an indication that the aircraft has stalled. 10. Brewing. The adding of yeast to wort for the purpose of inducing fermentation. ΚΠ 1760 W. Reddington Pract. Treat. Brewing xxi. 58 You should, in pitching, lessen the quantity of the wort, and increase that of Yeast. 1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 98 Pitching, or Setting.—This term is applied to the mixing the yeast with the wort, after it has been cooled. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 699/1 It is necessary either to let the wort ‘sour’ naturally, or to add a small quantity of acid..to it before pitching with yeast. 1995 Amer. Brewer Spring 51/2 They understood what they had to do, but not why. Mostly in terms of yeast pitching rates, sanitation, filtration, cleaning, that kind of stuff. †11. Mechanics. The interlocking or engaging of one cogwheel, rack, etc., with another. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > interlocking of cogs or gears pitching1825 engrenage1918 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 486 The communication or action of one wheel with another is called the pitching. 1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 323/2 The fly pitching may next be examined. †12. Tanning. The yellowish deposit or bloom (bloom n.¹ 4c) occurring on tanned leather as a result of the decomposition of certain tannins. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > yellowish coating from tanning bloom1842 pitching1857 1857 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 307/2 A portion of its gelatin..is, by combination with a portion of tannin..deposited upon its surfaces..in the form of a yellow deposit, technically known as bloom, or pitching. 13. Mining. = pitch n.² 1b. Cf. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > slope rise1672 upgo1672 pitch1719 slough1838 bajada1866 pitching1903 1903 Copper Handbk. III. 88 Pitching. The irregular descent of a vein. Compounds C1. † pitching place n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1740 C. Davies Life & Adventures ii. 88 Some frolicksome Sparks..took it into their Heads to tear up the pitching Place which I had made for Porters to ease themselves, by resting their Burthens upon. 1855 D. E. Campbell Let. 13 Feb. in J. J. Walsh Memorial Futtehgurh Mission (1858) x. 210 The Catechist and I walked on as usual to preach in any village we might find by the way, and reached our pitching place by ten o'clock, very much fatigued and hungry. 1873 Times 4 Apr. 11/4 The charges which the Committee in their previous report proposed to make for stands and pitching places were much above those in existence at Covent-garden Market. † pitching stand n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading place > stall or booth > [noun] > pitch standinga1387 standage1600 pitch1699 stance1814 pitching stand1847 1847 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 10 349 For every waggon or cart-stand, with or without pitching-stand adjoining, if by the day, 1s. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 14 Feb. 5/1 To rent the casual cart stands, yearly cart stands, and yearly pitching stands in the market. pitching tool n. ΚΠ a1795 J. Wyke & T. Green in T. R. Crom Horological Shop Tools 1700–1900 (1980) 159 (caption) Pitching tools &c... Made by Tho.^s Green. 1876 Rep. Commissioners U.S. Internat. Exhib. Vienna 1873 IV. 27 They have a good way of splitting the flags... A line is drawn on the face where a break is required; this is ‘strummed’ in with a ‘pitching-tool’... Then the stone is smartly struck on the back with a round-faced hammer. a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1720/1 Pitching-tool. 1. (Watchmaking.) A tool used in placing wheels between the plates of a watch. 2. (Mining.) A kind of pick used in commencing a hole. 1994 Independent on Sunday 12 June (Review Suppl.) 69/2 The tools are the same as those used by their medieval predecessors: splayed flat-ended pitching tools, another with a mushroom head to cushion the blows of the mallet. C2. pitching axis n. chiefly Aeronautics a lateral axis about which pitching of an aircraft, ship, etc., takes place, usually specified to be perpendicular to its longitudinal axis or its direction of travel; also called pitch axis. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > qualities and parameters of aircraft > [noun] > axes of specific moments rolling axis1731 longitudinal axis1744 pitching axis1920 roll axis1945 pitch axis1952 yawing axis1953 yaw axis1959 1915 A. Fage Aeroplane vi. 75 The following nomenclature has been adopted at the National Physical Laboratory:—[table] Name of axis..Lateral... Name of Motion which takes place about Axis..Pitching.] 1920 W. J. Walker tr. R. Devillers Dynamics of Aeroplane xii. 234 The moment of inertia in movements about the pitching axis plays the rôle of mass in rectilinear displacements. 1953 New Biol. 14 66 Stability can be related to any of the three axes—the rolling axis..,the yawing axis,..and the pitching axis (horizontally at right angles to the direction of flight). 1997 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 453 1767 The pitching axis position was at the trailing edge x_pitch=1.0. † pitching-bar n. Obsolete* = pitcher n.² 5. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > implement for making holes in the ground pitch1589 pitcher1712 peeler1796 post auger1819 pitching-bar1879 soil sampler1902 soil auger1927 1879 R. Jefferies Amateur Poacher ii. 29 The shepherd..threw his pitching-bar over his shoulder. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 119 Pitching-bar, the iron bar used in pitching hurdles. pitching block n. now rare a block on which porters can place their loads when resting. ΚΠ 1793 J. O'Keeffe World in Village iii. i. 33 (stage direct.) Helping Willows to lift the sack on a pitching-block. 1884 J. Payn Some Lit. Recoll. 211 The pitching block, where the porters rest their burdens. pitching heat n. Brewing = pitching temperature n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > pitching temperature pitching heat1876 pitching temperature1939 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 275/1 The heat at which the wort is let down into the fermenting tun. This ‘pitching heat’ varies very much. 1885 E. R. Southby Syst. Handbk. Pract. Brewing (ed. 2) xx. 335 I have already explained that this lowering of the pitching heat is by no means essential. pitching hole n. = pitch-hole n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun] > hole into which something is pitched pitching hole1774 pitch-hole1792 1774 W. Halfpenny Twelve Designs Farm-houses (ed. 3) 15 Doors and Frames to the Pitching Holes. 1787 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Norfolk I. 84 It is..very convenient, to have a rick frame at one or both ends of the barn, with a pitching-hole, in at which the corn is housed, without the assistance of team-labour. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 47 Barns..intended for containing large quantities of different crops..should constantly be provided with convenient pitching holes for housing them at. 1988 A. Johnson Converting Old Buildings (BNC) The second most characteristic external feature of many barns is the pitching hole, a window-like opening..provided..in order to pitch corn or hay into the barn. pitching moment n. chiefly Aeronautics a moment tending to turn an aircraft, ship, etc., about its pitching axis. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > aerodynamic forces and concepts > [noun] > moments acting on aircraft pitching moment1880 rolling moment1880 yaw1916 1880 J. R. Soley Rep. Foreign Syst. Naval Educ. 187 Technical knowledge of..rolling moments and pitching moments. 1913 Rep. & Mem. Advisory Comm. Aeronaut. No. 74. 10 Measurements of lift, drift, and pitching moment at varying values of the pitching angle from − 10° to + 25°. 1966 D. Stinton Anat. Aeroplane xi. 199 Further pitching moments..are introduced by wing-mounted stores,..engines, flaps and undercarriage units. 1999 Materials World July 404/2 This is all in the interest of reducing the pitching moment of the boat so that, should the helmsman run into the back of a wave on a downwind leg, the mast will not fly forward or pitch pole the whole boat. pitching mound n. Baseball = pitcher's mound n. at pitcher n.² Compounds. ΚΠ 1909 Sunday State Jrnl. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 25 Apr. c7/1 Johnson and Hendrix are on the husky order and have the bulk, the muscle and the steam needed for success upon the pitching mound. 2001 A. S. Markovits & S. L. Hellerman Offside iv. 134 Several modifications to the standard rules were made, most notably the lowering of the pitching mound from fifteen to ten inches. pitching pence n. now historical a duty levied on goods to be sold in a market or fair. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > market dues > [noun] > for stall, stand, or accommodation stallagea1387 pickage1405 pitching1500 stallenge1509 booth-mail1552 hallage1607 gantellage1611 pitching pence1670 boothage1695 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Pitching pence, is that Money, commonly a Peny, which is paid for pitching, or setting down every bag of Corn, or pack of any other Merchandise in Fairs or Markets. 1774 Statutes at Large Reign George III XI. 96 The Right of the said Mayor, Bailiffs, and Commonalty, to such Pitching-pence or Tolls as have been heretofore paid to them..by Butchers, Gardeners, and others. 1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. 27 397 No doubt terrage and stallage mean ‘pitching pence’, but the editor's version is that the citizens were to be ‘exempt from dues on crops’. 1997 A. Crossley in N. Tyacke Hist. Univ. Oxf. IV. ii. 127 Confusion continued over the city's right to levy tolls and pitching pence. pitching piece n. a piece of timber at the top of a wooden staircase, which supports the shaped pieces of framework. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > other supports for stair pitching piece1819 spandrel1833 apron-piece1842 1819 P. Nicholson Archit. Dict. II. 534/2 Pitching-piece, in staircasing, an horizontal piece of timber, having one of its ends wedged into the wall..to support the upper ends of the rough-strings. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 189 A Pitching-piece is a piece of timber wedged into the wall..for supporting the rough strings at the top of the lower flight. 1983 J. S. Foster Struct. & Fabric (rev. ed.) I. iii. 252/2 The upper ends..must..be birdsmouthed to a pitching piece. † pitching-stables n. Obsolete rare granite used for paving (see quot. 1858). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone as material for paving > a paving stone > sett pitcher1796 pitching-stables1858 set1871 pitch1896 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 290/1 Pitching-stables, a kind of shaped Cornish granite, 4 or 6 inches long, used for paving. pitching stone n. a stone used for pitching a road, path, etc. (see sense 8). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone as material for paving > a paving stone > for specific use channel stone1460 pitching stone1822 1822 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 112 193 The upper portions of pitching stones in the street become rounded and polished, whilst their lower parts retain the exact form and angles which they possessed when first laid down. 1877 Manufacturer & Builder Sept. 203/3 The weight consisted of a pile of granite pitching stones, which were gradually loaded on the remnant of the floor until it broke down. 1952 Times 28 Mar. 3/3 This [new system] substitutes mechanical operations for expensive ‘pitching’ by hand and enables local stone to be used instead of special pitching stone. pitching temperature n. Brewing the temperature at which the wort is pitched with yeast (see pitch v.² 24). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > pitching temperature pitching heat1876 pitching temperature1939 1939 L. de Vries German-Eng. Sci. Dict. 25 Anstelltemperatur, f. pitching temperature. 1957 Encycl. Brit. IV. 105/2 The pitching temperature is held at 54–59° F. in American practice, slightly higher (58–60° F) in England. 1996 Brew Your Own July 35/2 You need a large wort chiller to cool the boiling wort down to pitching temperature as quickly as possible. pitching yeast n. Brewing yeast for use in pitching wort (see sense 10). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > yeast yeastc1000 ale yeasta1450 neaving1681 beer-yeast1857 gravel1882 hop-yeast1884 pitching yeast1885 bee1923 1885 E. R. Southby Syst. Handbk. Pract. Brewing (ed. 2) xx. 320 The yeast cells of a good pitching yeast should be separate from one another. 1956 New Biol. 21 18 Various methods for purifying pitching yeast have been in vogue for some years... The latest approach to this problem is the suggested use of antibiotics such as polymixin. 1998 Food in Canada (Nexis) May 69 Pitching yeast is added on the way to the fermenting cellar, where the beer sits for seven days at 13 C. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). pitchingn.² Brit. /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/ Forms: see pitch v.¹ and -ing suffix¹ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pitch v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pitch v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. The action of coating or treating with pitch, esp. (in later use) to apply pitch to the insides of casks or barrels; a coat of pitch. Now chiefly attributive in pitching machine, pitching rack. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > [noun] > tarring > a coating with pitch pitching1400 bepitching1611 the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > brewers' utensils mash-rule1388 strum1394 tunning dish14.. rudder1410 graner1413 mashel1440 mash rudder1454 pig's foot1467 mask rudder1588 tunnel dish1610 paddle-staff1682 mash1688 mashing staff1688 mash-staff1688 oar1735 mashing-stick1741 porcupine1748 thrum1828 rouser1830 tun-pail1833 mashing oar1836 racker1843 attemperator1854 sparger1858 zymoscope1868 nurse1880 parachute1885 pitching machine1940 sparge arm1947 mash-stick1953 mash oar1974 1400 in W. Page Victoria Hist. Sussex (1907) II. 235 [The ship was..lacking] pychyng, rosenyng, hecchyng, calfatyng, and takelyng. 1423–4 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 177 (MED) For botmynge of j tubbe with bordes, and pytchynge of þe Forseide Fattes and tubbes..ij d. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 117 Þer oweþ..for to go afore þe picching [?c1425 Paris pycchynge; L. piceatione] frotyng and fomentacioun & smytyng with litel ȝerdes vnto þe flesh..be raised up. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Poissement, a pitching with pitch. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Impegolatura, a pitching or tarring of any thing. 1618 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Shore Work Accts. (1972) 94 To..meriners for their panis on the piking of the tunnes. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 170 Without any Caulking or Pitching..to keep out the Water. 1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 242 All the never-ending cares Of pitching, tarring, and repairs. a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) ii. 97 Both Indians and whites use a mixture of rosin and grease for this purpose,—that is, for the pitching. 1890 Cent. Dict. Pitching-machine, a machine used by brewers for coating the interiors of barrels and casks with pitch. 1940 H. L. Hind Brewing II. 854 Simple pitching machines consist of a cauldron, in which the pitch is melted over a coke fire or by gas, and forced by compressed air through a spraying nozzle into the cask. 1947 A. H. Warth Chem. & Technol. Waxes ix. 358 The keg is then moved to the pitching rack where it receives the new protective coating of pitch. 1957 K. Barton-Wright tr. J. de Clerck Textbk. Brewing I. xxii. 483 In modern pitching machines..the old lining is no longer removed with hot air,..but with very thinned pitch. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pitchingadj. Brit. /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/ Forms: see pitch v.² and -ing suffix² Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pitch v.², -ing suffix². Etymology: < pitch v.² + -ing suffix². 1. a. Sloping, inclining; (Geology) having an axis that slopes or dips downwards. Cf. pitch v.² 16, pitch n.² 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping pyramidala1398 shoringc1503 slopec1503 pitching1519 current?1523 battering1589 pitched1594 aslope1599 sloping1610 shelving1615 stooping1621 raking1665 sloped1683 shedding1688 slopy1740 raked1948 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxi. f. 177 That fielde is beste: that is nat playne euyn, and leuell: but somwhat pytchynge. 1892 Amer. Naturalist 26 939 The lower Marquette series..lie for the most part upon impervious formations in pitching troughs. 1901 Science 22 Nov. 791/1 Some of these factors [sc. influencing the localization of ore] are..the presence of impervious strata at various depths, the presence of pitching folds, [etc.]. 1939 A. K. Lobeck Geomorphol. xvii. 595 The monoclinal ridges which result from the erosion of pitching synclines converge in a direction which is opposite to the pitch of the fold. 1968 C. R. Twidale Geomorphol. ii. 11 Folds whose outcrops narrow and widen, appear and disappear, are described as pitching or plunging folds. 2002 Tectonics 21 14/1 Mineral lineations change from steeply pitching on the sides of the fan to moderately pitching in the center. b. figurative. Descending, declining. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > descending and settling pitching1900 1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xviii. 130 Neither doth the last syllab pitch so hard in anie word of two or mo syllabs, as it doth in a monosyllab, and therefor no maruell if the pitching letter be left out. 1611 Bible (King James) Judges xix. 9 (margin) It is the pitching time of the day. 1641 J. Trapp Theologia Theol. vii. 286 As much as it is the pitching time of the day, Judg. 19. 9 it is the last houre. 1900 Academy 8 Sept. 199/1 The voice's trill Sinks like a pitching bird; and all is still. 2. Rising and falling; plunging forwards and downwards; (of a horse) bucking. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > plunging head first headya1382 plunging1538 headlong1562 pitching1749 head-foremost1839 head first1866 1749 J. Wesley Jrnl. 20 July (1756) 1 When I asked in the Morning we were many Leagues from Land, in a rough, pitching Sea. 1789 Ann. Reg. 1787 240/2 A violent gale..has blown with incredible fury, accompanied with a most tremendous pitching sea. 1865 H. W. Baxley What I Saw ix. 177 The voyager, weary of restless waters and a rolling and pitching ship. 1875 G. J. Whyte-Melville Katerfelto xxiii He crosses its undulating surface at that free pitching gallop which he seems so rarely to hasten. 1884 D. Pae Eustace 197 It was no easy matter to get over the side of the pitching vessel into the boats. 1906 Chambers's Jrnl. July 537/2 It is worth going some distance to see a vaquero sticking to a ‘pitching’ horse. 1948 Sat. Rev. 28 Aug. 37/1 Bucky Durant calmly rolled a cigarette as he sat atop the pitching bronc. 1992 Sci. Amer. May 50/2 Spinnakers can blow out because of the transient aerodynamic shocks caused by a pitching boat. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1398n.²1400adj.1519
随便看	stultifications stultificatory stultified stultifier stultifiers stultifies stultify stultifying stultifyingly stultiloquence stultiloquent stultiloquential stultiloquently stultiloquious stultiloquy stultitious stultitiously stulty stum stum up stumble stumble at on the threshold stumble at the threshold stumble-block stumbleblock

pitchingn.1

Compounds

pitchingn.2

pitchingadj.

pitchingn.¹

pitchingn.²