pilliwinksn.

Brit.

/ˈpɪlɪwɪŋks/, U.S.

/ˈpɪliˌwɪŋks/, Scottish English

/ˈpɪlɪwɪŋks/

Forms: Middle English pyrewinkes, Middle English pyrwykes, 1900s– pilliwinks; Scottish pre-1700 pilliewinkis, pre-1700 pilliwincks, pre-1700 pilliwinkes, pre-1700 pilliwinks, pre-1700 pinniwinkis, pre-1700 pinnywinkis, pre-1700 1700s–1800s pilniewinks, pre-1700 1700s–1800s pinniewinks, 1700s pilliewinks, 1700s–1800s pilniwinks, 1800s pilliewinkies, 1800s pilliwinkies, 1800s pilniewinkie, 1800s pilniewinkies, 1800s pilniwinkies, 1800s pilniwinky, 1800s pinnywinkles, 1800s pirliewinkie, 1800s pirliewinkles, 1800s 2000s– pennywinkis.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Quots. 1397 and ?c1400 apparently show the English word in Anglo-Norman and Latin contexts.With the early forms perhaps compare pyrwynke , variant of periwinkle n.¹, but any etymological connection seems unlikely on semantic grounds (although for a connection of the plant with executions perhaps compare quot. a1350 at periwinkle n.¹ 1aα. ). In later forms in -winkles apparently showing folk-etymological alteration after either periwinkle n.¹ or periwinkle n.² For a suggested Anglo-Norman etymology (and hence an assumption that quot. 1397 shows an Anglo-Norman rather than a Middle English word) see L. Spitzer in Mod. Lang. Notes 60 (1945) 503–21, although the etymology suggested presents both formal and semantic difficulties (for the relevant word family in French see Französisches Etymol. Wörterbuch s.v. pir-).

Chiefly Scottish. Now historical.

An instrument of torture for squeezing the fingers, similar to a thumbscrew.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > thumb-screw

pilliwinks1397

screw1663

thumbikins1684

finger stocks1686

finger pillory1801

thumb-lock1801

thumbscrew1816

1397 in W. P. Baildon Sel. Cases Chancery (1896) 30 (MED) Johan Skypwyth..aresta le dit Johan Rouseby et lui enprisona horriblement en soun hostiel a Nicole [= Lincoln], et lui mist en ceppes et mist sez mayns aderere soun dorse, et sur sez mayns vne paire de pyrwykes.

?c1400 Cartulary St. Edmund in Cowell's Law Dict. (1708) Ipsum..cum cordis ligaverunt & super pollices ipsius Roberti quoddam instrumentum vocatum Pyrewinkes ita stricte et dure posuerunt quod sanguis exivit de digitis illius.

1591 Newes from Scotl. in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. I. ii. 215 Her maister..did with the help of others torment her with the torture of the pilliwinkes vpon her fingers.

1596 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. 376 The dochter, being sewin yeir auld, but in the pinniwinkis [so MS. Record; in Maclaurin, 1774, pilniewinks].

1631 in Sc. Notes & Queries (1900) 2nd Ser. 1 78 First to the tortour of the buittis..next to the tortour of the pilliewinkis.

1680–1700 Ld. Roystoun in J. Maclaurin Arguments & Decisions Remarkable Cases (1774) Introd. p. xxxvii Anciently I find other torturing instruments were used, as pinniewinks or pilliwinks..in the Master of Orkney's case, 24th June 1596... But what these instruments were, I know not.

1774 J. Maclaurin Arguments & Decisions Remarkable Cases Introd. p. xxxvi Alaster Grant, who was indicted for theft and robbery 3rd August 1632..was twice put to the torture, first in the boots, and next in the pilliewinks or pinniewinks.

1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor ix, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 230 They prick us and they pine us, and they pit us on the pinnywinkles for witches.

1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft ix. 310 His finger bones were slintered in the pilniewinks.

1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism I. i. 142 The three principal [tortures]..were the pennywinkis, the boots, and the caschielawis.

1890 Spectator 31 May 768 The ‘pirliewinkles’, a form of thumb-screw ingeniously constructed for the express purpose of crushing all the fingers of one hand.

1938–9 V. Woolf in 20th Cent. Lit. (1979) 25 407 A dun chicken, she said, sucked on her chin. When the pilliwinks were applied to her, she confessed.

2000 Scotsman (Nexis) 28 Oct. 7 The witch might be subjected to the pennywinkis, the crushing of toes or fingers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pilliwinks
释义	pilliwinksn. Brit. /ˈpɪlɪwɪŋks/, U.S. /ˈpɪliˌwɪŋks/, Scottish English /ˈpɪlɪwɪŋks/ Forms: Middle English pyrewinkes, Middle English pyrwykes, 1900s– pilliwinks; Scottish pre-1700 pilliewinkis, pre-1700 pilliwincks, pre-1700 pilliwinkes, pre-1700 pilliwinks, pre-1700 pinniwinkis, pre-1700 pinnywinkis, pre-1700 1700s–1800s pilniewinks, pre-1700 1700s–1800s pinniewinks, 1700s pilliewinks, 1700s–1800s pilniwinks, 1800s pilliewinkies, 1800s pilliwinkies, 1800s pilniewinkie, 1800s pilniewinkies, 1800s pilniwinkies, 1800s pilniwinky, 1800s pinnywinkles, 1800s pirliewinkie, 1800s pirliewinkles, 1800s 2000s– pennywinkis. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Quots. 1397 and ?c1400 apparently show the English word in Anglo-Norman and Latin contexts.With the early forms perhaps compare pyrwynke , variant of periwinkle n.¹, but any etymological connection seems unlikely on semantic grounds (although for a connection of the plant with executions perhaps compare quot. a1350 at periwinkle n.¹ 1aα. ). In later forms in -winkles apparently showing folk-etymological alteration after either periwinkle n.¹ or periwinkle n.² For a suggested Anglo-Norman etymology (and hence an assumption that quot. 1397 shows an Anglo-Norman rather than a Middle English word) see L. Spitzer in Mod. Lang. Notes 60 (1945) 503–21, although the etymology suggested presents both formal and semantic difficulties (for the relevant word family in French see Französisches Etymol. Wörterbuch s.v. pir-). Chiefly Scottish. Now historical. An instrument of torture for squeezing the fingers, similar to a thumbscrew. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > thumb-screw pilliwinks1397 screw1663 thumbikins1684 finger stocks1686 finger pillory1801 thumb-lock1801 thumbscrew1816 1397 in W. P. Baildon Sel. Cases Chancery (1896) 30 (MED) Johan Skypwyth..aresta le dit Johan Rouseby et lui enprisona horriblement en soun hostiel a Nicole [= Lincoln], et lui mist en ceppes et mist sez mayns aderere soun dorse, et sur sez mayns vne paire de pyrwykes. ?c1400 Cartulary St. Edmund in Cowell's Law Dict. (1708) Ipsum..cum cordis ligaverunt & super pollices ipsius Roberti quoddam instrumentum vocatum Pyrewinkes ita stricte et dure posuerunt quod sanguis exivit de digitis illius. 1591 Newes from Scotl. in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. I. ii. 215 Her maister..did with the help of others torment her with the torture of the pilliwinkes vpon her fingers. 1596 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. 376 The dochter, being sewin yeir auld, but in the pinniwinkis [so MS. Record; in Maclaurin, 1774, pilniewinks]. 1631 in Sc. Notes & Queries (1900) 2nd Ser. 1 78 First to the tortour of the buittis..next to the tortour of the pilliewinkis. 1680–1700 Ld. Roystoun in J. Maclaurin Arguments & Decisions Remarkable Cases (1774) Introd. p. xxxvii Anciently I find other torturing instruments were used, as pinniewinks or pilliwinks..in the Master of Orkney's case, 24th June 1596... But what these instruments were, I know not. 1774 J. Maclaurin Arguments & Decisions Remarkable Cases Introd. p. xxxvi Alaster Grant, who was indicted for theft and robbery 3rd August 1632..was twice put to the torture, first in the boots, and next in the pilliewinks or pinniewinks. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor ix, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 230 They prick us and they pine us, and they pit us on the pinnywinkles for witches. 1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft ix. 310 His finger bones were slintered in the pilniewinks. 1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism I. i. 142 The three principal [tortures]..were the pennywinkis, the boots, and the caschielawis. 1890 Spectator 31 May 768 The ‘pirliewinkles’, a form of thumb-screw ingeniously constructed for the express purpose of crushing all the fingers of one hand. 1938–9 V. Woolf in 20th Cent. Lit. (1979) 25 407 A dun chicken, she said, sucked on her chin. When the pilliwinks were applied to her, she confessed. 2000 Scotsman (Nexis) 28 Oct. 7 The witch might be subjected to the pennywinkis, the crushing of toes or fingers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1397
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