pinnaclen.

Brit.

/ˈpɪnᵻkl/, U.S.

/ˈpɪnᵻk(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English penakull, Middle English penakulle, Middle English pynakel, Middle English pynakell, Middle English pynakill, Middle English pynakyl, Middle English pynnacul, Middle English pynnakel, Middle English pynnakill, Middle English pynnakyll, Middle English pynnakylle, Middle English pynncle (transmission error), Middle English–1500s pynakle, Middle English–1500s pynnacle, Middle English–1600s penacle, Middle English–1600s pynacle, Middle English–1700s pinacle, late Middle English (in a late copy) 1600s pynackle, 1500s pinakle, 1500s pinnackle, 1500s pynnaculle, 1500s– pinnacle, 1600s pinicill (Irish English), 1600s pinnackell, 1600s–1800s pinnicle; Scottish pre-1700 penakill, pre-1700 pennakill, pre-1700 pinnackell, pre-1700 pinnakill, pre-1700 pinnakle, pre-1700 pynacile, pre-1700 pynnacle, pre-1700 pynnakill, pre-1700 pynnakle, pre-1700 pynnakyll. N.E.D. (1907) also records a form Middle English pinnakyl.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pinacle, pinnacle; Latin pinnaculum.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pinacle and Middle French pinacle, pinnacle highest point of a building (beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French, with reference to the Temple in Jerusalem), architectural construction surmounting a building (1363; French pinacle , now historical) and its etymon post-classical Latin pinnaculum highest point of a temple (Vetus Latina, Vulgate (Matthew 4:5), late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), small wing (Vetus Latina) < classical Latin pinna wing, pinnacle, point (see pinna n.²; compare pin n.¹) + -āculum , extended form of -culum -cule suffix; compare -cle suffix.Post-classical Latin pinnaculum may have been formed originally as a diminutive of classical Latin pinna in sense ‘wing’, or as a diminutive of classical Latin pinna in sense ‘raised part of a battlement’ (perhaps after classical Latin prōpugnāculum propugnaculum n.). In the Vulgate, Matthew 4:5, post-classical Latin pinnaculum renders Hellenistic Greek πτερύγιον ‘pinnacle’, in ancient Greek ‘small wing’ (see pterygium n.), diminutive of πτέρυξ ‘wing’, in Hellenistic Greek also ‘point of a building’. The Old Latin version (Vetus Latina) in its earliest form had in Matthew 4:5 and Luke 4:9 fastigium apex, summit, gable, pediment, ornament surmounting the roof of a temple (see fastigium n.). Compare Catalan pinacle (1392), Spanish pináculo (c1400 or earlier), Portuguese pináculo (15th cent. as †pynacullo ), Italian pinnacolo (a1342), all earliest in sense 1. Senses 2 and 3 are not paralleled in French until later (c1470 and 1696 respectively). Forms with -e- in the first syllable show the influence of classical Latin penna (see pen n.³, and compare discussion at pinna n.²).

a. An architectural construction surmounting a building; spec. a small ornamental turret, usually terminating in a pyramid or cone, crowning a buttress, roof, or coping.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > turrets or pinnacles

pinnaclec1330

garret1340

filiolec1400

pricket1534

tower-work1653

pinnet1805

pinnaclet1905

c1330 (?c1300) St. Patrick's Purgatory (Auch.) in Englische Studien (1877) 1 107 (MED) Knottes of rede golde þer opon, and pinacles of cristal.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. liv. 12 I shal araie bi ordre þi stones & founde þee in saphiris, & I shal sette iasp þi pynaclis [a1425 L.V. touris; L. propugnacula] & þi ȝatis in to graue stones.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 110 (MED) Þe fend bare him over Jerusalem, as Crist were fleyng in þe eire, and putte him above þe pynacle of þe temple, þat sum men seyen weren þe aleis.

1448 Will of Henry VI in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 355 Which tour shal conteyne..in the height with the batelment and the pynacles cxl fete.

a1500 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 122 I am gretly delyghtand In..Stately howsys beheldand, Glased with storys glasand, Pynnakelys ful of fanys gloriously dyght.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lix The violencie of the wynde had blowen doune an Egle of brasse..from a pynnacle or spire of Paules Church.

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ii. 69 Upon the top of this turret is built a certaine spire or pinnacle rising sharpe in forme of a sugar-loafe.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 75 He..slew..their Ring-leader, whose head he sent to Amadabat, and..commanded that it should be set upon a Pinacle.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Pinnacle, the highest Top of any Spire.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. iii. 241 They fancied these to be cities adorned with towers and pinacles.

1845 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 4) I. 287 Pinnacle,..consists of a shaft and top; this last is generally in the form of a small spire, surmounted with a finial, and often crocketed at the angles, and is sometimes called a finial.

1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. xv. 165 If there had been no other place for pinnacles, the Gothic builders would have put them on the tops of their arches..rather than not have had them.

1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point xix. 344 The fantastic towers and pinnacles of Gattenden Castle, built..in the most extravagant style of Strawberry Hill Gothic.

1988 Independent 2 Sept. 16/4 A pinnacle from the Worcester tower crashed through the transept roof.

b. In extended use: any vertical pointed projection surmounting an object; a pyramid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > condition of tapering to a point > [noun] > pointed object or part > at the top

pinnaclec1400

taper1589

peak1785

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1463 (MED) Þer wer..Covered cowpes..as casteles arayed..Þe coperounes..Wer fetysely formed out in fylyoles longe, Pinacles pyȝt þer apert þat profert bitwene.

a1475 in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 4 (MED) The walle schal be of galmeowne..Pynnaculs alle of aurum.

a1500 (?a1410) J. Lydgate Churl & Bird (Lansd.) 93 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 472 Thouh my cage forged were of gold And the pynaclis [v.r. penacles] of berel & cristall, I remembre a prouerbe seid of old,‘Who lesith his fredam, in soth, he lesith all.’

c1530 in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. 328 Item vj Sponnes gilte withe Pynnacles of thends.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 104 There was a Pinacle reared vpon the Walles of the Fort with their bare sculs.

a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) v. 83 At dinner he sate bareheaded; his Crown and rich Cap standing on a Pinacle by.

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 2 Pedestals upon..a Pediment to support Statues..may properly be called Pinacles.

1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xx. 104 Take off one of these two curious ornaments [sc. knobs]..from the point or pinacle of the chair it now stands on.

1801 J. Milner Hist. Civil & Eccl. Winchester II. 36 The stalls with their misereres, canopies, pinnacles, &c.

1889 Dict. National Biogr. XXI. 338/2 A panel surrounded by a frame of Jacobean pattern, surmounted by pinnacles bearing globes and fourteen shields of armorial achievements.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xi. [Sirens] 259 She waved about her outspread Independent,..her pinnacles of hair slowmoving.

1975 R. Helms Tolkien's World iv. 126 A rather vulgar sugar-iced concoction, with a doll tippy-toe on its pinnacle as the Fairy Queen.

2004 Times (Nexis) 9 Apr. (Features section) 40 At the height of summer flowering it is covered with pinnacles of white blooms.

2. A natural feature forming a peak; esp. a mountain peak; a pointed or projecting rock or outcrop. Also: a promontory, a spit of land.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rocky peak > [noun]

tor847

pinnaclec1330

rassec1400

spire1586

prick1604

needle1721

pillar1780

needle rock1784

aiguille1816

nunatak1877

hoodoo1880

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > [noun] > spit

pinnaclec1330

hook1600

languet1610

spit1673

pier1768

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1719 At a pinacle bi [c1475 Caius of] þe se Gij seye a man of rewly ble.

a1500 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Cambr.) 94 (MED) He ys in a castel steff and good Closed with þe salt flood In a penakull of the see.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 2 Shee..his carcasse on rockish pinnacle hanged.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads viii. 115 The brows Of all steepe hils and pinnacles.

1744 C. Smith Antient & Present State County Down 120 A Pinnacle or Mountain of the first Magnitude, ending in a sharp or abrupt Precipice.

1795 A. Anderson Narr. Brit. Embassy China xv. 167 An immense pillar, or column of solid rock..situated on the pinnacle of a large mountain.

1842 J. B. Jukes Excurs. Newfoundland I. 298 [The iceberg] was full of hollows at the top and sides, having a pinnacle at one end thirty-five feet high.

1878 H. S. Wilson Alpine Ascents i. 7 The pure-white pinnacle of the..Weisshorn.

1949 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Nov. 3/4 The big Panamanian freighter..was described as being caught on a ‘pinnacle’ with water of 36 to 60 feet depth around it.

1992 N. Maclean Young Men & Fire i. iii. 63 Meriwether Canyon is a chimney of fifteen-hundred-foot precipices and pinnacles.

3. figurative. The highest point, pitch, or summit of achievement, success, etc.; the acme or climax. Also: †a perfect embodiment or exemplar of something; spec. the Virgin Mary (obsolete). Chiefly with the and of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > peak of perfection

perfection1340

pointc1400

pinnaclec1450

firmament1526

tipe1548

vertical point1559

acmea1568

status1577

summity1588

sublimation1591

turret1593

topgallant1597

non ultra?1606

vertical1611

non plus ultra1647

ne ultraa1657

verticle1658

summit1661

ne plus ultra1664

ne plus1665

nonplus1670

tip-top1702

pink1720

sublime1748

eminencea1854

it1896

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [noun] > quality or fact of being extreme > highest, utmost, or extreme degree

heightOE

perfectiona1398

utterestc1410

uttermosta1425

tiptoec1440

pinnaclec1450

utmost1472

outmostc1535

extremity1543

abyss1548

top1552

furthest, utmost stretch1558

summa summarum1567

superlative1573

strain1576

extreme1595

fine1596

last1602

yondmost1608

super-superlative1623

pitch1624

utmostness1674

pink1720

supreme1817

ultima Thule1828

peak1902

c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 4 (MED) Heil pinacle in heuene an hiȝt, Mater regis angelorum.

a1500 in Englische Studien (1890) 14 401 (MED) Gabriell hur gret graciously, That holy pynakell preved of price.

?c1500 Conversion of St. Paul (Digby) 240 He ys a chosen wessell,..A very pynacle of the fayth.

1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 92 Being ascended to the top and pynacle of true knowledge.

a1659 F. Osborne Characters in Wks. (1673) 634 The highest Pinnacle of my Ambition.

1737 H. Baker Medulla Poetarum Romanorum II. 93 Climb at Court for me that will, Tottering Favour's Pinnacle!

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 254 To have reached the pinnacle of perfection.

1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm iv. 86 An almost sudden plunge from the pinnacle of high belief, into the bottomless gulf of universal scepticism.

1869 W. P. Mackay Grace & Truth (1875) 167 How can I reach the pinnacle of earthly fame?

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 267 This was the pinnacle of Hannibal's success, and a pinnacle indeed it was.

1903 H. Keller Story of my Life i. xiv. 50 This was the pinnacle of my happiness, from which I was in a little while dashed to earth.

1990 Boxing Illustr. Oct. 68/1 It should have ended then, with Muhammad Ali at the pinnacle of the most charismatic career in the history of boxing.

Compounds

General attributive, esp. in pinnacle rock.

ΚΠ

1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night in Wks. (1883) III. 263 Nere those pinacle rocks called the Needles.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iv. 75 Height [of the temple] is not above three thousand Foot, and reckoning from the Ground to the highest Pinnacle top.

1837 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 57/2 The archway..is flanked with columns, niches, pediments, and crocketed pinnacle finials.

1890 Cent. Dict. Pinnacle work, in arch. and decoration, ornamental projections, especially at the top of any object.

1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 14 July 11/3 On her last voyage in the westward route the Dora struck a pinnacle rock and developed a serious leak.

1986 Scotsman 16 June 5 A Czechoslovak climber sustained fractured vertebrae when he fell 20ft while climbing the 200ft-high Old Man of Stoer pinnacle rock near Lochinver.

Derivatives

ˈpinnacle-like adj.

ΚΠ

1872 F. V. Hayden Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. of Montana 79 Pinnacle-like columns, composed of the volcanic brecchia.

1901 Wide World Mag. 8 132/1 Jagged, pinnacle-like rocks.

2003 Irish Times (Nexis) 13 Feb. 14 3,000 extraordinary limestone pinnacle-like islands.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pinnaclev.

Brit.

/ˈpɪnᵻkl/, U.S.

/ˈpɪnᵻk(ə)l/

Forms: see pinnacle n.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pinnacle n.

Etymology: < pinnacle n.

1. transitive. To form the pinnacle of; to surmount, top, crown. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] > occupy or form the top of

crownc1430

pinnaclea1525

surmount1610

cresta1616

top1615

head1638

coronate1707

cap1807

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > bring to or form highest point

to bring to a head1603

culminate1659

cumulate1660

climax1807

pinnacle1840

peak1887

a1525 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 250 The coveryng [of a Chapell]..paynted w^t Azur, and pynacled w^t Corven werk paynted and gilt.

1633 J. Fisher Fuimus Troes iii. iv Ye Whose lesser Turrets pinnacle Rome's head.

1738 Briton Described in J. Torbuck Coll. Welsh Trav. i. 44 The Summity of his Head is commonly Crown'd with a Monmouth Cap, and its Crown is commonly pinnacled with the Battlement of a Button.

1782 T. Warton Specimen Hist. Oxfordshire (1783) 8 The pediment of the southern Transept is pinnacled, not inelegantly, with a flourished Cross.

1840 R. H. Horne Gregory VII (ed. 2) i. i. 6 It pinnacles all crimes..Touching God's footstool with a sharp assault!

1942 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 18 May 6/2 Pinnacling the large square serving table was a huge basket of ice.

1999 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 7 Mar. l1 The dusty little desert city of St. George, Utah, pinnacled by a gleaming white Mormon temple.

2. transitive. Chiefly poetic. To set on or as on a pinnacle. Also (in quot. 1816): to cause to rise as a pinnacle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)]

to set upc1290

mountc1300

erect1552

hoise1581

perch1648

pinnacle1656

spike1743

imperch1786

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > make high(er) [verb (transitive)]

biga1400

risea1400

raise?a1425

inheynec1475

height1530

heighten1530

relieve1661

upshoot1804

pinnacle1816

1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 15 To stand..pinacled on the highest point of the Temple, ready for precipitation.

1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III lxii. 36 The Alps, The palaces of Nature, whose vast walls Have pinnacled in clouds their snowy scalps.

1878 R. Browning Poets Croisic xxiii Such a mighty moment of success As pinnacled him..in full display, For the whole world to worship.

1925 E. Blunden Eng. Poems 43 What sweeter sight can ever charm the eye Than robin..pinnacled against the eager sky Daring the armies of the brazen cold?

1992 D. Dunnett King Hereafter (BNC) 690 The names of honour..were those of the signalmen. Pinnacled above an empty land into which..they sent the tidings from Soutra to Pentland.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pinnacle
释义	pinnaclen. Brit. /ˈpɪnᵻkl/, U.S. /ˈpɪnᵻk(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English penakull, Middle English penakulle, Middle English pynakel, Middle English pynakell, Middle English pynakill, Middle English pynakyl, Middle English pynnacul, Middle English pynnakel, Middle English pynnakill, Middle English pynnakyll, Middle English pynnakylle, Middle English pynncle (transmission error), Middle English–1500s pynakle, Middle English–1500s pynnacle, Middle English–1600s penacle, Middle English–1600s pynacle, Middle English–1700s pinacle, late Middle English (in a late copy) 1600s pynackle, 1500s pinakle, 1500s pinnackle, 1500s pynnaculle, 1500s– pinnacle, 1600s pinicill (Irish English), 1600s pinnackell, 1600s–1800s pinnicle; Scottish pre-1700 penakill, pre-1700 pennakill, pre-1700 pinnackell, pre-1700 pinnakill, pre-1700 pinnakle, pre-1700 pynacile, pre-1700 pynnacle, pre-1700 pynnakill, pre-1700 pynnakle, pre-1700 pynnakyll. N.E.D. (1907) also records a form Middle English pinnakyl. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pinacle, pinnacle; Latin pinnaculum. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pinacle and Middle French pinacle, pinnacle highest point of a building (beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French, with reference to the Temple in Jerusalem), architectural construction surmounting a building (1363; French pinacle , now historical) and its etymon post-classical Latin pinnaculum highest point of a temple (Vetus Latina, Vulgate (Matthew 4:5), late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), small wing (Vetus Latina) < classical Latin pinna wing, pinnacle, point (see pinna n.²; compare pin n.¹) + -āculum , extended form of -culum -cule suffix; compare -cle suffix.Post-classical Latin pinnaculum may have been formed originally as a diminutive of classical Latin pinna in sense ‘wing’, or as a diminutive of classical Latin pinna in sense ‘raised part of a battlement’ (perhaps after classical Latin prōpugnāculum propugnaculum n.). In the Vulgate, Matthew 4:5, post-classical Latin pinnaculum renders Hellenistic Greek πτερύγιον ‘pinnacle’, in ancient Greek ‘small wing’ (see pterygium n.), diminutive of πτέρυξ ‘wing’, in Hellenistic Greek also ‘point of a building’. The Old Latin version (Vetus Latina) in its earliest form had in Matthew 4:5 and Luke 4:9 fastigium apex, summit, gable, pediment, ornament surmounting the roof of a temple (see fastigium n.). Compare Catalan pinacle (1392), Spanish pináculo (c1400 or earlier), Portuguese pináculo (15th cent. as †pynacullo ), Italian pinnacolo (a1342), all earliest in sense 1. Senses 2 and 3 are not paralleled in French until later (c1470 and 1696 respectively). Forms with -e- in the first syllable show the influence of classical Latin penna (see pen n.³, and compare discussion at pinna n.²). 1. a. An architectural construction surmounting a building; spec. a small ornamental turret, usually terminating in a pyramid or cone, crowning a buttress, roof, or coping. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > turrets or pinnacles pinnaclec1330 garret1340 filiolec1400 pricket1534 tower-work1653 pinnet1805 pinnaclet1905 c1330 (?c1300) St. Patrick's Purgatory (Auch.) in Englische Studien (1877) 1 107 (MED) Knottes of rede golde þer opon, and pinacles of cristal. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. liv. 12 I shal araie bi ordre þi stones & founde þee in saphiris, & I shal sette iasp þi pynaclis [a1425 L.V. touris; L. propugnacula] & þi ȝatis in to graue stones. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 110 (MED) Þe fend bare him over Jerusalem, as Crist were fleyng in þe eire, and putte him above þe pynacle of þe temple, þat sum men seyen weren þe aleis. 1448 Will of Henry VI in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 355 Which tour shal conteyne..in the height with the batelment and the pynacles cxl fete. a1500 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 122 I am gretly delyghtand In..Stately howsys beheldand, Glased with storys glasand, Pynnakelys ful of fanys gloriously dyght. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lix The violencie of the wynde had blowen doune an Egle of brasse..from a pynnacle or spire of Paules Church. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ii. 69 Upon the top of this turret is built a certaine spire or pinnacle rising sharpe in forme of a sugar-loafe. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 75 He..slew..their Ring-leader, whose head he sent to Amadabat, and..commanded that it should be set upon a Pinacle. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Pinnacle, the highest Top of any Spire. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. iii. 241 They fancied these to be cities adorned with towers and pinacles. 1845 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 4) I. 287 Pinnacle,..consists of a shaft and top; this last is generally in the form of a small spire, surmounted with a finial, and often crocketed at the angles, and is sometimes called a finial. 1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. xv. 165 If there had been no other place for pinnacles, the Gothic builders would have put them on the tops of their arches..rather than not have had them. 1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point xix. 344 The fantastic towers and pinnacles of Gattenden Castle, built..in the most extravagant style of Strawberry Hill Gothic. 1988 Independent 2 Sept. 16/4 A pinnacle from the Worcester tower crashed through the transept roof. b. In extended use: any vertical pointed projection surmounting an object; a pyramid. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > condition of tapering to a point > [noun] > pointed object or part > at the top pinnaclec1400 taper1589 peak1785 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1463 (MED) Þer wer..Covered cowpes..as casteles arayed..Þe coperounes..Wer fetysely formed out in fylyoles longe, Pinacles pyȝt þer apert þat profert bitwene. a1475 in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 4 (MED) The walle schal be of galmeowne..Pynnaculs alle of aurum. a1500 (?a1410) J. Lydgate Churl & Bird (Lansd.) 93 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 472 Thouh my cage forged were of gold And the pynaclis [v.r. penacles] of berel & cristall, I remembre a prouerbe seid of old,‘Who lesith his fredam, in soth, he lesith all.’ c1530 in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. 328 Item vj Sponnes gilte withe Pynnacles of thends. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 104 There was a Pinacle reared vpon the Walles of the Fort with their bare sculs. a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) v. 83 At dinner he sate bareheaded; his Crown and rich Cap standing on a Pinacle by. 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 2 Pedestals upon..a Pediment to support Statues..may properly be called Pinacles. 1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xx. 104 Take off one of these two curious ornaments [sc. knobs]..from the point or pinacle of the chair it now stands on. 1801 J. Milner Hist. Civil & Eccl. Winchester II. 36 The stalls with their misereres, canopies, pinnacles, &c. 1889 Dict. National Biogr. XXI. 338/2 A panel surrounded by a frame of Jacobean pattern, surmounted by pinnacles bearing globes and fourteen shields of armorial achievements. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xi. [Sirens] 259 She waved about her outspread Independent,..her pinnacles of hair slowmoving. 1975 R. Helms Tolkien's World iv. 126 A rather vulgar sugar-iced concoction, with a doll tippy-toe on its pinnacle as the Fairy Queen. 2004 Times (Nexis) 9 Apr. (Features section) 40 At the height of summer flowering it is covered with pinnacles of white blooms. 2. A natural feature forming a peak; esp. a mountain peak; a pointed or projecting rock or outcrop. Also: a promontory, a spit of land. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rocky peak > [noun] tor847 pinnaclec1330 rassec1400 spire1586 prick1604 needle1721 pillar1780 needle rock1784 aiguille1816 nunatak1877 hoodoo1880 the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > [noun] > spit pinnaclec1330 hook1600 languet1610 spit1673 pier1768 c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1719 At a pinacle bi [c1475 Caius of] þe se Gij seye a man of rewly ble. a1500 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Cambr.) 94 (MED) He ys in a castel steff and good Closed with þe salt flood In a penakull of the see. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 2 Shee..his carcasse on rockish pinnacle hanged. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads viii. 115 The brows Of all steepe hils and pinnacles. 1744 C. Smith Antient & Present State County Down 120 A Pinnacle or Mountain of the first Magnitude, ending in a sharp or abrupt Precipice. 1795 A. Anderson Narr. Brit. Embassy China xv. 167 An immense pillar, or column of solid rock..situated on the pinnacle of a large mountain. 1842 J. B. Jukes Excurs. Newfoundland I. 298 [The iceberg] was full of hollows at the top and sides, having a pinnacle at one end thirty-five feet high. 1878 H. S. Wilson Alpine Ascents i. 7 The pure-white pinnacle of the..Weisshorn. 1949 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Nov. 3/4 The big Panamanian freighter..was described as being caught on a ‘pinnacle’ with water of 36 to 60 feet depth around it. 1992 N. Maclean Young Men & Fire i. iii. 63 Meriwether Canyon is a chimney of fifteen-hundred-foot precipices and pinnacles. 3. figurative. The highest point, pitch, or summit of achievement, success, etc.; the acme or climax. Also: †a perfect embodiment or exemplar of something; spec. the Virgin Mary (obsolete). Chiefly with the and of. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > peak of perfection perfection1340 pointc1400 pinnaclec1450 firmament1526 tipe1548 vertical point1559 acmea1568 status1577 summity1588 sublimation1591 turret1593 topgallant1597 non ultra?1606 vertical1611 non plus ultra1647 ne ultraa1657 verticle1658 summit1661 ne plus ultra1664 ne plus1665 nonplus1670 tip-top1702 pink1720 sublime1748 eminencea1854 it1896 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [noun] > quality or fact of being extreme > highest, utmost, or extreme degree heightOE perfectiona1398 utterestc1410 uttermosta1425 tiptoec1440 pinnaclec1450 utmost1472 outmostc1535 extremity1543 abyss1548 top1552 furthest, utmost stretch1558 summa summarum1567 superlative1573 strain1576 extreme1595 fine1596 last1602 yondmost1608 super-superlative1623 pitch1624 utmostness1674 pink1720 supreme1817 ultima Thule1828 peak1902 c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 4 (MED) Heil pinacle in heuene an hiȝt, Mater regis angelorum. a1500 in Englische Studien (1890) 14 401 (MED) Gabriell hur gret graciously, That holy pynakell preved of price. ?c1500 Conversion of St. Paul (Digby) 240 He ys a chosen wessell,..A very pynacle of the fayth. 1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 92 Being ascended to the top and pynacle of true knowledge. a1659 F. Osborne Characters in Wks. (1673) 634 The highest Pinnacle of my Ambition. 1737 H. Baker Medulla Poetarum Romanorum II. 93 Climb at Court for me that will, Tottering Favour's Pinnacle! 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 254 To have reached the pinnacle of perfection. 1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm iv. 86 An almost sudden plunge from the pinnacle of high belief, into the bottomless gulf of universal scepticism. 1869 W. P. Mackay Grace & Truth (1875) 167 How can I reach the pinnacle of earthly fame? 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 267 This was the pinnacle of Hannibal's success, and a pinnacle indeed it was. 1903 H. Keller Story of my Life i. xiv. 50 This was the pinnacle of my happiness, from which I was in a little while dashed to earth. 1990 Boxing Illustr. Oct. 68/1 It should have ended then, with Muhammad Ali at the pinnacle of the most charismatic career in the history of boxing. Compounds General attributive, esp. in pinnacle rock. ΚΠ 1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night in Wks. (1883) III. 263 Nere those pinacle rocks called the Needles. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iv. 75 Height [of the temple] is not above three thousand Foot, and reckoning from the Ground to the highest Pinnacle top. 1837 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 57/2 The archway..is flanked with columns, niches, pediments, and crocketed pinnacle finials. 1890 Cent. Dict. Pinnacle work, in arch. and decoration, ornamental projections, especially at the top of any object. 1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 14 July 11/3 On her last voyage in the westward route the Dora struck a pinnacle rock and developed a serious leak. 1986 Scotsman 16 June 5 A Czechoslovak climber sustained fractured vertebrae when he fell 20ft while climbing the 200ft-high Old Man of Stoer pinnacle rock near Lochinver. Derivatives ˈpinnacle-like adj. ΚΠ 1872 F. V. Hayden Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. of Montana 79 Pinnacle-like columns, composed of the volcanic brecchia. 1901 Wide World Mag. 8 132/1 Jagged, pinnacle-like rocks. 2003 Irish Times (Nexis) 13 Feb. 14 3,000 extraordinary limestone pinnacle-like islands. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pinnaclev. Brit. /ˈpɪnᵻkl/, U.S. /ˈpɪnᵻk(ə)l/ Forms: see pinnacle n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pinnacle n. Etymology: < pinnacle n. 1. transitive. To form the pinnacle of; to surmount, top, crown. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] > occupy or form the top of crownc1430 pinnaclea1525 surmount1610 cresta1616 top1615 head1638 coronate1707 cap1807 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > bring to or form highest point to bring to a head1603 culminate1659 cumulate1660 climax1807 pinnacle1840 peak1887 a1525 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 250 The coveryng [of a Chapell]..paynted w^t Azur, and pynacled w^t Corven werk paynted and gilt. 1633 J. Fisher Fuimus Troes iii. iv Ye Whose lesser Turrets pinnacle Rome's head. 1738 Briton Described in J. Torbuck Coll. Welsh Trav. i. 44 The Summity of his Head is commonly Crown'd with a Monmouth Cap, and its Crown is commonly pinnacled with the Battlement of a Button. 1782 T. Warton Specimen Hist. Oxfordshire (1783) 8 The pediment of the southern Transept is pinnacled, not inelegantly, with a flourished Cross. 1840 R. H. Horne Gregory VII (ed. 2) i. i. 6 It pinnacles all crimes..Touching God's footstool with a sharp assault! 1942 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 18 May 6/2 Pinnacling the large square serving table was a huge basket of ice. 1999 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 7 Mar. l1 The dusty little desert city of St. George, Utah, pinnacled by a gleaming white Mormon temple. 2. transitive. Chiefly poetic. To set on or as on a pinnacle. Also (in quot. 1816): to cause to rise as a pinnacle. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] to set upc1290 mountc1300 erect1552 hoise1581 perch1648 pinnacle1656 spike1743 imperch1786 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > make high(er) [verb (transitive)] biga1400 risea1400 raise?a1425 inheynec1475 height1530 heighten1530 relieve1661 upshoot1804 pinnacle1816 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 15 To stand..pinacled on the highest point of the Temple, ready for precipitation. 1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III lxii. 36 The Alps, The palaces of Nature, whose vast walls Have pinnacled in clouds their snowy scalps. 1878 R. Browning Poets Croisic xxiii Such a mighty moment of success As pinnacled him..in full display, For the whole world to worship. 1925 E. Blunden Eng. Poems 43 What sweeter sight can ever charm the eye Than robin..pinnacled against the eager sky Daring the armies of the brazen cold? 1992 D. Dunnett King Hereafter (BNC) 690 The names of honour..were those of the signalmen. Pinnacled above an empty land into which..they sent the tidings from Soutra to Pentland. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1330v.a1525
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