Pleiadn.

Brit.

/ˈplʌɪəd/, U.S.

/ˈpliəd/

Inflections: Plural Pleiades Brit.

/ˈplʌɪədiːz/, U.S.

/ˈpliəˌdiz/, Pleiads;

Forms:

α. (In plural form) Old English Pliade, Middle English Pliadas, Middle English–1500s Pliades, Middle English–1500s Plyades, 1500s Pleiedes, 1500s– Pleiades, 1600s Pleyads, 1700s– Pleiads.

β. (In singular form) 1700s– Pleiad, 1800s Pleïad, 1900s– Pléiade (in sense 2), 1900s– Pleiade.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Plēïas.

Etymology: < classical Latin Plēïas, Plēas, Plīas (plural Plēïades , etc.) any one of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione, (plural or singular) the constellation of the Pleiades, (singular) one of the Pleiades < ancient Greek Πλειάς (Ionic Πληιάς ), plural Πλειάδες the constellation of the Pleiades, in Hellenistic Greek also (singular) a name given to the seven best Alexandrian tragic poets; compare -ad suffix¹. Compare Old French, Middle French pliades, Middle French Pleiades (French Pléiades), plural, the constellation of the Pleiades (beginning of 13th cent.), also Middle French Pleiade (French Pléiade) one of the stars of the constellation (1542 or earlier), a daughter of Atlas and Pleione (a1544 or earlier), the constellation of the Pleiades (in Pleiade celeste: 1718), name given to the best Alexandrian tragic poets (1869 (in pléiade alexandrine) or earlier: see note). Compare also Italian Pleiade (a1292 or earlier as pleiadi, plural; compare earlier pliades (1282 or earlier)).Some think that the classical name of the Pleiads was actually derived from ancient Greek πλεῖν to sail (see pleon n.¹), because the season of navigation began with their heliacal rising. In 1556 Ronsard used French Pléiade (in la septiesme Pleïade ‘the seventh Pleiad’) of his fellow poet Belleau, apparently comparing himself, Belleau, and five other poets of his brigade (compare brigade n.) to the constellation (i.e. sense 1), and at the same time alluding to the Greek name for a group of famous poets (compare e.g. Sainte-Beuve's discussion of this passage ( Tableau historique et critique de la poésie et du théatre français au XVIe siècle (1843) 65), which makes the comparison with the Alexandrians explicit). The comparison was taken up by Ronsard's opponents, who applied Pléiade to the whole group from 1563 onwards. Originally polemical, the term came to be accepted in literary criticism as Pléiade or La Pléiade (1597; compare sense 2). Later it was extended to other groups of illustrious people, especially when seven in number (a1846).

1. Astronomy. In plural (now usually with the). A prominent open cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus, usually spoken of as seven (also called seven sisters: see seven sisters n. 1), though there are several hundred, of which only six are easily visible to the naked eye; in early use also with singular agreement. Also in singular: each of the stars of this cluster (rare).According to Greek Mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione. The seven names, with those of the parents, have since Riccioli (1651) been individually applied to the nine brightest stars; of these Alcyone is of the third magnitude, Atlas, Electra, and Maia of the fourth, Merope and Taygete of the fifth, Pleione, Celaeno (or Celeno), and Asterope (a binary system) of the sixth. Ancient astronomers (Aratus, Eratosthenes, and others) agree that only six stars were (easily) visible. Yet the stars were named as a group of seven; as a result, various suggestions based on Greek mythology have been made as to which of the seven sisters was not represented by a star, and was thus the ‘Lost Pleiad’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > star-cluster > [noun] > Pleiades

PleiadOE

seven starsOE

seven sistersc1425

Virgilsc1440

brood-hen1526

hen and chickens1613

OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ix. §10. 70 Pliade sind gehatene ða seofon steorran, þe on hærfeste upagað, & ofer ealne winter scinað.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1320 (MED) The seconde [star] is noght vertules; Clota or elles Pliades It hatte.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xxxviii. 31 Whether thou schalt mowe ioyne togidere schynynge sterris Pliades? [margin that is, the seuen sterris; a1382 Douce 369(1) The shynende seue sterres].

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 99 (MED) The vith kalende of Juyn, when Pliades Appereth..the sterrys vii.

a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 45 (MED) A mayden..knew..the revolucion of Pliades.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. xi. f. 162 The goynge downe of the seuen starres cauled Vergiliae or Pleiades.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Job xxxviii. 31 Canst thou restraine the sweete influences of y^e Pleiades? or loose the bands of Orion?

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 374 The gray Dawn, and the Pleiades before him danc'd Shedding sweet influence.

1697 R. Blackmore King Arthur ix. 243 He gives Arcturus, and Orion Light, And bids the Pleiades adorn the Night.

1737 H. Baker tr. Virgil in Medulla Poetarum Romanorum II. 118 At length the Pleiads fading Beams gave Way, And dull Bootes languish'd into Day.

1751 B. Franklin Poor Richard's Almanack (1987) The Occultation of the Pleiades by the Moon each periodical month.

1818 Ld. Byron Beppo xiv. 8 Whose course and home we knew not, nor shall know, Like the lost Pleiad, seen no more below.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 93 Many a night I saw the Pleiads, rising thro' the mellow shade, Glitter like a swarm of fire-flies tangled in a silver braid.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. §71 The Pleiades..The six or seven stars visible to the naked eye become 60 or 70 when viewed in the telescope.

1905 A. M. Clerke Syst. Stars (ed. 2) xvii. 218 Maestlin, the tutor of Kepler, perceived fourteen, and mapped eleven Pleiades previously to the invention of the telescope.

1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 63/1 Lying a little to the left of Perseus is a beautiful group of stars known as the Pleiades.

1997 Daily Tel. 30 Sept. 20/1 There used to be competitions as to how many Pleiads one could see with the naked eye.

2003 New Scientist 1 Feb. 43/3 In the Andes potato farmers say that the clarity of the Pleiades star cluster in June predicts the timing of the rainy season.

2. figurative. In singular. A notable group of persons or things, esp. when seven in number.Originally and spec. applied to a group of seven French writers of the 16th cent. (in French called La Pléiade), led by Pierre de Ronsard and including Guillaume du Bellay.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > poet by period > [noun] > group of French Renaissance poets

Pleiad1710

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > fame or renown > famous or eminent person > [noun] > (group of) eminent people

greata1325

principalsa1425

the great and the good1624

constellationa1631

grand1667

Pleiad1856

prominenti1927

tycoonery1956

1710 tr. P. Bayle Hist. & Crit. Dict. III. 1763/1 (note) Stephen Jodelle, one of the French Pleiad, made a stanza upon Beza's being struck with the Plague while he was translating the Psalms.

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. i. 7 Dorat..was also one of the celebrated pleiad of French poets.

1856 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay V. 54 Donne, Chillingworth, Sir Thomas Browne, Jeremy Taylor, Milton, South, Barrow, form a pleïad, a constellation of seven golden stars, such as no literature can match.

1882 Illustr. London News 7 Oct. 371 Noriac was one of the brilliant pleiad of writers who formed the staff of the original weekly Figaro.

1912 E. Pound Prologomena in Poetry Rev. Feb. 74 It took the latinists of the Renaissance, and the Pleiade, and his own age of painted speech to prepare Shakespeare his tools.

1943 Mod. Lang. Notes 58 211 Like the Pléiade, he has distilled into his own vocabulary words from authors he has perused in various languages.

2004 TASS (Nexis) 22 Jan. The Communist Party leadership is hoping that the emerging new Pleiad of politicians will strengthen the communist movement.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pleiad
释义	Pleiadn. Brit. /ˈplʌɪəd/, U.S. /ˈpliəd/ Inflections: Plural Pleiades Brit. /ˈplʌɪədiːz/, U.S. /ˈpliəˌdiz/, Pleiads; Forms: α. (In plural form) Old English Pliade, Middle English Pliadas, Middle English–1500s Pliades, Middle English–1500s Plyades, 1500s Pleiedes, 1500s– Pleiades, 1600s Pleyads, 1700s– Pleiads. β. (In singular form) 1700s– Pleiad, 1800s Pleïad, 1900s– Pléiade (in sense 2), 1900s– Pleiade. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Plēïas. Etymology: < classical Latin Plēïas, Plēas, Plīas (plural Plēïades , etc.) any one of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione, (plural or singular) the constellation of the Pleiades, (singular) one of the Pleiades < ancient Greek Πλειάς (Ionic Πληιάς ), plural Πλειάδες the constellation of the Pleiades, in Hellenistic Greek also (singular) a name given to the seven best Alexandrian tragic poets; compare -ad suffix¹. Compare Old French, Middle French pliades, Middle French Pleiades (French Pléiades), plural, the constellation of the Pleiades (beginning of 13th cent.), also Middle French Pleiade (French Pléiade) one of the stars of the constellation (1542 or earlier), a daughter of Atlas and Pleione (a1544 or earlier), the constellation of the Pleiades (in Pleiade celeste: 1718), name given to the best Alexandrian tragic poets (1869 (in pléiade alexandrine) or earlier: see note). Compare also Italian Pleiade (a1292 or earlier as pleiadi, plural; compare earlier pliades (1282 or earlier)).Some think that the classical name of the Pleiads was actually derived from ancient Greek πλεῖν to sail (see pleon n.¹), because the season of navigation began with their heliacal rising. In 1556 Ronsard used French Pléiade (in la septiesme Pleïade ‘the seventh Pleiad’) of his fellow poet Belleau, apparently comparing himself, Belleau, and five other poets of his brigade (compare brigade n.) to the constellation (i.e. sense 1), and at the same time alluding to the Greek name for a group of famous poets (compare e.g. Sainte-Beuve's discussion of this passage ( Tableau historique et critique de la poésie et du théatre français au XVIe siècle (1843) 65), which makes the comparison with the Alexandrians explicit). The comparison was taken up by Ronsard's opponents, who applied Pléiade to the whole group from 1563 onwards. Originally polemical, the term came to be accepted in literary criticism as Pléiade or La Pléiade (1597; compare sense 2). Later it was extended to other groups of illustrious people, especially when seven in number (a1846). 1. Astronomy. In plural (now usually with the). A prominent open cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus, usually spoken of as seven (also called seven sisters: see seven sisters n. 1), though there are several hundred, of which only six are easily visible to the naked eye; in early use also with singular agreement. Also in singular: each of the stars of this cluster (rare).According to Greek Mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione. The seven names, with those of the parents, have since Riccioli (1651) been individually applied to the nine brightest stars; of these Alcyone is of the third magnitude, Atlas, Electra, and Maia of the fourth, Merope and Taygete of the fifth, Pleione, Celaeno (or Celeno), and Asterope (a binary system) of the sixth. Ancient astronomers (Aratus, Eratosthenes, and others) agree that only six stars were (easily) visible. Yet the stars were named as a group of seven; as a result, various suggestions based on Greek mythology have been made as to which of the seven sisters was not represented by a star, and was thus the ‘Lost Pleiad’. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > star-cluster > [noun] > Pleiades PleiadOE seven starsOE seven sistersc1425 Virgilsc1440 brood-hen1526 hen and chickens1613 OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ix. §10. 70 Pliade sind gehatene ða seofon steorran, þe on hærfeste upagað, & ofer ealne winter scinað. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1320 (MED) The seconde [star] is noght vertules; Clota or elles Pliades It hatte. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xxxviii. 31 Whether thou schalt mowe ioyne togidere schynynge sterris Pliades? [margin that is, the seuen sterris; a1382 Douce 369(1) The shynende seue sterres]. a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 99 (MED) The vith kalende of Juyn, when Pliades Appereth..the sterrys vii. a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 45 (MED) A mayden..knew..the revolucion of Pliades. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. xi. f. 162 The goynge downe of the seuen starres cauled Vergiliae or Pleiades. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Job xxxviii. 31 Canst thou restraine the sweete influences of y^e Pleiades? or loose the bands of Orion? 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 374 The gray Dawn, and the Pleiades before him danc'd Shedding sweet influence. View more context for this quotation 1697 R. Blackmore King Arthur ix. 243 He gives Arcturus, and Orion Light, And bids the Pleiades adorn the Night. 1737 H. Baker tr. Virgil in Medulla Poetarum Romanorum II. 118 At length the Pleiads fading Beams gave Way, And dull Bootes languish'd into Day. 1751 B. Franklin Poor Richard's Almanack (1987) The Occultation of the Pleiades by the Moon each periodical month. 1818 Ld. Byron Beppo xiv. 8 Whose course and home we knew not, nor shall know, Like the lost Pleiad, seen no more below. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 93 Many a night I saw the Pleiads, rising thro' the mellow shade, Glitter like a swarm of fire-flies tangled in a silver braid. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. §71 The Pleiades..The six or seven stars visible to the naked eye become 60 or 70 when viewed in the telescope. 1905 A. M. Clerke Syst. Stars (ed. 2) xvii. 218 Maestlin, the tutor of Kepler, perceived fourteen, and mapped eleven Pleiades previously to the invention of the telescope. 1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 63/1 Lying a little to the left of Perseus is a beautiful group of stars known as the Pleiades. 1997 Daily Tel. 30 Sept. 20/1 There used to be competitions as to how many Pleiads one could see with the naked eye. 2003 New Scientist 1 Feb. 43/3 In the Andes potato farmers say that the clarity of the Pleiades star cluster in June predicts the timing of the rainy season. 2. figurative. In singular. A notable group of persons or things, esp. when seven in number.Originally and spec. applied to a group of seven French writers of the 16th cent. (in French called La Pléiade), led by Pierre de Ronsard and including Guillaume du Bellay. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > poet by period > [noun] > group of French Renaissance poets Pleiad1710 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > fame or renown > famous or eminent person > [noun] > (group of) eminent people greata1325 principalsa1425 the great and the good1624 constellationa1631 grand1667 Pleiad1856 prominenti1927 tycoonery1956 1710 tr. P. Bayle Hist. & Crit. Dict. III. 1763/1 (note) Stephen Jodelle, one of the French Pleiad, made a stanza upon Beza's being struck with the Plague while he was translating the Psalms. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. i. 7 Dorat..was also one of the celebrated pleiad of French poets. 1856 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay V. 54 Donne, Chillingworth, Sir Thomas Browne, Jeremy Taylor, Milton, South, Barrow, form a pleïad, a constellation of seven golden stars, such as no literature can match. 1882 Illustr. London News 7 Oct. 371 Noriac was one of the brilliant pleiad of writers who formed the staff of the original weekly Figaro. 1912 E. Pound Prologomena in Poetry Rev. Feb. 74 It took the latinists of the Renaissance, and the Pleiade, and his own age of painted speech to prepare Shakespeare his tools. 1943 Mod. Lang. Notes 58 211 Like the Pléiade, he has distilled into his own vocabulary words from authors he has perused in various languages. 2004 TASS (Nexis) 22 Jan. The Communist Party leadership is hoping that the emerging new Pleiad of politicians will strengthen the communist movement. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
随便看	frumpishlier frumpishliest frumpishly frumpishness frumple frumpled frumps frumpy frumrese frumschaft frumth frundel frusemide frush frushing frushingly frushy frust frusta fruster frustillation frustrable frustraneous frustraneously frustrate