| 释义 |
pilchardn. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. The final -d in the β forms is apparently either excrescent or by analogy with -ard suffix (compare e.g. gurnard n.). Irish pilséir is probably < English.There is probably no connection with Shetland Scots pilk (noun) rod with a hook at the end for lifting fish out of the water, or its etymon pilk (verb) to catch fish with such a fishing rod (spec. use of pilch v.), or with this word's cognates in other Germanic languages (see pilch v.). N.E.D.(1906) at that entry compares Scots pilch a short fat person, but this shows a modern sense development of pilch n. (see Sc. National Dict. s.v. pilsh). Caithness Scots pelcher denoting the grey mullet Mugil chelo apparently shows a transferred use of the present word. the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > clupea pilchardus (pilchard) 1407 in C. M. Woolgar (1992) I. 324 In iiii thornbakes Ciiiixx pylchers emptis iii s. iiii d. 1530 J. Palsgrave 254/1 Pylcher a fysshe, sardine. 1542 A. Borde xxx. sig. M.iv He must not eate..fresshe heryng, pylcherdes, [etc.]. c1600 J. Norden (1728) 22 The..recheste fishing is of the leaste fishe which is called a pilcharde. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 33 Fooles are as like husbands, as Pilchers are to Herrings. View more context for this quotation 1711 No. 4941/2 Pilchers for the Streights. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre (1799) I. 263 The continuation and direction of these two bands, the pilchers of the South, and the herrings of the North, are nearly of the same length. 1813 H. Davy vi. 251 The refuse pilchards in Cornwall are used..as a manure. 1866 C. Kingsley I. v. 151 Savoury was the smell of fried pilchard. 1924 20 Sept. 673/2 The pilchards are tipped out of the baskets. 1959 184 Pilchards. A small fish resembling in appearance and flavour the herrings, but smaller. 1985 K. E. Banister in K. E. Banister & A. Campbell 40/2 The fish often marketed as sardines are the young of the pilchard, another herring species. the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > miscellaneous types 1637 T. Morton ii. vii. 90 There are greate store of Pilchers. 1775 (Libr. of Congr.) (1905) III. 503 Indian corn and fish are not to be had..except pilchards. 1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. 569 In Delaware Bay, the Potomac, and the Chesapeake, we meet with the ‘Alewife’, ‘Bay Alewife’, ‘Pilcher’ (Pilchard), and ‘Green-tail’ [as popular names for the menhaden]. c1939 (National Geographic Soc.) (rev. ed.) 244 [Sardinops sagax is] called pilchard in Washington and British Columbia, and California sardine in California. 1960 (Amer. Fisheries Soc.) (ed. 2) 10 False pilchard... Harengula clupeola. 1961 E. S. Herald 74/1 In the Australian region one of the most important commercial species is the pilchard, Sardinops neopilchardus. 2002 Aug. 9/1 Sharks, seals, seabirds, dolphins, and game fish converge on vast schools of Sardinops sagax, the South African pilchard, or sardine. society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > make profit > from small outlay 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini i. xlviii. 97 They have built commodious [printed ccmmodious] Inns to take Sturgeons with Pilcherts. [It. Doue hanno fabbricate commodissime Historie, per pigliarui degli Storioni con gli hami, inescati con le Sardelle.] 1705 tr. T. Boccalino ii. vi. 197 The Art of catching Sturgeons with Pilchards [It. l'arte felicissima di prender con le sardelle gli storioni], is nothing but wisely purchasing the inestimable Treasure of hearty Love and Affection, with prudent Liberality, and the Mony of Clemency. Compounds General attributive and objective. 1652 No. 27. 215 The Grubbs report, That the High and Mighty Pilcher-Catchers are now leavying every fift man from 16 to 60, throughout all the United Provinces, to be mustered and trained up on Land to make Sea-men. 1860 W. E. Boardman ii. 63 Four months of the year he plied his seine for pilchards, but he caught pilchard catchers the whole year round. 1649 J. Taylor 18 These men with their Families (being many in Number) are all maintained by Pilchard catching. 1837 N. Whittock et al. 243 The long seine for mackarel, herring, sprat, and pilchard catching, and wicker works for taking lobster. 1992 (U.S. Bureau of Census) I-3 Oyster farm; Pearl diving; Pilchard catching. 1675 R. Southwell in T. Birch (1757) III. 212 Hewers, who give directions to pilchard fishers, standing on high places over the sea. 1885 D. B. W. Sladen 59 In pensive mood I gazed upon your lights Guiding the pilchard-fisher through the gloom. 2002 Plan leaves fishers high & dry in nz.politics.announce (Usenet newsgroup) 18 Nov. ‘Why is the Minister not providing a preferential tendering regime..so those..pilchard fishers can afford to purchase quota and stay in business?’ Mr Heatley asked in Parliament this afternoon. 1824 F. Hitchins & S. Drew II. 471 The pilchard fishery furnishes the staple commodity of the place. 1931 E. G. Boulenger iv. 49 The Spotted Dogfish..causes great havoc to the Herring and Pilchard fisheries. 2000 39 302 Parliament's ready intervention to promote the pilchard fisheries of Cornwall and Devon [in the late eighteenth cent.]. 1664 in T. Birch (1756) i. 445 Mr. Southwell mentioned the art of pilchard-fishing in Ireland. 1724 H. Moll 23/2 The Cellars hereabouts fetch great Rents, at the Time of Pilchard Fishing, for curing those Fishes. 1994 8 Aug. 16/3 Fish could be processed in Cornish canneries like those which existed in the heyday of pilchard fishing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1407 |
