phylloxeran.

Brit.

/fᵻˈlɒks(ə)rə/,

/ˌfɪlɒkˈsɪərə/, U.S.

/fəˈlɑksərə/,

/ˌfɪləkˈsɪrə/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Phylloxera.

Etymology: < scientific Latin Phylloxera, genus name (Boyer de Fonscolombe 1834, in Ann. de la Soc. Entomol. de France 3 222, originally as Philloxera ) < phyllo- phyllo- comb. form + ancient Greek ξηρός dry (see xero- comb. form). Compare French phylloxéra (1873 denoting a plant louse which feeds on the roots and leaves of grapevines, 1874 denoting the disease of vines caused by this insect).

A gall-forming plant louse of the genus Phylloxera (family Phylloxeridae), or formerly included in this genus; esp. (more fully grape phylloxera, vine phylloxera) a destructive pest, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, which feeds on the roots and leaves of grapevines. Also (in form Phylloxera): the genus itself. Also: the disease of vines caused by such insects. Also figurative.Originally placed in the genus Phylloxera, the grape phylloxera has also been called Viteus vitifolii.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Phylloxeridae or genus Phylloxera

phylloxera1869

1869 Gardeners' Chron. 30 Jan. 109 M. Signoret..considered that the insect belongs to the genus Phylloxera.

1873 C. V. Riley Ann. Rep. Noxious Insects Missouri 57 The grape phylloxera... The term Phylloxera will..not only apply to the insect, but to its effect on the Vine.

1875 Amer. Cycl. XIII. 479/1 In 1873 Prof. J. E. Planchon was commissioned by the French government to visit America to study the phylloxera... The grape phylloxera is indigenous to the North American continent east of the Rocky mountains.

1883 Times 20 Nov. 4/3 Aphides, which live not on leaves or buds, but, as in the case of the dreaded vine phylloxera, in the small underground roots of plants.

1886 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 367 In 1865 the first appearance of the phylloxera in France occurred in the plateau of Pujant, near Roquemaure, on the right bank of the Rhone.

1897 Westm. Gaz. 7 May 1/3 Spite of his rosy cheeks, ‘la maladie des désabusés’, that phylloxera of the mental vineyard, holds him in its deadly grip.

1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xii. 248 The grape phylloxera (Phylloxera vitifoliae) is a common and injurious plant louse on grapes, especially on vinifera varieties.

1962 C. L. Metcalf & W. P. Flint Destructive & Useful Insects (ed. 4) vii. 411 It is only by taking advantage of the resistance of the American grape roots to the grape phylloxera..that we are able to grow European grapes in this country.

1986 C. O'Toole Encycl. Insects 60 A close relative of the true aphids is the Vine phylloxera which almost destroyed the European wine industry in the late 19th century, when it was introduced from North America.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.

phylloxera disease n.

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1884 Times 16 June 8/6 With respect to the phylloxera disease it appears that..the prospects of the French vineyards are now much less disheartening than they have been for several years past.

1974 D. R. Watson Georges Clemenceau iv. 83 The phylloxera disease in the vineyards, and the fall in grain prices, produced an agricultural depression.

phylloxera infestation n.

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1922 V. R. Gardner et al. Fund. Fruit Production xxxii. 590 The Vinifera grapes root readily from cuttings but the roots so formed are subject to phylloxera infestation.

1993 New Scientist 17 Apr. 27/2 By the time a phylloxera infestation is visible in the upper part of the plant as reduced foliage and small, poor quality grapes, the plant is doomed.

phylloxera-resistant adj.

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1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils xxv. 526 Viala was specially sent..to find..grafting stock which would resist the tendency to chlorosis which renders many of the American phylloxera-resistant vines useless to the viticulturists of France.

1961 M. Kiddle Men of Yesterday 415 In 1892, the Geelong vignerons were given permission to replant but in spite of the development of a phylloxera-resistant vine..the Victorian industry never recovered its former prosperity.

1994 Wine Spectator 31 Dec. 34/4 It produces those pure fruit flavors and supple tannins, and is planted with a phylloxera-resistant rootstock.

C2.

phylloxera mite n. (a) an acarid, Tyroglyphus (or Rhizoglyphus) phylloxerae, which attacks grape phylloxera; (b) (perhaps by confusion) the grape phylloxera.

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1890 Cent. Dict. Phylloxera-mite, an acarine, Tyroglyphus phylloxerae, one of the natural enemies of the vine-pest.

1989 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 21 May A combination of changing tastes, economic downturns and the spread of the phylloxera mite, which attacked the vine roots, saw Victoria's once-flourishing wine industry shrink.

Derivatives

phyˈlloxeral adj. now rare = phylloxeric adj.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [adjective] > hemimetabolous > relating to or characteristic of Hemiptera > belonging to or having characteristic of Homoptera > relating to Phylloxera

phylloxeric1886

phylloxeral1902

1902 Speaker 20 Sept. 646/2 Thanks to the beneficent influence of the phylloxeral crisis.

2000 D. King Patrick O'Brian xix. 294 ‘The experts tell me that in twenty years they will be more susceptible to the phylloxeral beetle,’ he told Bennett, with an impish grin, ‘but I don't care what happens in twenty years.’

phyˈlloxerated adj. [probably after French phylloxéré (1873)] now rare infested with phylloxera.

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the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > of or having disease caused by insect

cankeredc1522

cankerous1613

cankery1681

scabbed1693

grubbed1843

sedged1844

phylloxerated1879

phylloxerized1881

root-knot1888

stem-sick1890

scaly1894

1879 Times 3 Sept. 12/1 In the Charente-Inférieure 396,750 acres of vineyards are either destroyed or phylloxerated.

1999 Wines & Vines (Nexis) 80 42 The wine was made from a phylloxerated vineyard, and all the vines could do was produce a rose.

phylloˈxeric adj. [ < phylloxera n. + -ic suffix, after French phylloxérique (1875)] now rare relating to, concerned with phylloxera; (also) infested with phylloxera.

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phylloxeric1886

phylloxeral1902

1886 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 378 The inspector of the phylloxeric service reports that unless energetic measures are taken the vineyards of Portugal will be ruined.

1913 D. Grant tr. E. Bourcart Insecticides, Fungicides & Weedkillers iii. 74 The carbon disulphide used in the beginning of the phylloxeric invasion, having too often caused the death of the vine, it was thought that by dissolving the sulphide in water it would be less hurtful.

1996 H. W. Paul Science, Vine & Wine Mod. France viii. 247 Organizations and their congresses played a key role in times of crisis, as in the preservation and eventual reconstitution of the phylloxeric vineyards.

phyˈlloxerized adj. now rare = phylloxerated adj.

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