phylarchn.

Brit.

/ˈfʌɪlɑːk/, U.S.

/ˈfaɪˌlɑrk/

Forms: 1500s phylarche, 1500s–1700s philarch, 1500s– phylarch, 1900s– philarche (rare).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phȳlarchus.

Etymology: < classical Latin phȳlarchus leader or chief of a tribe, chief official of a Greek phyle < ancient Greek ϕύλαρχος chief official of a phyle, (in Attica) commander of the cavalry of a phyle < ϕυλή tribe (see phyle n.) + -αρχος -arch comb. form¹. With sense 3 compare French phylarque (1732).

1. In idealized commonwealths proposed by various 16th- and 17th-cent. writers, esp. the Utopia of Sir Thomas More: a high-ranking magistrate. Also: the administrative officials collectively of any division of the people in Harrington's Oceana.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > [noun] > in ideal commonwealth

phylarch1551

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Hiiii^v Euerye thyrty families or fermes chewse them yearlye an offycer, whyche in their olde language is called the Syphograunte, & by a newer name the Phylarche [L. phylarchum].

1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 76 All and every one of these Magistrates, together with the Justices of Peace: and the Jury-men of the Hundreds,..are the Prerogative Troop or Phylarch of the Tribe.

1657 Mercurius Politicus 2–9 Apr. in J. Raymond Making News (1993) viii. 378 He tells us of his Nebulosa, (or Nebulones, if you please) his Phylarchs, his Tribes, his Censors, his Knights Errant, and Garbatissimi Signori, whom he calls the most compleat Gentlemen of this Age.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 407 During twenty years the chief employment of busy and ingenious men had been to frame constitutions..All the nomenclature..of the imaginary government was fully set forth,..Phylarchs, Tribes [etc.].

1945 Z. S. Fink Classical Republicans xxi. 21 Over every ten syphograuntes and the families under them was a chief philarche or tranibore.

2. Chiefly Ancient Greek History. In ancient Greece: the ruler or leader of a phyle. Also more generally: a tribal or clan chief.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > ancient Greek

phylarch1656

1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 56 Moses chose able men..and made them heads over the people, (Tribunes..or Phylarches, that is) Princes of the Tribes.

1659 J. Harrington Art of Law-giving ii. ii. 13 These degrees were of two sorts: first, Phylarches, or Princes of Tribes; and secondly, Patriarches, or Princes of Families.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iii. 32 One of the Numidian petty Princes, called by Greek Authors Philarchs, and by the Arabs &c. Sheikhs.

1851 W. Smith School Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 317/1 In the later period of the republic and under the empire, the Romans seem to have used the title (as also those of ethnarch and phylarch) to designate those tributary princes who were not of sufficient importance to be called kings.

1861 W. Muir Life Mahomet (new ed.) I. Introd. 183 The Romans recognized as kings or phylarchs of the Syrian Arabs the chiefs of the Bani Salih.

1918 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics X. 298/2 In the New Kingdom the musician priestesses, like the priests, were divided into phylae with a priestess as phylarch.

1997 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 101 513/1 In A.D. 528, the Ghassanids became reconciled with the Byzantines, and Abu Karib was named a phylarch.

3. Ancient Greek History. In Attica: an officer elected to command the cavalry of each of the ten phylai.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > specific rank of cavalry officer > in ancient Greece

hipparch1656

phylarch1830

1830 J. W. Warter tr. Aristophanes Birds in tr. Aristophanes Acharnians 214 Diitrephes, with only wicker wings, was chosen Phylarch,—next, Hipparch.

1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. viii. 607 The tribe appears to have been the only military classification known to Athens, and the taxiarch the only tribe officer for infantry, as the phylarch was for cavalry, under the general-in-chief.

1953 Hesperia 22 51 Ten Phylarchs, one from each tribe, commanded the tribal regiments.

1999 N. F. Jones Assoc. of Anc. Athens 188 Another person, undoubtedly a phylarch too, who had led his phyletai to victory in the anthippasia.

Derivatives

phyˈlarchic adj. now rare = phylarchical adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [adjective] > relating to rule by tribal leaders

phylarchic1819

phylarchical1861

1819 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 5 640 Feelings of decent reverence for the old phylarchic aristocracies of England.

1894 B. Löwy tr. H. Graetz Hist. Jews (1949) III. iii. 61 The members of a family among the Arabs were indissolubly bound to one another, and, according to their phylarchic constitution, the individuals identified themselves with the tribe.

phyˈlarchical adj. of or relating to phylarchs, tribal government, or the rule of great families.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [adjective] > relating to rule by tribal leaders

phylarchic1819

phylarchical1861

1861 W. Muir Life Mahomet (new ed.) I. Introd. 146 The national tradition and poetry of the Arabs,..with respect to genealogical and phylarchical events.

1999 C. Kidd Brit. Identities before Nationalism vi. 134 The same whig establishment in Scotland which was legitimised by reference to the authority of phylarchical elections 2,000 years previously was committed to the extirpation of clanship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phylarch
释义	phylarchn. Brit. /ˈfʌɪlɑːk/, U.S. /ˈfaɪˌlɑrk/ Forms: 1500s phylarche, 1500s–1700s philarch, 1500s– phylarch, 1900s– philarche (rare). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phȳlarchus. Etymology: < classical Latin phȳlarchus leader or chief of a tribe, chief official of a Greek phyle < ancient Greek ϕύλαρχος chief official of a phyle, (in Attica) commander of the cavalry of a phyle < ϕυλή tribe (see phyle n.) + -αρχος -arch comb. form¹. With sense 3 compare French phylarque (1732). 1. In idealized commonwealths proposed by various 16th- and 17th-cent. writers, esp. the Utopia of Sir Thomas More: a high-ranking magistrate. Also: the administrative officials collectively of any division of the people in Harrington's Oceana. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > [noun] > in ideal commonwealth phylarch1551 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Hiiii^v Euerye thyrty families or fermes chewse them yearlye an offycer, whyche in their olde language is called the Syphograunte, & by a newer name the Phylarche [L. phylarchum]. 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 76 All and every one of these Magistrates, together with the Justices of Peace: and the Jury-men of the Hundreds,..are the Prerogative Troop or Phylarch of the Tribe. 1657 Mercurius Politicus 2–9 Apr. in J. Raymond Making News (1993) viii. 378 He tells us of his Nebulosa, (or Nebulones, if you please) his Phylarchs, his Tribes, his Censors, his Knights Errant, and Garbatissimi Signori, whom he calls the most compleat Gentlemen of this Age. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 407 During twenty years the chief employment of busy and ingenious men had been to frame constitutions..All the nomenclature..of the imaginary government was fully set forth,..Phylarchs, Tribes [etc.]. 1945 Z. S. Fink Classical Republicans xxi. 21 Over every ten syphograuntes and the families under them was a chief philarche or tranibore. 2. Chiefly Ancient Greek History. In ancient Greece: the ruler or leader of a phyle. Also more generally: a tribal or clan chief. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > ancient Greek phylarch1656 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 56 Moses chose able men..and made them heads over the people, (Tribunes..or Phylarches, that is) Princes of the Tribes. 1659 J. Harrington Art of Law-giving ii. ii. 13 These degrees were of two sorts: first, Phylarches, or Princes of Tribes; and secondly, Patriarches, or Princes of Families. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iii. 32 One of the Numidian petty Princes, called by Greek Authors Philarchs, and by the Arabs &c. Sheikhs. 1851 W. Smith School Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 317/1 In the later period of the republic and under the empire, the Romans seem to have used the title (as also those of ethnarch and phylarch) to designate those tributary princes who were not of sufficient importance to be called kings. 1861 W. Muir Life Mahomet (new ed.) I. Introd. 183 The Romans recognized as kings or phylarchs of the Syrian Arabs the chiefs of the Bani Salih. 1918 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics X. 298/2 In the New Kingdom the musician priestesses, like the priests, were divided into phylae with a priestess as phylarch. 1997 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 101 513/1 In A.D. 528, the Ghassanids became reconciled with the Byzantines, and Abu Karib was named a phylarch. 3. Ancient Greek History. In Attica: an officer elected to command the cavalry of each of the ten phylai. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > specific rank of cavalry officer > in ancient Greece hipparch1656 phylarch1830 1830 J. W. Warter tr. Aristophanes Birds in tr. Aristophanes Acharnians 214 Diitrephes, with only wicker wings, was chosen Phylarch,—next, Hipparch. 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. viii. 607 The tribe appears to have been the only military classification known to Athens, and the taxiarch the only tribe officer for infantry, as the phylarch was for cavalry, under the general-in-chief. 1953 Hesperia 22 51 Ten Phylarchs, one from each tribe, commanded the tribal regiments. 1999 N. F. Jones Assoc. of Anc. Athens 188 Another person, undoubtedly a phylarch too, who had led his phyletai to victory in the anthippasia. Derivatives phyˈlarchic adj. now rare = phylarchical adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [adjective] > relating to rule by tribal leaders phylarchic1819 phylarchical1861 1819 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 5 640 Feelings of decent reverence for the old phylarchic aristocracies of England. 1894 B. Löwy tr. H. Graetz Hist. Jews (1949) III. iii. 61 The members of a family among the Arabs were indissolubly bound to one another, and, according to their phylarchic constitution, the individuals identified themselves with the tribe. phyˈlarchical adj. of or relating to phylarchs, tribal government, or the rule of great families. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [adjective] > relating to rule by tribal leaders phylarchic1819 phylarchical1861 1861 W. Muir Life Mahomet (new ed.) I. Introd. 146 The national tradition and poetry of the Arabs,..with respect to genealogical and phylarchical events. 1999 C. Kidd Brit. Identities before Nationalism vi. 134 The same whig establishment in Scotland which was legitimised by reference to the authority of phylarchical elections 2,000 years previously was committed to the extirpation of clanship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1551
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