phthisisn.

Brit.

/ˈ(f)θʌɪsɪs/,

/ˈtʌɪsɪs/, U.S.

/ˈθaɪsəs/,

/ˈtaɪsəs/

Forms:

α. 1500s ptisim, 1500s ptisym.

β. 1500s ptisis, 1500s ptisys, 1500s tisis, 1500s– phthisis, 1600s–1700s pthisis, 1700s phthysis.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin phthisis, pthisis.

Etymology: < classical Latin phthisis (also pthisis) consumption, pulmonary tuberculosis < ancient Greek ϕθίσις wasting, consumption < the stem ϕθι- of ϕθίνειν to decay, waste away ( < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit kṣiti decay, ruin) + -σις -sis suffix. Compare Middle French ptisis, tisis (a1365 as ptisis; also as tesie, tisie (14th cent.) and phtisie (1545); French phtisie), Spanish tisis (a1260 as ptisis), Catalan tisi (1492 as ptisis).The α. forms are after the Latin accusative form in -im. Compare the following Older Scots forms ( < Middle French pthisie):?a1591 King James VI & I Poems (1955) I. 167 Phtisie [1591 ptisie].1641 in J. Maidment Analecta Scotica (1834) I. 134 He had contracted a spitting of blood which was followed with a perfect phtissi. N.E.D. (1906) gives only the pronunciations (þəi·sis, fþi·sis) /ˈθaɪsɪs/ /ˈfθɪsɪs/. Most 19th-cent. dictionaries give the former; a few give initial /t/ or /fθ/ and/or short i. Combinations of these are also given in 20th-cent. dictionaries.

Medicine.

a. A wasting disease, esp. one involving the lungs; spec. tuberculosis. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > [noun] > consumption

phthisic1301

consumptiona1398

phthisis1525

studious consumption1666

consumptiveness1677

colliquitation1720

decay1725

wearing1824

consumptivity1889

1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. sig. Liij^v/2 Dothe the parsone falle in ptisym and to outdryeng of the naturally moystnes.

1526 Grete Herball sig. Ddiii^v/1 Tisis is a percing of the lightes, for whan they be perced or greued than the pacyent spytteth blode day by day, and that is named tisis.

1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Dj. Ptisim, that is a brethe comynge of the longues.

1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&.v^v/2 Phthisis in Greke signifyeth wastyng..a consumption as we call it.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. lxvi. 896 Another kinde of disease with which birds are troubled is called the subtile disease pthisis.

1659 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Nutrition x. 157 In a Phthisis, or Consumption from ulcerated Lungs, Cephalique Emplastres..are found by experience to be very beneficial to the sick.

1756 T. Gray Wks. (1825) II. 192 For which I shall beg you to prescribe me something strengthening and agglutinant, lest it turn to a confirmed phthisis.

1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature & Cure Calculus 130 The inconsiderable number of sailors who die of phthisis.

1821 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest i. ii. v. 204 The author..considers the pneumo-thorax as an affection always consequent to and depending on a latent phthisis.

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 157 In several towns the phthisis death-rate had undergone a notable decrease since the introduction of an improved system of sewerage.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 6 Aug. 2/1 A number of phthisis patients.

1925 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 10 Mar. 255/1 Sanocrysin... Medicine for phthisis. Claims use since Mar. 16, 1924.

1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) xiv. 137 The flat chest is, on the whole, a mis-leading guide to chronic pulmonary disease, notably phthisis.

1992 Science 21 Aug. 1056/1 Probably first described in Indian texts, pulmonary TB was known from the time of Hippocrates..as phthisis.

b. With distinguishing (English or Latin) word: tuberculosis of a specific organ or anatomical site. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1722 D. Turner Art of Surg. I. 48 Thus we see daily the dire Effects of the Small Pox, Measles, Scarlet Fever, and other inflammatory Disorders of the Blood, falling heavy upon the Lungs, and laying the Foundation of Pulmonary Phthisis.

1765 tr. G. van Swieten Comm. Aphorisms Boerhaave XII. 1 If an ulcer has so far consumed the lungs, as that the whole habit of the body is wasted, the patient is said to have a Phthisis Pulmonalis.

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 204 The prodigious numbers received from the ships of war and marine barracks, labouring under Phthisis Pulmonalis.

1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 60/2 The ‘fatty liver’ is a frequent attendant on pulmonary phthisis.

1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 92 I made an analysis of pus which was discharged with the urine in [a case of] phthisis vesicæ.

1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 300 By pulmonary phthisis is understood a disease of the lungs which is characterized by progressive consolidation of the pulmonary texture, and by the subsequent softening and disintegration of the consolidated tissue.

1891 Lancet 3 Oct. 753/1 The aspect of the patient labouring under malignant disease will differ from one whose emaciation is due to phthisis.

1924 Amer. Rev. Tuberculosis: Abstr. Tuberculosis 10 24/2 Inoculation of human tubercle bacilli into the tonsils or soft palate in rabbits of different ages resulted in a tuberculosis running the course of pulmonary phthisis.

c. figurative. rare.

ΚΠ

1881 J. Martineau Relation betw. Ethics & Relig. (ed. 2) 14 The delirium of passion, the grasp of cupidity, the phthisis of romance.

1887 I. F. Hapgood tr. V. Hugo Les Misérables II. vii. iii. 196 Monasticism, such as it existed in Spain, and such as it still exists in Thibet, is a sort of phthisis for civilization.

2. Chiefly with distinguishing word: any of various forms of pneumoconiosis. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > caused by dust or fibre

stone-cutter's disease or phthisis1540

phthisis1821

black lung1837

anthracosis1838

shoddy fever1851

potter's consumption1863

siderosis1869

collier's phthisis1871

iron lung1872

chalicosis1878

pneumonoconiosis1878

tabacosis1879

byssinosis1881

pneumoconiosis1881

silicosis1881

potter's rot1895

fur-fever1905

stonemason's lung1905

asbestosis1927

anthracosilicosis1929

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis1935

bagassosis1941

bagasse1943

berylliosis1943

thesaurosis1958

1821 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest i. i. ix. 136 I think he [sc. Bayle] has been equally wrong in classing melanosis of the lungs as a species of phthisis.

1829 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) III. 257 Dr. Alison..adverts to the frequency of phthisis in masons, as is supposed from the irritation of the particles of sand inhaled.

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 59/1 When ulceration results from this cause [sc. anthracosis], black phthisis..exists.

1871 T. Watson Lect. Physic (ed. 5) II. 251 [The disease] has been sometimes called spurious melanosis sometimes Collier's Phthisis.

1881 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 186 Chalicosis pulmonum is the name given to the pulmonary changes induced by the inhalation of stone-dust. It is also called stone-cutter's phthisis.

1893 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Dust Phthisis, a variety of fibroid phthisis set up by..dust..in certain industries.

1909 W. G. Spence Australia's Awakening 27 A form of phthisis called ‘miner's lung’ overtook men after a few years, and led to a..lingering death.

1918 Act 8 & 9 Geo. V c. 14 (title) The disease known as fibroid phthisis or silicosis of the lungs.

3. Ophthalmology. More fully phthisis bulbi. Atrophy of the entire eye, with shrinkage of the globe.

ΚΠ

1872 E. Tietze tr. H. Goullon Scrofulous Affections 66 The lens may drop out, and phthisis bulbi take place.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 334/1 P[hthisis] bulbi, atrophy of the eyeball.

1931 Nomencl. Dis. (ed. 6) 19 Shrunken eyeball (phthisis bulbi).

1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xviii. 236 The eye may become soft and tender and enter into the condition of phthisis bulbi.

1979 Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 88 483/1 Cyclitic membranes may form, leading to hypotony and phthisis.

1995 McGill Jrnl. Med. Spring 65/1 Progressive ROP can lead to legal blindness, closed-angle glaucoma, phthisis bulbi (shrunken globe), and entropion.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phthisis
释义	phthisisn. Brit. /ˈ(f)θʌɪsɪs/, /ˈtʌɪsɪs/, U.S. /ˈθaɪsəs/, /ˈtaɪsəs/ Forms: α. 1500s ptisim, 1500s ptisym. β. 1500s ptisis, 1500s ptisys, 1500s tisis, 1500s– phthisis, 1600s–1700s pthisis, 1700s phthysis. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin phthisis, pthisis. Etymology: < classical Latin phthisis (also pthisis) consumption, pulmonary tuberculosis < ancient Greek ϕθίσις wasting, consumption < the stem ϕθι- of ϕθίνειν to decay, waste away ( < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit kṣiti decay, ruin) + -σις -sis suffix. Compare Middle French ptisis, tisis (a1365 as ptisis; also as tesie, tisie (14th cent.) and phtisie (1545); French phtisie), Spanish tisis (a1260 as ptisis), Catalan tisi (1492 as ptisis).The α. forms are after the Latin accusative form in -im. Compare the following Older Scots forms ( < Middle French pthisie):?a1591 King James VI & I Poems (1955) I. 167 Phtisie [1591 ptisie].1641 in J. Maidment Analecta Scotica (1834) I. 134 He had contracted a spitting of blood which was followed with a perfect phtissi. N.E.D. (1906) gives only the pronunciations (þəi·sis, fþi·sis) /ˈθaɪsɪs/ /ˈfθɪsɪs/. Most 19th-cent. dictionaries give the former; a few give initial /t/ or /fθ/ and/or short i. Combinations of these are also given in 20th-cent. dictionaries. Medicine. 1. a. A wasting disease, esp. one involving the lungs; spec. tuberculosis. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > [noun] > consumption phthisic1301 consumptiona1398 phthisis1525 studious consumption1666 consumptiveness1677 colliquitation1720 decay1725 wearing1824 consumptivity1889 1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. sig. Liij^v/2 Dothe the parsone falle in ptisym and to outdryeng of the naturally moystnes. 1526 Grete Herball sig. Ddiii^v/1 Tisis is a percing of the lightes, for whan they be perced or greued than the pacyent spytteth blode day by day, and that is named tisis. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Dj. Ptisim, that is a brethe comynge of the longues. 1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&.v^v/2 Phthisis in Greke signifyeth wastyng..a consumption as we call it. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. lxvi. 896 Another kinde of disease with which birds are troubled is called the subtile disease pthisis. 1659 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Nutrition x. 157 In a Phthisis, or Consumption from ulcerated Lungs, Cephalique Emplastres..are found by experience to be very beneficial to the sick. 1756 T. Gray Wks. (1825) II. 192 For which I shall beg you to prescribe me something strengthening and agglutinant, lest it turn to a confirmed phthisis. 1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature & Cure Calculus 130 The inconsiderable number of sailors who die of phthisis. 1821 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest i. ii. v. 204 The author..considers the pneumo-thorax as an affection always consequent to and depending on a latent phthisis. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 157 In several towns the phthisis death-rate had undergone a notable decrease since the introduction of an improved system of sewerage. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 6 Aug. 2/1 A number of phthisis patients. 1925 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 10 Mar. 255/1 Sanocrysin... Medicine for phthisis. Claims use since Mar. 16, 1924. 1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) xiv. 137 The flat chest is, on the whole, a mis-leading guide to chronic pulmonary disease, notably phthisis. 1992 Science 21 Aug. 1056/1 Probably first described in Indian texts, pulmonary TB was known from the time of Hippocrates..as phthisis. b. With distinguishing (English or Latin) word: tuberculosis of a specific organ or anatomical site. Now rare. ΚΠ 1722 D. Turner Art of Surg. I. 48 Thus we see daily the dire Effects of the Small Pox, Measles, Scarlet Fever, and other inflammatory Disorders of the Blood, falling heavy upon the Lungs, and laying the Foundation of Pulmonary Phthisis. 1765 tr. G. van Swieten Comm. Aphorisms Boerhaave XII. 1 If an ulcer has so far consumed the lungs, as that the whole habit of the body is wasted, the patient is said to have a Phthisis Pulmonalis. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 204 The prodigious numbers received from the ships of war and marine barracks, labouring under Phthisis Pulmonalis. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 60/2 The ‘fatty liver’ is a frequent attendant on pulmonary phthisis. 1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 92 I made an analysis of pus which was discharged with the urine in [a case of] phthisis vesicæ. 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 300 By pulmonary phthisis is understood a disease of the lungs which is characterized by progressive consolidation of the pulmonary texture, and by the subsequent softening and disintegration of the consolidated tissue. 1891 Lancet 3 Oct. 753/1 The aspect of the patient labouring under malignant disease will differ from one whose emaciation is due to phthisis. 1924 Amer. Rev. Tuberculosis: Abstr. Tuberculosis 10 24/2 Inoculation of human tubercle bacilli into the tonsils or soft palate in rabbits of different ages resulted in a tuberculosis running the course of pulmonary phthisis. c. figurative. rare. ΚΠ 1881 J. Martineau Relation betw. Ethics & Relig. (ed. 2) 14 The delirium of passion, the grasp of cupidity, the phthisis of romance. 1887 I. F. Hapgood tr. V. Hugo Les Misérables II. vii. iii. 196 Monasticism, such as it existed in Spain, and such as it still exists in Thibet, is a sort of phthisis for civilization. 2. Chiefly with distinguishing word: any of various forms of pneumoconiosis. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > caused by dust or fibre stone-cutter's disease or phthisis1540 phthisis1821 black lung1837 anthracosis1838 shoddy fever1851 potter's consumption1863 siderosis1869 collier's phthisis1871 iron lung1872 chalicosis1878 pneumonoconiosis1878 tabacosis1879 byssinosis1881 pneumoconiosis1881 silicosis1881 potter's rot1895 fur-fever1905 stonemason's lung1905 asbestosis1927 anthracosilicosis1929 pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis1935 bagassosis1941 bagasse1943 berylliosis1943 thesaurosis1958 1821 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest i. i. ix. 136 I think he [sc. Bayle] has been equally wrong in classing melanosis of the lungs as a species of phthisis. 1829 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) III. 257 Dr. Alison..adverts to the frequency of phthisis in masons, as is supposed from the irritation of the particles of sand inhaled. 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 59/1 When ulceration results from this cause [sc. anthracosis], black phthisis..exists. 1871 T. Watson Lect. Physic (ed. 5) II. 251 [The disease] has been sometimes called spurious melanosis sometimes Collier's Phthisis. 1881 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 186 Chalicosis pulmonum is the name given to the pulmonary changes induced by the inhalation of stone-dust. It is also called stone-cutter's phthisis. 1893 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Dust Phthisis, a variety of fibroid phthisis set up by..dust..in certain industries. 1909 W. G. Spence Australia's Awakening 27 A form of phthisis called ‘miner's lung’ overtook men after a few years, and led to a..lingering death. 1918 Act 8 & 9 Geo. V c. 14 (title) The disease known as fibroid phthisis or silicosis of the lungs. 3. Ophthalmology. More fully phthisis bulbi. Atrophy of the entire eye, with shrinkage of the globe. ΚΠ 1872 E. Tietze tr. H. Goullon Scrofulous Affections 66 The lens may drop out, and phthisis bulbi take place. 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 334/1 P[hthisis] bulbi, atrophy of the eyeball. 1931 Nomencl. Dis. (ed. 6) 19 Shrunken eyeball (phthisis bulbi). 1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xviii. 236 The eye may become soft and tender and enter into the condition of phthisis bulbi. 1979 Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 88 483/1 Cyclitic membranes may form, leading to hypotony and phthisis. 1995 McGill Jrnl. Med. Spring 65/1 Progressive ROP can lead to legal blindness, closed-angle glaucoma, phthisis bulbi (shrunken globe), and entropion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1525
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