Phrygiann.adj.

Brit.

/ˈfrɪdʒɪən/, U.S.

/ˈfrɪdʒiən/

Forms: late Middle English Frigien, late Middle English Frygien, late Middle English Phirigian, late Middle English–1700s Phrigian, 1500s Frygian, 1500s Phrygyan, 1500s–1600s Phrigien, 1500s– Phrygian, 1600s Frigian; Scottish pre-1700 Phrygiane, pre-1700 Phrygyane, pre-1700 1700s– Phrygian.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Phrygia , -an suffix.

Etymology: < Phrygia (classical Latin Phrygia, ancient Greek Φρυγία), the name of an ancient region of west central Asia Minor + -an suffix. Compare classical Latin Phrygius, ancient Greek Φρύγιος Phrygian (adjective).With use in music (see sense B. 2) compare classical Latin Phrygius modus Phrygian mode, Phrygius sonus , Phrygius phthongus Phrygian sound, ancient Greek Φρυγίοι νόμοι , Φρύγια μέλεα Phrygian music, Hellenistic Greek Φρύγιος τόνος Phrygian mode. With sense B. 2 compare French phrygien , adjective (1546 in Middle French in this sense; 1553 in sense B. 1; compare also earlier frigiste, adjective (a1374)). Phrygia occurs as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards (in various forms, including Old English Frygia, Friga, Old English, Middle English, and early modern English Frigia, Middle English Frygye, early modern English Phrigia, Phrygie, Phrigie; the form Phrygia is attested from at least the 16th cent.).

A. n.

a. Ancient History. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia, an ancient region of west central Asia Minor, to the south of Bithynia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [noun]

MedeeOE

PartheOE

PuniceOE

NineviteOE

Trojanc1330

sodomitea1382

Phoeniciana1387

Macedonianc1400

Parthianc1400

Macedonc1440

Phrygian?1473

Mycenaeanc1487

Tyrian1513

Sidonian?1520

Galatian1526

Canaanite1530

Cananaean1534

Milesian1550

Sogdian1553

Syrophœnician1560

Molossian1563

Hyrcanian1567

Palmyrene1567

Pergamenian1579

Smyrnian1579

Mysian1581

Carthaginian1592

Punican1595

Lycian1598

Smyrnaean1598

Phocaean1600

Gallo-greeks1601

Iberian1601

Minaean1601

Susian1601

Cappadocian1607

Carian1607

Paphlagonian1607

Hamathite1611

Pergamene1612

Byzantiana1620

Gallo-graecians1619

Chalcidian1654

Philadelphiana1680

Xanthian1685

Palmyrenian1697

Isaurian1776

Dardan1813

Byzantine1836

Bœotian1839

Ilian1847

Susianian1874

Libyo-Phœnician1876

Khaldian1882

Mitannian1907

Iconian1911

Petraean1923

Lycaonian1926

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 255 Whan we wole mene þat þei Troians beeþ feerful, we cleped hem Frigios.]

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 67 The troyans cam vpon his ofte and smote doun right vpon the Frygiens.

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 303 It fortuned so that the Phrigians hugely were anoyed with the plaige pestilenciall.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 174^v (side note) It was named of Pelops y^e sonne of Tantalus kyng of the Phrygians.

1596 R. Johnson Famous Hist. Seauen Champions xiv. 133 Of Parthians ten thousand and three hundred. Of Phrigians seauen thousand and two hundred.

1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 115 The Phrygians, Cilicians, and Arabians were very skilfull augurs, or diviners by the flight of birds.

1703 M. Chudleigh Song of Three Children in Poems Several Occasions See, from their Seats superior Pow'rs descend, And on the Phrygians and the Greeks attend.

1741 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 206/1 There are some obscure Accounts..of a War between the Amazons and the Phrygians.

1822 T. Taylor tr. Apuleius Metamorphosis 264 The primogenial Phrygians call me [sc. Cybele] Pessinuntica.

1882 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 3 342 Such faults of grammar and metre as occur in this inscription show that the Phrygians spoke very bad Greek.

1963 Times 12 Jan. 9/6 It sounded like an Aesop's fable (and it occurred suddenly to me that Aesop, a Phrygian, had lived near Sivrihisar).

1997 L. Motz Faces of Goddess vii. 100 The Hittites had employed cuneiform writing, and the Phrygians used the letters of Greek script.

b. The Indo-European language of the ancient Phrygians.The precise affiliation of Phrygian within the Indo-European language family is unclear; it shares more features with Greek than with any other Indo-European language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated as early Indo-European

Pelasgic1767

Phrygian1793

Thracian1879

Pelasgian1925

1793 W. Jones in Asiatick Researches 3 14 A drum is called dindima both in Sanscrit and Phrygian.

1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 3 Of others we have only very scanty fragments left,..as of Phrygian.

1933 C. D. Buck Compar. Gram. Greek & Latin 13 Phrygian is known, apart from proper names and glosses, from a few old inscriptions in an archaic Greek alphabet and some others of Christian times.

1991 Language 67 414/1 Phrygian is both closely related to Greek and preserved in part through Greek testimony.

2. Church History. = Montanist n. Cf. Cataphrygian n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > other sects and movements > Montanism > [noun] > person

Montanist1565

Pepuzian1565

Cataphrygian1607

Phrygian1607

Proclian1619

Priscillian1620

Proclianite1648

Pepusite1655

Priscillianist1685

Tertullianist1710

1607 T. Rogers Faith, Doctr., & Relig. 82 This truth is gainesaid by the Phrygians.

1837 Encycl. Brit. XV. 426/2 Montanists..are sometimes styled Phrygians and Cataphrygians.

1992 R. S. Kraemer Her Share of Blessings (1993) xi. 158 According to Hippolytus, the Phrygians engaged in new fasts, feasts, meals of dry food..and of radishes.

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or associated with ancient Phrygia, its people, or their language.

ΚΠ

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aii O Quene, it is thy wil, I shold renew a woe can not be told: How that the Grekes did spoile, and ouerthrow The Phrygian wealth, and wailful realm of Troy.

1561 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Hercules Furens sig. E 3 And sory stone yet flowes with teares in Phrygian Sipylye.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iii. xvi. 273 The Phrygian Metropolis.

1649 R. Baron Apologie for Paris sig. A7^v Th'hot Phrygian Prince thought it not much to come To scarse known Greece, from remote Ilium.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 69 As yerst the Phrygian Knight, So ours..did smite His Trojan horse.

1714 C. Johnson Victim i. 12 Let us mourn in Blood, In Phrigian Blood—Let Hector's swelling Veins Shed purple Drops.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music at Trigonum An instrument supposed to have been of Phrygian invention.

1841 J. G. Wilkinson Manners & Customs Anc. Egyptians 2nd Ser. I. xiii. 297 The name Atin-re cannot fail to call to mind Attin, or Atys, the Phrygian Sun.

1896 Folk-lore Mar. 47 Cybele, the Magna Mater, whose image in the shape of a rough field-stone had been given by the Phrygian priests.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 720/1 The Phrygian power was broken in the 9th or 8th century b.c. by the Cimmerians, who entered Asia Minor through Armenia.

1989 J. P. Mallory In Search of Indo-Europeans ii. 31 Linguistically, we are severely limited by the sparse remains of the Phrygian language.

2. Music. Originally (now historical): designating the third highest in pitch of the ancient Greek tonoi or modes in the system of Ptolemy, the fourth highest in the system of Boethius, and the third (or fourth) lowest when projected as a diatonic octave scale, corresponding to d–d′; (in the ecclesiastical system) designating mode (or tone) three, having e as finalis. In modern use: designating the diatonic scale of e–e′ and the mode which it represents (containing a minor second in relation to the tonic). Of music: composed or performed in this mode.In early use this mode was thought to have a warlike character.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [adjective]

NinevitishOE

Trojanc1374

Sardian1551

Susian?1552

Illyrian1556

Phoenician?1556

Hyrcan1567

Sidonian1578

Phrygian1579

Smyrnian1579

Lycaonian1582

Paphlagonian1596

Lycian1598

Galatian1603

Cappadocian1607

Canaanite1613

Mysian1613

Phocaean1614

Phrygic1614

Dardana1616

Babylonized1701

Pergamene1703

Milesiana1722

Canaanitic1753

Palmyrenian1776

Smyrnaean1807

Troic1838

Minaean1844

Ninevite1848

Smyrniote1867

Isaurian1880

Mitannian1897

Iconian1899

Mitannite1911

Thraco-Phrygian1924

1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 27 Gloss. The..Musitian playd the Phrygian melodie.

1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 210 As the sounds did varie, so likewise vsed they variety of names to them, for they had the Dorike, and the Phrigien sound: the one did inflame y^e hearts of y^e souldiers, the other did make meek & appease them.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Phrygie, Phrygian melodie; a kind of tune, or musicke, wherein there seemed to be a diuine furie.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. xiv. 247 The Northerne mans humour consortes best with the Phrygian measure, a loud and stirring harmonie.

1654 J. Playford Breefe Introd. Skill Musick i. 18 The Phrygian Mood was a more warlike and couragious kinde of Musick, expressing the Musick of Trumpets and other Instruments used of old, exciting to Arms.

1761 Philos. Trans. 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 772 He..affirming..that the Dorian mode answered exactly to our A-mi-la with a minor third, and the Phrygian to our A-mi-la with a major third.

1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca v. xxiii. 534 In music..there were four principal νόμοι or modes; the Phrygian, the Lydian, the Doric, and the Ionic... The Phrygian mode was religious.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 274 If only Dorian and Phrygian harmonies are used in our songs and melodies, we shall not want multiplicity of notes or a panharmonic scale.

1905 Academy 30 Dec. 1364 In his [sc. Tchaikovsky's] third suite there is a striking variation successfully developed in the Phrygian mode.

1979–80 18th-cent. Stud. 13 131 The most incisive critiques are reserved for two contrasting settings of the Phrygian melody ‘O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden’.

1983 Peter Grimes; Gloriana ((Eng. National Opera Guide)) (BNC) The storm theme hurls the minor second at us..most powerfully on the root note E flat, suggesting the Phrygian mode.

2002 Total Guitar Mar. 37 He's..fond of using the Phrygian mode (E F G A B C D), where the 2 (F) creates a darker sound.

3. Designating a conical cap or bonnet having a bent or turned peak at the front, supposed to have been worn by the ancient Phrygians, and later identified with the Roman cap of liberty (see cap of liberty at cap n.¹ 4g(c)).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [adjective] > like a cap > types of cap

lugged1489

marabas1538

tarfed1545

unbanded1570

high-crowned1598

brimless1615

Phrygian1618

poked1631

round-eared1724

winkered1804

peakless1844

shadeless1852

Mother Hubbard1877

visorless1889

fore and aft1940

visored1950

1618 W. Mure Dido & Æneas ii. 417 His curled head with Phrygian mytre guised.

1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 46 A Phrygian Priapus of Elegant Workmanship: The Phrygian Cap pointed and hanging down behind, as our Caps in Dishabillie are now worn.

1715 tr. L. Jobert Knowl. Medals ix. 143 The Phrygian Bonnet bent at the Point, is given to the God Lunus.

1748 J. Russel Lett. Young Painter Abroad xxxv. 218 The Figure of a Man, with a Phrygian cap on his head.

1796 J. Strutt Compl. View Dress & Habits People of Eng. I. i. i. 12 The cap, most commonly worn by the Saxons..bears no distant resemblance to the ancient Phrygian bonnet.

1846 F. W. Fairholt Costume in Eng. Gloss. at Head-dress A head of Paris in the Phrygian cap has been copied.

1901 F. Norris Octopus i. vi. 266 The caps of tissue paper were put on—‘Phrygian Bonnets’, ‘Magicians' Caps’, ‘Liberty Caps’.

1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. i. iii. 218 She was wearing a dress made of union jacks and a r[ed] w[hite] & b[lue] Phrygian cap.

2001 Piecework Sept.–Oct. 29/1 The brimless hat, or cap, is thought to be derived from the soft, conical Phrygian cap depicted on Roman coins.

Compounds

Phrygian-shaped adj. rare shaped like a Phrygian cap.

ΚΠ

1846 F. W. Fairholt Costume in Eng. 55 Figure 2 gives us the Phrygian-shaped cap, borrowed from classic times.

1959 J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. x. 263 Certain fringed garments, rectangular quivers, and Phrygian-shaped caps found with figures in the Drakensberg are said to show Sumerian influence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phrygian
释义	Phrygiann.adj. Brit. /ˈfrɪdʒɪən/, U.S. /ˈfrɪdʒiən/ Forms: late Middle English Frigien, late Middle English Frygien, late Middle English Phirigian, late Middle English–1700s Phrigian, 1500s Frygian, 1500s Phrygyan, 1500s–1600s Phrigien, 1500s– Phrygian, 1600s Frigian; Scottish pre-1700 Phrygiane, pre-1700 Phrygyane, pre-1700 1700s– Phrygian. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Phrygia , -an suffix. Etymology: < Phrygia (classical Latin Phrygia, ancient Greek Φρυγία), the name of an ancient region of west central Asia Minor + -an suffix. Compare classical Latin Phrygius, ancient Greek Φρύγιος Phrygian (adjective).With use in music (see sense B. 2) compare classical Latin Phrygius modus Phrygian mode, Phrygius sonus , Phrygius phthongus Phrygian sound, ancient Greek Φρυγίοι νόμοι , Φρύγια μέλεα Phrygian music, Hellenistic Greek Φρύγιος τόνος Phrygian mode. With sense B. 2 compare French phrygien , adjective (1546 in Middle French in this sense; 1553 in sense B. 1; compare also earlier frigiste, adjective (a1374)). Phrygia occurs as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards (in various forms, including Old English Frygia, Friga, Old English, Middle English, and early modern English Frigia, Middle English Frygye, early modern English Phrigia, Phrygie, Phrigie; the form Phrygia is attested from at least the 16th cent.). A. n. 1. a. Ancient History. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia, an ancient region of west central Asia Minor, to the south of Bithynia. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [noun] MedeeOE PartheOE PuniceOE NineviteOE Trojanc1330 sodomitea1382 Phoeniciana1387 Macedonianc1400 Parthianc1400 Macedonc1440 Phrygian?1473 Mycenaeanc1487 Tyrian1513 Sidonian?1520 Galatian1526 Canaanite1530 Cananaean1534 Milesian1550 Sogdian1553 Syrophœnician1560 Molossian1563 Hyrcanian1567 Palmyrene1567 Pergamenian1579 Smyrnian1579 Mysian1581 Carthaginian1592 Punican1595 Lycian1598 Smyrnaean1598 Phocaean1600 Gallo-greeks1601 Iberian1601 Minaean1601 Susian1601 Cappadocian1607 Carian1607 Paphlagonian1607 Hamathite1611 Pergamene1612 Byzantiana1620 Gallo-graecians1619 Chalcidian1654 Philadelphiana1680 Xanthian1685 Palmyrenian1697 Isaurian1776 Dardan1813 Byzantine1836 Bœotian1839 Ilian1847 Susianian1874 Libyo-Phœnician1876 Khaldian1882 Mitannian1907 Iconian1911 Petraean1923 Lycaonian1926 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 255 Whan we wole mene þat þei Troians beeþ feerful, we cleped hem Frigios.] ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 67 The troyans cam vpon his ofte and smote doun right vpon the Frygiens. c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 303 It fortuned so that the Phrigians hugely were anoyed with the plaige pestilenciall. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 174^v (side note) It was named of Pelops y^e sonne of Tantalus kyng of the Phrygians. 1596 R. Johnson Famous Hist. Seauen Champions xiv. 133 Of Parthians ten thousand and three hundred. Of Phrigians seauen thousand and two hundred. 1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 115 The Phrygians, Cilicians, and Arabians were very skilfull augurs, or diviners by the flight of birds. 1703 M. Chudleigh Song of Three Children in Poems Several Occasions See, from their Seats superior Pow'rs descend, And on the Phrygians and the Greeks attend. 1741 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 206/1 There are some obscure Accounts..of a War between the Amazons and the Phrygians. 1822 T. Taylor tr. Apuleius Metamorphosis 264 The primogenial Phrygians call me [sc. Cybele] Pessinuntica. 1882 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 3 342 Such faults of grammar and metre as occur in this inscription show that the Phrygians spoke very bad Greek. 1963 Times 12 Jan. 9/6 It sounded like an Aesop's fable (and it occurred suddenly to me that Aesop, a Phrygian, had lived near Sivrihisar). 1997 L. Motz Faces of Goddess vii. 100 The Hittites had employed cuneiform writing, and the Phrygians used the letters of Greek script. b. The Indo-European language of the ancient Phrygians.The precise affiliation of Phrygian within the Indo-European language family is unclear; it shares more features with Greek than with any other Indo-European language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated as early Indo-European Pelasgic1767 Phrygian1793 Thracian1879 Pelasgian1925 1793 W. Jones in Asiatick Researches 3 14 A drum is called dindima both in Sanscrit and Phrygian. 1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 3 Of others we have only very scanty fragments left,..as of Phrygian. 1933 C. D. Buck Compar. Gram. Greek & Latin 13 Phrygian is known, apart from proper names and glosses, from a few old inscriptions in an archaic Greek alphabet and some others of Christian times. 1991 Language 67 414/1 Phrygian is both closely related to Greek and preserved in part through Greek testimony. 2. Church History. = Montanist n. Cf. Cataphrygian n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > other sects and movements > Montanism > [noun] > person Montanist1565 Pepuzian1565 Cataphrygian1607 Phrygian1607 Proclian1619 Priscillian1620 Proclianite1648 Pepusite1655 Priscillianist1685 Tertullianist1710 1607 T. Rogers Faith, Doctr., & Relig. 82 This truth is gainesaid by the Phrygians. 1837 Encycl. Brit. XV. 426/2 Montanists..are sometimes styled Phrygians and Cataphrygians. 1992 R. S. Kraemer Her Share of Blessings (1993) xi. 158 According to Hippolytus, the Phrygians engaged in new fasts, feasts, meals of dry food..and of radishes. B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or associated with ancient Phrygia, its people, or their language. ΚΠ a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aii O Quene, it is thy wil, I shold renew a woe can not be told: How that the Grekes did spoile, and ouerthrow The Phrygian wealth, and wailful realm of Troy. 1561 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Hercules Furens sig. E 3 And sory stone yet flowes with teares in Phrygian Sipylye. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iii. xvi. 273 The Phrygian Metropolis. 1649 R. Baron Apologie for Paris sig. A7^v Th'hot Phrygian Prince thought it not much to come To scarse known Greece, from remote Ilium. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 69 As yerst the Phrygian Knight, So ours..did smite His Trojan horse. 1714 C. Johnson Victim i. 12 Let us mourn in Blood, In Phrigian Blood—Let Hector's swelling Veins Shed purple Drops. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music at Trigonum An instrument supposed to have been of Phrygian invention. 1841 J. G. Wilkinson Manners & Customs Anc. Egyptians 2nd Ser. I. xiii. 297 The name Atin-re cannot fail to call to mind Attin, or Atys, the Phrygian Sun. 1896 Folk-lore Mar. 47 Cybele, the Magna Mater, whose image in the shape of a rough field-stone had been given by the Phrygian priests. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 720/1 The Phrygian power was broken in the 9th or 8th century b.c. by the Cimmerians, who entered Asia Minor through Armenia. 1989 J. P. Mallory In Search of Indo-Europeans ii. 31 Linguistically, we are severely limited by the sparse remains of the Phrygian language. 2. Music. Originally (now historical): designating the third highest in pitch of the ancient Greek tonoi or modes in the system of Ptolemy, the fourth highest in the system of Boethius, and the third (or fourth) lowest when projected as a diatonic octave scale, corresponding to d–d′; (in the ecclesiastical system) designating mode (or tone) three, having e as finalis. In modern use: designating the diatonic scale of e–e′ and the mode which it represents (containing a minor second in relation to the tonic). Of music: composed or performed in this mode.In early use this mode was thought to have a warlike character. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [adjective] NinevitishOE Trojanc1374 Sardian1551 Susian?1552 Illyrian1556 Phoenician?1556 Hyrcan1567 Sidonian1578 Phrygian1579 Smyrnian1579 Lycaonian1582 Paphlagonian1596 Lycian1598 Galatian1603 Cappadocian1607 Canaanite1613 Mysian1613 Phocaean1614 Phrygic1614 Dardana1616 Babylonized1701 Pergamene1703 Milesiana1722 Canaanitic1753 Palmyrenian1776 Smyrnaean1807 Troic1838 Minaean1844 Ninevite1848 Smyrniote1867 Isaurian1880 Mitannian1897 Iconian1899 Mitannite1911 Thraco-Phrygian1924 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 27 Gloss. The..Musitian playd the Phrygian melodie. 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 210 As the sounds did varie, so likewise vsed they variety of names to them, for they had the Dorike, and the Phrigien sound: the one did inflame y^e hearts of y^e souldiers, the other did make meek & appease them. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Phrygie, Phrygian melodie; a kind of tune, or musicke, wherein there seemed to be a diuine furie. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. xiv. 247 The Northerne mans humour consortes best with the Phrygian measure, a loud and stirring harmonie. 1654 J. Playford Breefe Introd. Skill Musick i. 18 The Phrygian Mood was a more warlike and couragious kinde of Musick, expressing the Musick of Trumpets and other Instruments used of old, exciting to Arms. 1761 Philos. Trans. 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 772 He..affirming..that the Dorian mode answered exactly to our A-mi-la with a minor third, and the Phrygian to our A-mi-la with a major third. 1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca v. xxiii. 534 In music..there were four principal νόμοι or modes; the Phrygian, the Lydian, the Doric, and the Ionic... The Phrygian mode was religious. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 274 If only Dorian and Phrygian harmonies are used in our songs and melodies, we shall not want multiplicity of notes or a panharmonic scale. 1905 Academy 30 Dec. 1364 In his [sc. Tchaikovsky's] third suite there is a striking variation successfully developed in the Phrygian mode. 1979–80 18th-cent. Stud. 13 131 The most incisive critiques are reserved for two contrasting settings of the Phrygian melody ‘O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden’. 1983 Peter Grimes; Gloriana ((Eng. National Opera Guide)) (BNC) The storm theme hurls the minor second at us..most powerfully on the root note E flat, suggesting the Phrygian mode. 2002 Total Guitar Mar. 37 He's..fond of using the Phrygian mode (E F G A B C D), where the 2 (F) creates a darker sound. 3. Designating a conical cap or bonnet having a bent or turned peak at the front, supposed to have been worn by the ancient Phrygians, and later identified with the Roman cap of liberty (see cap of liberty at cap n.¹ 4g(c)). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [adjective] > like a cap > types of cap lugged1489 marabas1538 tarfed1545 unbanded1570 high-crowned1598 brimless1615 Phrygian1618 poked1631 round-eared1724 winkered1804 peakless1844 shadeless1852 Mother Hubbard1877 visorless1889 fore and aft1940 visored1950 1618 W. Mure Dido & Æneas ii. 417 His curled head with Phrygian mytre guised. 1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 46 A Phrygian Priapus of Elegant Workmanship: The Phrygian Cap pointed and hanging down behind, as our Caps in Dishabillie are now worn. 1715 tr. L. Jobert Knowl. Medals ix. 143 The Phrygian Bonnet bent at the Point, is given to the God Lunus. 1748 J. Russel Lett. Young Painter Abroad xxxv. 218 The Figure of a Man, with a Phrygian cap on his head. 1796 J. Strutt Compl. View Dress & Habits People of Eng. I. i. i. 12 The cap, most commonly worn by the Saxons..bears no distant resemblance to the ancient Phrygian bonnet. 1846 F. W. Fairholt Costume in Eng. Gloss. at Head-dress A head of Paris in the Phrygian cap has been copied. 1901 F. Norris Octopus i. vi. 266 The caps of tissue paper were put on—‘Phrygian Bonnets’, ‘Magicians' Caps’, ‘Liberty Caps’. 1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. i. iii. 218 She was wearing a dress made of union jacks and a r[ed] w[hite] & b[lue] Phrygian cap. 2001 Piecework Sept.–Oct. 29/1 The brimless hat, or cap, is thought to be derived from the soft, conical Phrygian cap depicted on Roman coins. Compounds Phrygian-shaped adj. rare shaped like a Phrygian cap. ΚΠ 1846 F. W. Fairholt Costume in Eng. 55 Figure 2 gives us the Phrygian-shaped cap, borrowed from classic times. 1959 J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. x. 263 Certain fringed garments, rectangular quivers, and Phrygian-shaped caps found with figures in the Drakensberg are said to show Sumerian influence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.?1473
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