phreno-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: Before a vowel phren-

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ϕρενο-.

Etymology: < ancient Greek ϕρενο-, combining form (in e.g. ϕρενομανής distracted, maddened) of ϕρεν- , ϕρήν midriff, mind (see phren n.). With sense 2 compare phrenico- comb. form.Formations are found from the first half of the 19th cent.; compare phrenology n., phrenologist n. Compare French phréno- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.), German phreno- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.).

1. Forming words with the sense ‘of or relating to the mind’.

† phrenalgia n. [compare French phrénalgie (1852 or earlier)] Medicine Obsolete rare melancholia, severe depression; (also) psychalgia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > melancholia

melancholya1398

hypochondriac1599

melancholia1607

melancholy madness1607

hypochondria1648

hypochondriacism1690

hypo1701

hypocona1704

hyps1710

hypochondriasis1722

hyp1736

hypochondriasm1742

hypochondrism1822

biophilia1857

lypemania1874

phrenalgia1890

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Phrenalgia, psychalgia.

1893 Lancet 7 Oct. 857/2 Phrenalgia or the neuralgia of the mind, hypochondriasis in its protean forms, and neurasthenia..are widely disseminated.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 361 Melancholia and Hypochondriasis, Syn[onyms]—In the older English writers Lypemania and Phrenalgia.

† phreno-hypnotism n. Obsolete rare stimulation of the phrenological organs during hypnosis.

ΚΠ

1843 J. Braid Neurypnology vi. 80 This is what has been designated phreno-magnetism by the discoverers of these curious phenomena, but which, in accordance with my nomenclature, I shall designate phreno-hypnotism.

1896 Cosmopolitan Feb. 368/2 Adding to the magnetizer's equipment the extravagant doctrine of phreno-hypnotism: the excitation of the phrenological organs by pressing various points on the heads of hypnotized subjects.

† phrenonarcosis n. Obsolete rare dulling of the intellect or senses.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 950/1 Phrenonarcosis, term by C. H. Schultz for a benumbing of the intellect; a dulling of the senses.

† phrenonomy n. Obsolete rare a deductive and predictive branch of psychology.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > [noun] > comparative psychology > deductive part of

phrenonomy1883

1883 O. T. Mason in Ann. Rep. Board Regents Smithsonian Inst., 1881 501 (table) Observing and descriptive stage... Phrenography... Inductive and classifying stage... Phrenology... Deductive and predictive stage... Phrenonomy.

† phrenoparalysis n. Obsolete rare paralysis caused by disease of the brain, esp. apoplexy (stroke); (also) loss of mental function (phrenoplegy).

ΚΠ

1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 678/1 It [sc. palsy] is commonly symptomatic of disease of the brain or of the nerves themselves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precursor, or successor of apoplexy,—Phrenoparalysis.

1893 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Phrenoparalysis, the same as phrenoplegia.

† phreno-physiognomist n. Obsolete rare an expert in phreno-physiognomy.

ΚΠ

1892 A. J. Oppenheim in Daily News 4 Aug. 6/6 A scientific phreno-physiognomist.

† phreno-physiognomy n. Obsolete rare the art of judging character from the features of the face and the shape of the cranium (a combination of physiognomy and phrenology).

ΚΠ

1892 A. J. Oppenheim in Daily News 4 Aug. 6/6 To explain phreno-physiognomy from a scientific point of view.

† phrenoplegy n. [compare Hellenistic Greek ϕρενοπληγ- , ϕρενοπλήξ stricken in mind; R. G. Mayne (see quot. 1858) gives also a Latin form phrenoplegia] Obsolete rare loss of (normal) mental function.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 950/1 Phrenoplegia, term by C. H. Schultz for a failing or upsetting of the mind; fatuity: phrenoplegy.

phrenotropic adj.

Brit.

/ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/

/ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/

/ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/

/ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/

U.S.

/ˌfrɛnəˈtroʊpɪk/

/ˌfrɛnoʊˈtroʊpɪk/

/ˌfrinəˈtroʊpɪk/

/ˌfrinoʊˈtroʊpɪk/

= psychotropic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > medicine for mental conditions > [adjective] > psychotropic or psychedelic

psychopharmacologic1948

phrenotropic1956

psychedelic1957

psychochemical1958

consciousness-expanding1962

psychopharmaceutical1962

psychopharmacological1964

1956 M. Rinkel in Neuropharmacology: Trans. 2nd Conf., 1955 240 I had considerable conversation on this subject with Dr. Goodman..and Dr. Loewi of Utah University. They made the very good proposal of calling all these drugs which affect the mind ‘phrenotropic or psychotropic’. This general term would allow for a number of subdivisions: drugs that are beneficial; those which may cause psychosis; [etc.].

1957 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66 765 Ibogaine began to be of interest to us in connection with its possible phrenotropic activity.

1984 Canad. Jrnl. Psychiatry 29 189/1 Physical methods of therapeutic value were followed by the application of chemical agents having phrenotropic effects.

2. Forming words with the sense ‘of or relating to the diaphragm’.

phrenocolic adj.

Brit.

/ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɪk/

/ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɪk/

U.S.

/ˌfrɛnəˈkɑlɪk/

/ˌfrɛnoʊˈkɑlɪk/

/ˌfrinəˈkɑlɪk/

/ˌfrinoʊˈkɑlɪk/

Anatomy rare of or relating to the diaphragm and colon; spec. designating the phrenicocolic ligament.

ΚΠ

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 333/1 Phrenocolic ligament, a fold of peritoneum passing from diaphragm opposite 10th or 11th rib to splenic flexure of colon.

1948 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 75 385/2 In cancers of the transverse colon, the splenic and hepatic flexures should be unhinged from their phrenocolic attachments.

1993 Current Surg. 60 311/1 The phrenocolic ligament helps to support the spleen in the upper abdomen.

phrenogastric adj.

Brit.

/ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈɡastrɪk/

/ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈɡastrɪk/

U.S.

/ˌfrɛnəˈɡæstrɪk/

/ˌfrɛnoʊˈɡæstrɪk/

/ˌfrinəˈɡæstrɪk/

/ˌfrinoʊˈɡæstrɪk/

[compare French phrénogastrique (1858 or earlier); R. G. Mayne (see quot. 1858) gives also a Latin form phrenogastricus] Anatomy rare = gastrophrenic adj. at gastro- comb. form .

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 950/1 Phrenogastricus, of or belonging to the diaphragm or stomach; applied to a ligament, etc.: phrenogastric.

1997 Obesity Surg. 7 352 Retrogastric tunnel within the layers of the phrenogastric ligament.

phrenogram n.

Brit.

/ˈfrɛnə(ʊ)ɡram/

/ˈfriːnə(ʊ)ɡram/

U.S.

/ˈfrɛnəˌɡræm/

/ˈfrinəˌɡræm/

rare a graphic recording of the movements of the diaphragm (cf. phrenograph n. 1).

ΚΠ

1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Phrenogram.

1936 Proc. Royal Soc. 1935–6 B. 119 194 The amplification of the phrenogram was such that a sufficiently exact determination of the beginning and end of the inspiratory volleys to the diaphragm could be made.

1975 Respiration Physiol. 23 148 After suitable integration the phrenogram was displayed on a polygraph, along with the EEG.

phrenosplenic adj.

Brit.

/ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈspliːnɪk/

/ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈspliːnɪk/

/ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈsplɛnɪk/

/ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈsplɛnɪk/

U.S.

/ˌfrɛnoʊˈsplinɪk/

/ˌfrɛnoʊˈsplɛnɪk/

[compare French phrénosplénique (1869 in Littré); R. G. Mayne (see quot. 1858) gives a Latin form phrenosplenicus] Anatomy rare relating to or connecting the diaphragm and the spleen; spec. designating the lienorenal (or splenorenal) ligament.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 950/2 Phrenosplenicus, of or belonging to the diaphragm and spleen; applied to a ligament, etc.: phrenosplenic.

2003 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 186 501/1 Upper pole phrenosplenic attachments are left intact to prevent torsion of the spleen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phreno-
释义	phreno-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: Before a vowel phren- Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ϕρενο-. Etymology: < ancient Greek ϕρενο-, combining form (in e.g. ϕρενομανής distracted, maddened) of ϕρεν- , ϕρήν midriff, mind (see phren n.). With sense 2 compare phrenico- comb. form.Formations are found from the first half of the 19th cent.; compare phrenology n., phrenologist n. Compare French phréno- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.), German phreno- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.). 1. Forming words with the sense ‘of or relating to the mind’. † phrenalgia n. [compare French phrénalgie (1852 or earlier)] Medicine Obsolete rare melancholia, severe depression; (also) psychalgia. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > melancholia melancholya1398 hypochondriac1599 melancholia1607 melancholy madness1607 hypochondria1648 hypochondriacism1690 hypo1701 hypocona1704 hyps1710 hypochondriasis1722 hyp1736 hypochondriasm1742 hypochondrism1822 biophilia1857 lypemania1874 phrenalgia1890 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Phrenalgia, psychalgia. 1893 Lancet 7 Oct. 857/2 Phrenalgia or the neuralgia of the mind, hypochondriasis in its protean forms, and neurasthenia..are widely disseminated. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 361 Melancholia and Hypochondriasis, Syn[onyms]—In the older English writers Lypemania and Phrenalgia. † phreno-hypnotism n. Obsolete rare stimulation of the phrenological organs during hypnosis. ΚΠ 1843 J. Braid Neurypnology vi. 80 This is what has been designated phreno-magnetism by the discoverers of these curious phenomena, but which, in accordance with my nomenclature, I shall designate phreno-hypnotism. 1896 Cosmopolitan Feb. 368/2 Adding to the magnetizer's equipment the extravagant doctrine of phreno-hypnotism: the excitation of the phrenological organs by pressing various points on the heads of hypnotized subjects. † phrenonarcosis n. Obsolete rare dulling of the intellect or senses.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 950/1 Phrenonarcosis, term by C. H. Schultz for a benumbing of the intellect; a dulling of the senses. † phrenonomy n. Obsolete rare a deductive and predictive branch of psychology. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > [noun] > comparative psychology > deductive part of phrenonomy1883 1883 O. T. Mason in Ann. Rep. Board Regents Smithsonian Inst., 1881 501 (table) Observing and descriptive stage... Phrenography... Inductive and classifying stage... Phrenology... Deductive and predictive stage... Phrenonomy. † phrenoparalysis n. Obsolete rare paralysis caused by disease of the brain, esp. apoplexy (stroke); (also) loss of mental function (phrenoplegy). ΚΠ 1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 678/1 It [sc. palsy] is commonly symptomatic of disease of the brain or of the nerves themselves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precursor, or successor of apoplexy,—Phrenoparalysis. 1893 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Phrenoparalysis, the same as phrenoplegia. † phreno-physiognomist n. Obsolete rare an expert in phreno-physiognomy. ΚΠ 1892 A. J. Oppenheim in Daily News 4 Aug. 6/6 A scientific phreno-physiognomist. † phreno-physiognomy n. Obsolete rare the art of judging character from the features of the face and the shape of the cranium (a combination of physiognomy and phrenology). ΚΠ 1892 A. J. Oppenheim in Daily News 4 Aug. 6/6 To explain phreno-physiognomy from a scientific point of view. † phrenoplegy n. [compare Hellenistic Greek ϕρενοπληγ- , ϕρενοπλήξ stricken in mind; R. G. Mayne (see quot. 1858) gives also a Latin form phrenoplegia] Obsolete rare loss of (normal) mental function.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 950/1 Phrenoplegia, term by C. H. Schultz for a failing or upsetting of the mind; fatuity: phrenoplegy. phrenotropic adj. Brit. /ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/ , /ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/ , /ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/ , /ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/ , U.S. /ˌfrɛnəˈtroʊpɪk/ , /ˌfrɛnoʊˈtroʊpɪk/ , /ˌfrinəˈtroʊpɪk/ , /ˌfrinoʊˈtroʊpɪk/ = psychotropic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > medicine for mental conditions > [adjective] > psychotropic or psychedelic psychopharmacologic1948 phrenotropic1956 psychedelic1957 psychochemical1958 consciousness-expanding1962 psychopharmaceutical1962 psychopharmacological1964 1956 M. Rinkel in Neuropharmacology: Trans. 2nd Conf., 1955 240 I had considerable conversation on this subject with Dr. Goodman..and Dr. Loewi of Utah University. They made the very good proposal of calling all these drugs which affect the mind ‘phrenotropic or psychotropic’. This general term would allow for a number of subdivisions: drugs that are beneficial; those which may cause psychosis; [etc.]. 1957 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66 765 Ibogaine began to be of interest to us in connection with its possible phrenotropic activity. 1984 Canad. Jrnl. Psychiatry 29 189/1 Physical methods of therapeutic value were followed by the application of chemical agents having phrenotropic effects. 2. Forming words with the sense ‘of or relating to the diaphragm’. phrenocolic adj. Brit. /ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɪk/ , /ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɪk/ , U.S. /ˌfrɛnəˈkɑlɪk/ , /ˌfrɛnoʊˈkɑlɪk/ , /ˌfrinəˈkɑlɪk/ , /ˌfrinoʊˈkɑlɪk/ Anatomy rare of or relating to the diaphragm and colon; spec. designating the phrenicocolic ligament. ΚΠ 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 333/1 Phrenocolic ligament, a fold of peritoneum passing from diaphragm opposite 10th or 11th rib to splenic flexure of colon. 1948 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 75 385/2 In cancers of the transverse colon, the splenic and hepatic flexures should be unhinged from their phrenocolic attachments. 1993 Current Surg. 60 311/1 The phrenocolic ligament helps to support the spleen in the upper abdomen. phrenogastric adj. Brit. /ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈɡastrɪk/ , /ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈɡastrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌfrɛnəˈɡæstrɪk/ , /ˌfrɛnoʊˈɡæstrɪk/ , /ˌfrinəˈɡæstrɪk/ , /ˌfrinoʊˈɡæstrɪk/ [compare French phrénogastrique (1858 or earlier); R. G. Mayne (see quot. 1858) gives also a Latin form phrenogastricus] Anatomy rare = gastrophrenic adj. at gastro- comb. form . ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 950/1 Phrenogastricus, of or belonging to the diaphragm or stomach; applied to a ligament, etc.: phrenogastric. 1997 Obesity Surg. 7 352 Retrogastric tunnel within the layers of the phrenogastric ligament. phrenogram n. Brit. /ˈfrɛnə(ʊ)ɡram/ , /ˈfriːnə(ʊ)ɡram/ , U.S. /ˈfrɛnəˌɡræm/ , /ˈfrinəˌɡræm/ rare a graphic recording of the movements of the diaphragm (cf. phrenograph n. 1). ΚΠ 1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Phrenogram. 1936 Proc. Royal Soc. 1935–6 B. 119 194 The amplification of the phrenogram was such that a sufficiently exact determination of the beginning and end of the inspiratory volleys to the diaphragm could be made. 1975 Respiration Physiol. 23 148 After suitable integration the phrenogram was displayed on a polygraph, along with the EEG. phrenosplenic adj. Brit. /ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈspliːnɪk/ , /ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈspliːnɪk/ , /ˌfrɛnə(ʊ)ˈsplɛnɪk/ , /ˌfriːnə(ʊ)ˈsplɛnɪk/ , U.S. /ˌfrɛnoʊˈsplinɪk/ , /ˌfrɛnoʊˈsplɛnɪk/ [compare French phrénosplénique (1869 in Littré); R. G. Mayne (see quot. 1858) gives a Latin form phrenosplenicus] Anatomy rare relating to or connecting the diaphragm and the spleen; spec. designating the lienorenal (or splenorenal) ligament. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 950/2 Phrenosplenicus, of or belonging to the diaphragm and spleen; applied to a ligament, etc.: phrenosplenic. 2003 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 186 501/1 Upper pole phrenosplenic attachments are left intact to prevent torsion of the spleen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1843
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