phrenicadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈfrɛnɪk/, U.S.

/ˈfrɛnɪk/

Forms: 1600s–1700s phrenick, 1600s– phrenic.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phrenicus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin phrenicus (1605 or earlier) < phren phren n. + classical Latin -icus -ic suffix. Compare French phrénique relating to the diaphragm (1629 or earlier), relating to the mind (1835), Italian frenico (1681 in sense A. 1).Compare the earlier use of a post-classical Latin noun phrenica (short for vena phrenica or arteria phrenica) in an English context:1638 A. Read Man. Anat. Body of Man (new ed.) 133 The first [twig of the ascending trunk of the vena cava] is Phrenica, this is inserted into the midrife and heart. Compare also use of post-classical Latin vena phrenica and nervus phrenicus in an English context, and of post-classical Latin phrenica modifying English vein:1618 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια (new ed.) vi. ix. 362 The veine phrenica or the veine of the midriffe.1688 T. Gibson Anat. Human Bodies (ed. 3) II. ix. 288 As it [sc. vena cava] ascends through the Midriff it sends forth a small sprig on each side, called Venæ Phrenicæ.1688 T. Gibson Anat. Human Bodies (ed. 3) III. xiv. 397 Their formost branches send forth first one twig to make the trunk of the Nervus phrenicus.

A. adj.

1. Anatomy and Medicine.

a. Supplying the diaphragm; of, relating to, or affecting the diaphragm; diaphragmatic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > internal organs > diaphragm > [adjective]

diaphragmatic1656

phrenic1685

frenetic1704

gastrophrenic1854

diaphragmal1890

cardiodiaphragmatic1907

1685 S. Collins Systeme Anat. II. 686 The Diaphragm is also accommodated with variety of Vessels, two Arterial branches, styled Phrenick, which are derived from the great descendent Trunk of the Aorta, [etc.].

1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) i. 301/1 It [sc. the Diaphragma] has two Arteries, call'd Phrenic Arteries, from the Trunk of the great Artery adjoyning to it: it has also two Veins, call'd Phrenic Veins.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Phrenick Vessels, are the Veins and Arteries that run through the Diaphragm, Mediastinum, and Pericardium.

1786 J. Aitken Princ. Anat. & Physiol. I. 161 (heading) Inferior phrenic arteries.

1832 J. Thomson Acct. Life W. Cullen I. 441 The Phrenic or Epigastric Centre.

1842 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) 350 The Phrenic veins return the blood from the ramifications of the phrenic arteries.

1887 Lancet 17 Dec. 1220/1 The phrenic pleura was then incised, and with it the diaphragm.

1935 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 10 540 Prolific vascular adhesions were present from many sources, chiefly from the phrenic vessels.

1972 Jrnl. Pediatric Surg. 7 34 Eventually phrenic movement, which usually is limited considerably by the associated hepatosplenomegaly, is restricted almost completely.

2002 Independent 15 Mar. (Friday Review section) 7/5 In June 1989, Tim became the third person in Britain to be fitted with a phrenic pacemaker, which artificially stimulates the diaphragm muscles to allow patients to breathe by themselves.

b. Of or relating to the phrenic nerve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [adjective]

musculo-spiral1835

phrenic1890

neurenteric1985

1890 Lancet 25 Jan. 186/2 Single phrenic section is not fatal in old rabbits.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 649 Phrenic neuritis.

1934 W. H. C. Romanis & P. H. Mitchiner Sci. & Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) II. xi. 449 To produce further collapse of the apex, the operation of phrenic avulsion may be supplemented by a section of the scalene muscles.

1989 Jrnl. Appl. Physiol. 67 720/1 Phrenic section was followed by an increase in the peak height of the left phrenic neurogram.

2004 Jrnl. Biomed. Sci. 11 465 Respiration was then assessed from the phrenic electroneurogram.

†2. Of or relating to the mind; mental. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > [adjective]

mental?c1422

mindly1434

phrenic1826

1826 Lancet 13 May 208/1 M. de Blainville divides the nervous masses of phrenic life into central and ganglionary.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 126/2 The nerves of animal, or, better, of phrenic life.

1838 Fraser's Mag. 17 27 The Theosophs were right in separating entirely the mind from the soul, in considering them..as different principles, as the physic and the phrenic.

1847 T. Medwin Life Shelley I. 149 Two sorts of dreams, the Phrenic and the Psychic.

B. n.

1. Anatomy.

†a. A phrenic blood vessel. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) i. 529/1 Moreover, about the Diaphragma, from the Trunk comes forth the Phrenic.

1697 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies (ed. 5) i. iv. 21 It has Arteries and Veins from the Mammary, and Epigastrick, and from those of the Midriff, or the Phrenick.

1742 tr. H. Boerhaave Lect. Theory of Physic II. 164 It [sc. blood] moves quickest thro' the Intercostals and Phrenics, in which its Course or Circulation seems to be compleated at every Respiration.

b. A phrenic nerve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > nerves in trunk

cauda1696

obturator nerve1732

phrenic1737

sciatic1741

solar ganglion1741

pudendal1752

solar plexus?1768

splanchnic1840

mare's tail1890

stellate ganglion1918

1737 Med. Ess. & Observ. (ed. 2) I. 167 It were very easy to say that the Difference of the Pressure of the Lungs upon the back part of the Pleura, and consequently upon the spinal Nerves running behind it that furnish Spirits to the intercostal Muscles, is sufficient to our Purpose, in the manner we have explained the Action of the Phrenicks.

1795 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 85 187 The possibility of having divided only one of the phrenics.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 209 It gives off a long and very slender branch, called the superior phrenic.

1891 Brain 14 336 After death the right vagus, both phrenics, and right sciatic nerves were found to be degenerated.

1952 Lancet 2 Feb. 250 The proximal end of the phrenic was ligated, doubled back on itself, and again ligated to prevent regeneration.

1991 Chest 99 1114/2 The time needed for recovery from frostbitten phrenics is variable.

†2. Medicine. A mental illness or remedy for mental illness. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > medicine for mental conditions > [noun]

phrenic1853

1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Phrenica, diseases affecting the intellect... Also, remedies that affect the mental faculties—Phrenics.

Compounds

phrenic nerve n. Anatomy and Zoology the motor nerve serving each half of the diaphragm, which arises from the cervical plexus and also supplies sensory fibres to various mediastinal structures and to the serous surfaces of the diaphragm.

ΚΠ

1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) i. 558/2 The second..is inserted into the middle of the Diaphragma, and therein constitutes the Phrenic Nerve.

1732 A. Monro Anat. Treat. Nerves 5 in Anat. Humane Bones (ed. 2) Compress one or both phrenic Nerves.

1823 Lancet 21 Dec. 396/2 When the fracture with displacement occurs above the origin of the phrenic nerve, the diaphragm loses its power.

1906 Daily Chron. 14 Aug. 4/4 He lunches on a bun and a glass of milk, seasoning his frugal repast by conversations on the anatomy of the semi-circular cartilages or the relations of the phrenic nerve.

2002 M. McGrath Silvertown (2003) xviii. 177 The next procedure was to collapse the lungs..by crushing the consumptive's phrenic nerve in order to paralyse the diaphragm.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	phrenic
释义	phrenicadj.n. Brit. /ˈfrɛnɪk/, U.S. /ˈfrɛnɪk/ Forms: 1600s–1700s phrenick, 1600s– phrenic. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phrenicus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin phrenicus (1605 or earlier) < phren phren n. + classical Latin -icus -ic suffix. Compare French phrénique relating to the diaphragm (1629 or earlier), relating to the mind (1835), Italian frenico (1681 in sense A. 1).Compare the earlier use of a post-classical Latin noun phrenica (short for vena phrenica or arteria phrenica) in an English context:1638 A. Read Man. Anat. Body of Man (new ed.) 133 The first [twig of the ascending trunk of the vena cava] is Phrenica, this is inserted into the midrife and heart. Compare also use of post-classical Latin vena phrenica and nervus phrenicus in an English context, and of post-classical Latin phrenica modifying English vein:1618 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια (new ed.) vi. ix. 362 The veine phrenica or the veine of the midriffe.1688 T. Gibson Anat. Human Bodies (ed. 3) II. ix. 288 As it [sc. vena cava] ascends through the Midriff it sends forth a small sprig on each side, called Venæ Phrenicæ.1688 T. Gibson Anat. Human Bodies (ed. 3) III. xiv. 397 Their formost branches send forth first one twig to make the trunk of the Nervus phrenicus. A. adj. 1. Anatomy and Medicine. a. Supplying the diaphragm; of, relating to, or affecting the diaphragm; diaphragmatic. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > internal organs > diaphragm > [adjective] diaphragmatic1656 phrenic1685 frenetic1704 gastrophrenic1854 diaphragmal1890 cardiodiaphragmatic1907 1685 S. Collins Systeme Anat. II. 686 The Diaphragm is also accommodated with variety of Vessels, two Arterial branches, styled Phrenick, which are derived from the great descendent Trunk of the Aorta, [etc.]. 1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) i. 301/1 It [sc. the Diaphragma] has two Arteries, call'd Phrenic Arteries, from the Trunk of the great Artery adjoyning to it: it has also two Veins, call'd Phrenic Veins. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Phrenick Vessels, are the Veins and Arteries that run through the Diaphragm, Mediastinum, and Pericardium. 1786 J. Aitken Princ. Anat. & Physiol. I. 161 (heading) Inferior phrenic arteries. 1832 J. Thomson Acct. Life W. Cullen I. 441 The Phrenic or Epigastric Centre. 1842 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) 350 The Phrenic veins return the blood from the ramifications of the phrenic arteries. 1887 Lancet 17 Dec. 1220/1 The phrenic pleura was then incised, and with it the diaphragm. 1935 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 10 540 Prolific vascular adhesions were present from many sources, chiefly from the phrenic vessels. 1972 Jrnl. Pediatric Surg. 7 34 Eventually phrenic movement, which usually is limited considerably by the associated hepatosplenomegaly, is restricted almost completely. 2002 Independent 15 Mar. (Friday Review section) 7/5 In June 1989, Tim became the third person in Britain to be fitted with a phrenic pacemaker, which artificially stimulates the diaphragm muscles to allow patients to breathe by themselves. b. Of or relating to the phrenic nerve. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [adjective] musculo-spiral1835 phrenic1890 neurenteric1985 1890 Lancet 25 Jan. 186/2 Single phrenic section is not fatal in old rabbits. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 649 Phrenic neuritis. 1934 W. H. C. Romanis & P. H. Mitchiner Sci. & Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) II. xi. 449 To produce further collapse of the apex, the operation of phrenic avulsion may be supplemented by a section of the scalene muscles. 1989 Jrnl. Appl. Physiol. 67 720/1 Phrenic section was followed by an increase in the peak height of the left phrenic neurogram. 2004 Jrnl. Biomed. Sci. 11 465 Respiration was then assessed from the phrenic electroneurogram. †2. Of or relating to the mind; mental. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > [adjective] mental?c1422 mindly1434 phrenic1826 1826 Lancet 13 May 208/1 M. de Blainville divides the nervous masses of phrenic life into central and ganglionary. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 126/2 The nerves of animal, or, better, of phrenic life. 1838 Fraser's Mag. 17 27 The Theosophs were right in separating entirely the mind from the soul, in considering them..as different principles, as the physic and the phrenic. 1847 T. Medwin Life Shelley I. 149 Two sorts of dreams, the Phrenic and the Psychic. B. n. 1. Anatomy. †a. A phrenic blood vessel. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) i. 529/1 Moreover, about the Diaphragma, from the Trunk comes forth the Phrenic. 1697 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies (ed. 5) i. iv. 21 It has Arteries and Veins from the Mammary, and Epigastrick, and from those of the Midriff, or the Phrenick. 1742 tr. H. Boerhaave Lect. Theory of Physic II. 164 It [sc. blood] moves quickest thro' the Intercostals and Phrenics, in which its Course or Circulation seems to be compleated at every Respiration. b. A phrenic nerve. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > nerves in trunk cauda1696 obturator nerve1732 phrenic1737 sciatic1741 solar ganglion1741 pudendal1752 solar plexus?1768 splanchnic1840 mare's tail1890 stellate ganglion1918 1737 Med. Ess. & Observ. (ed. 2) I. 167 It were very easy to say that the Difference of the Pressure of the Lungs upon the back part of the Pleura, and consequently upon the spinal Nerves running behind it that furnish Spirits to the intercostal Muscles, is sufficient to our Purpose, in the manner we have explained the Action of the Phrenicks. 1795 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 85 187 The possibility of having divided only one of the phrenics. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 209 It gives off a long and very slender branch, called the superior phrenic. 1891 Brain 14 336 After death the right vagus, both phrenics, and right sciatic nerves were found to be degenerated. 1952 Lancet 2 Feb. 250 The proximal end of the phrenic was ligated, doubled back on itself, and again ligated to prevent regeneration. 1991 Chest 99 1114/2 The time needed for recovery from frostbitten phrenics is variable. †2. Medicine. A mental illness or remedy for mental illness. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > medicine for mental conditions > [noun] phrenic1853 1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Phrenica, diseases affecting the intellect... Also, remedies that affect the mental faculties—Phrenics. Compounds phrenic nerve n. Anatomy and Zoology the motor nerve serving each half of the diaphragm, which arises from the cervical plexus and also supplies sensory fibres to various mediastinal structures and to the serous surfaces of the diaphragm. ΚΠ 1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) i. 558/2 The second..is inserted into the middle of the Diaphragma, and therein constitutes the Phrenic Nerve. 1732 A. Monro Anat. Treat. Nerves 5 in Anat. Humane Bones (ed. 2) Compress one or both phrenic Nerves. 1823 Lancet 21 Dec. 396/2 When the fracture with displacement occurs above the origin of the phrenic nerve, the diaphragm loses its power. 1906 Daily Chron. 14 Aug. 4/4 He lunches on a bun and a glass of milk, seasoning his frugal repast by conversations on the anatomy of the semi-circular cartilages or the relations of the phrenic nerve. 2002 M. McGrath Silvertown (2003) xviii. 177 The next procedure was to collapse the lungs..by crushing the consumptive's phrenic nerve in order to paralyse the diaphragm. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1685
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