phrenn.

Brit.

/friːn/,

/frɛn/, U.S.

/frin/,

/frɛn/

Inflections: Plural phrenes Brit.

/ˈfriːniːz/, U.S.

/ˈfriˌniz/.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phren.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin phren (chiefly in plural, phrenes) midriff, diaphragm (late 4th cent.), mind (5th cent.) < ancient Greek ϕρήν (chiefly in plural, ϕρένες) midriff, heart, mind, will, of unknown origin. Compare Middle French, French †phrene diaphragm (1546 in Rabelais) and German phrenes diaphragm (1741 or earlier).For earlier occurrence of either ancient Greek ϕρένες or classical Latin phrenes in an English context compare:1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 53 ^v Grecians called it Phrenes whiche is by interpretation the mynde.1683 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Two Disc. Soul of Brutes ii. x. 182 Which kind of symptoms, and also at the same time the alienation of the mind, are said to proceed from the Midriff being inflamed, and for that reason convulsed; wherefore the Ancients called the Diphragma Phrenes.

Now historical.

1. In singular and plural. The diaphragm; (also) the pericardium or epigastrium. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > internal organs > diaphragm > [noun]

midredeOE

midriffeOE

diaphragm1398

midgena1400

middleriff1598

traverse1601

riff1631

phren1706

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Phrenes,..the Membranes about the Heart; also the Diaphragm or Midriff.

1893 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Phren,..the diaphragm; also, the epigastrium.

2. The seat of the intellect, feelings, and will; the mind.In quots. 1824¹ and 1824², with allusion to phrenology n. 2.

ΚΠ

1824 ‘E. Hirnschadel’ (title) Encephalology, or a very brief sketch of Dr. Hirnschadel's Ologies of the Cranion and Phren perfected by the Rationals.

1824 ‘E. Hirnschadel’ Encephalology vi. 96 They missed..the proper object of their own science, which was neither the cranion nor the phren. The object they both sought was the encephalus or brain, lying between the two.

1939 A. Crowley Eight Lect. Yoga 71 This Trance is very much higher than the Beatific Vision, for always in the latter it is the heart—the Phren—which is involved; in the former it is the Nous, the divine intelligence of man, whereas the heart is only the centre of the intellectual and moral faculties.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phren
释义	phrenn. Brit. /friːn/, /frɛn/, U.S. /frin/, /frɛn/ Inflections: Plural phrenes Brit. /ˈfriːniːz/, U.S. /ˈfriˌniz/. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phren. Etymology: < post-classical Latin phren (chiefly in plural, phrenes) midriff, diaphragm (late 4th cent.), mind (5th cent.) < ancient Greek ϕρήν (chiefly in plural, ϕρένες) midriff, heart, mind, will, of unknown origin. Compare Middle French, French †phrene diaphragm (1546 in Rabelais) and German phrenes diaphragm (1741 or earlier).For earlier occurrence of either ancient Greek ϕρένες or classical Latin phrenes in an English context compare:1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 53 ^v Grecians called it Phrenes whiche is by interpretation the mynde.1683 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Two Disc. Soul of Brutes ii. x. 182 Which kind of symptoms, and also at the same time the alienation of the mind, are said to proceed from the Midriff being inflamed, and for that reason convulsed; wherefore the Ancients called the Diphragma Phrenes. Now historical. 1. In singular and plural. The diaphragm; (also) the pericardium or epigastrium. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > internal organs > diaphragm > [noun] midredeOE midriffeOE diaphragm1398 midgena1400 middleriff1598 traverse1601 riff1631 phren1706 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Phrenes,..the Membranes about the Heart; also the Diaphragm or Midriff. 1893 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Phren,..the diaphragm; also, the epigastrium. 2. The seat of the intellect, feelings, and will; the mind.In quots. 1824¹ and 1824², with allusion to phrenology n. 2. ΚΠ 1824 ‘E. Hirnschadel’ (title) Encephalology, or a very brief sketch of Dr. Hirnschadel's Ologies of the Cranion and Phren perfected by the Rationals. 1824 ‘E. Hirnschadel’ Encephalology vi. 96 They missed..the proper object of their own science, which was neither the cranion nor the phren. The object they both sought was the encephalus or brain, lying between the two. 1939 A. Crowley Eight Lect. Yoga 71 This Trance is very much higher than the Beatific Vision, for always in the latter it is the heart—the Phren—which is involved; in the former it is the Nous, the divine intelligence of man, whereas the heart is only the centre of the intellectual and moral faculties. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1706
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