phreaticadj.

Brit.

/frɪˈatɪk/, U.S.

/friˈædɪk/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French phréatique.

Etymology: < French phréatique (G. A. Daubrée Les eaux souterraines à l'époque actuelle (1887) I. ii. 19) < ancient Greek ϕρεατ- , ϕρέαρ well, cistern ( < the same Indo-European base as burn n.¹) + French -ique -ic suffix. In sense 2 after German phreatisch (1909 in the source translated in quot. 1909 at sense 2). Compare also Byzantine Greek ϕρεατικός of or from a well.The following suggests slightly earlier currency in English than quot. 1891 at sense 1:1892 R. Hay Final Geol. Rep. in Executive Documents U.S. Senate (52nd Congress, 1st Sess.) No. 41. ) iii. 8 Prof. Hill has given definitions of the technical words used by him, and to his list may be added the new word phreatic, which is a very convenient term for underground waters which can be, or which it is hoped may be, reached by wells or other sub-ground works. [Note] This word was first used in American hydro-geologic investigation by the Artesian and Underflow Office in 1890.

1. Physical Geography. Of, relating to, or designating water in the zone of saturation (below the water table), esp. that which is capable of movement. Cf. vadose adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > [adjective] > underground

phreatic1891

vadose1894

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [adjective] > well

puteal1656

well-like1743

phreatic1891

1891 R. J. Hinton Irrigation in U.S.: Progress Rep. for 1890 42 in Executive Documents U.S. Senate (51st Congress, 2nd Sess.) At the point at which most of them leave the mountain ranges there commences an enormous phreatic absorption of the volume of flow that has descended from the summit above.

1917 Econ. Geol. 12 494 Suess (1909, p. 655) appears to have included in ‘phreatic water’ that of connate origin as well as seepage water... The writer believes that the history of the word and practical expediency should make ‘phreatic’ mean the infiltered waters which are bounded above by the water-table.

1954 Times Lit. Suppl. 5 Feb. 93/2 Theories of their [sc. caves'] formation are classed as ‘vadose’ or ‘phreatic’ according as it is held that caves are formed above the water-table or below it.

1966 S. N. Davis & R. J. M. DeWiest Hydrogeol. ii. 42 The zone of phreatic water merges at depth into a zone of dense rock with some water in pores, although the pores are not interconnected so that water will not migrate.

1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 108 Where the top of the zone of saturation of an aquifer is a free-water surface it is known as the water table (or phreatic surface).

1990 A. S. Trenhaile Geomorphol. Canada x. 201 Phreatic passageways tend to be circular or elliptical in shape, and they have gentle overall gradients.

2. Geology. Of, relating to, or designating a volcanic eruption in which steam or mud is expelled as a result of the sudden heating of underground water when it comes into contact with hot magma or rock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [adjective] > volcanic activity > type or stage of

Vulcanian1892

Strombolian1897

Peléan1903

Plinian1903

phreatic1909

1909 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth IV. xvi. 568 Phreatic explosions. When juvenile hydrogen encounters an unlimited quantity of vadose water, we witness a spectacle such as was presented by Krakatoa in 1883... In this case the effect may have been due to phreatic water in the neighbourhood of the sea, but when phreatic water is confined in the fissures of a limestone formation, the explosion shatters the limestone.

1926 R. A. Daly Our Mobile Earth iv. 158 The 1924 explosion at Kilauea was of phreatic character.

1964 New Scientist 5 Mar. 585/2 The co-existence and maintenance of such ‘phreatic’ activity (here ascribable to sea water suddenly flashed into steam by contact with hot lava in a vent) with the contrasting fire-fountains, characteristic of ‘Strombolian’ volcanic activity.., calls for somewhat unusual conditions.

1976 P. Francis Volcanoes iv. 143 This steam sometimes blasts its way up to the surface through the lava, causing what is known as a phreatic explosion.

1991 Antiquity 65 1000/1 The precursory seismic activity combined with phreatic eruptions..may have led to the evacuation of Akrotiri.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phreatic
释义	phreaticadj. Brit. /frɪˈatɪk/, U.S. /friˈædɪk/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French phréatique. Etymology: < French phréatique (G. A. Daubrée Les eaux souterraines à l'époque actuelle (1887) I. ii. 19) < ancient Greek ϕρεατ- , ϕρέαρ well, cistern ( < the same Indo-European base as burn n.¹) + French -ique -ic suffix. In sense 2 after German phreatisch (1909 in the source translated in quot. 1909 at sense 2). Compare also Byzantine Greek ϕρεατικός of or from a well.The following suggests slightly earlier currency in English than quot. 1891 at sense 1:1892 R. Hay Final Geol. Rep. in Executive Documents U.S. Senate (52nd Congress, 1st Sess.) No. 41. ) iii. 8 Prof. Hill has given definitions of the technical words used by him, and to his list may be added the new word phreatic, which is a very convenient term for underground waters which can be, or which it is hoped may be, reached by wells or other sub-ground works. [Note] This word was first used in American hydro-geologic investigation by the Artesian and Underflow Office in 1890. 1. Physical Geography. Of, relating to, or designating water in the zone of saturation (below the water table), esp. that which is capable of movement. Cf. vadose adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > [adjective] > underground phreatic1891 vadose1894 the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [adjective] > well puteal1656 well-like1743 phreatic1891 1891 R. J. Hinton Irrigation in U.S.: Progress Rep. for 1890 42 in Executive Documents U.S. Senate (51st Congress, 2nd Sess.) At the point at which most of them leave the mountain ranges there commences an enormous phreatic absorption of the volume of flow that has descended from the summit above. 1917 Econ. Geol. 12 494 Suess (1909, p. 655) appears to have included in ‘phreatic water’ that of connate origin as well as seepage water... The writer believes that the history of the word and practical expediency should make ‘phreatic’ mean the infiltered waters which are bounded above by the water-table. 1954 Times Lit. Suppl. 5 Feb. 93/2 Theories of their [sc. caves'] formation are classed as ‘vadose’ or ‘phreatic’ according as it is held that caves are formed above the water-table or below it. 1966 S. N. Davis & R. J. M. DeWiest Hydrogeol. ii. 42 The zone of phreatic water merges at depth into a zone of dense rock with some water in pores, although the pores are not interconnected so that water will not migrate. 1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 108 Where the top of the zone of saturation of an aquifer is a free-water surface it is known as the water table (or phreatic surface). 1990 A. S. Trenhaile Geomorphol. Canada x. 201 Phreatic passageways tend to be circular or elliptical in shape, and they have gentle overall gradients. 2. Geology. Of, relating to, or designating a volcanic eruption in which steam or mud is expelled as a result of the sudden heating of underground water when it comes into contact with hot magma or rock. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [adjective] > volcanic activity > type or stage of Vulcanian1892 Strombolian1897 Peléan1903 Plinian1903 phreatic1909 1909 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth IV. xvi. 568 Phreatic explosions. When juvenile hydrogen encounters an unlimited quantity of vadose water, we witness a spectacle such as was presented by Krakatoa in 1883... In this case the effect may have been due to phreatic water in the neighbourhood of the sea, but when phreatic water is confined in the fissures of a limestone formation, the explosion shatters the limestone. 1926 R. A. Daly Our Mobile Earth iv. 158 The 1924 explosion at Kilauea was of phreatic character. 1964 New Scientist 5 Mar. 585/2 The co-existence and maintenance of such ‘phreatic’ activity (here ascribable to sea water suddenly flashed into steam by contact with hot lava in a vent) with the contrasting fire-fountains, characteristic of ‘Strombolian’ volcanic activity.., calls for somewhat unusual conditions. 1976 P. Francis Volcanoes iv. 143 This steam sometimes blasts its way up to the surface through the lava, causing what is known as a phreatic explosion. 1991 Antiquity 65 1000/1 The precursory seismic activity combined with phreatic eruptions..may have led to the evacuation of Akrotiri. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1891
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