piggybackv.

Brit.

/ˈpɪɡɪbak/, U.S.

/ˈpɪɡiˌbæk/

Forms: see piggyback adv.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: piggyback adv.

Etymology: < piggyback adv.

a. transitive. To give (a person) a piggyback; to carry by piggyback.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > transport or convey by carrying [verb (transitive)] > convey by carrying (of person) > a person > on the back

piggyback1895

1895 G. K. Chesterton Let. in M. Ward G. K. Chesterton (1944) iv. 55 A little boy pickabacking another little boy home.

1946 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 21 Sept. 5/7 A Mosinee lineman pounced on Olesen's back, who, undaunted, piggybacked his attacker for an additional six yards.

2000 Guelph (Ont.) Mercury (Nexis) 14 Oct. b1 The rain was coming down so hard that parents had to piggyback their kids home from school so they wouldn't drown.

b. transitive. figurative. To support (a person, project, etc.); to give aid or assistance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)]

helpc897

filsteOE

filsenc1175

gengc1175

succourc1250

ease1330

to do succourc1374

favour1393

underset1398

supply1428

aid1450

behelp1481

adminiculate?1532

subleve1542

to help a (lame) dog over a stile1546

adjuvate1553

to stand at ——1563

assista1578

opitulate1582

stead1582

bestead1591

help out (also through)1600

serve1629

facilitate1640

auxiliate1656

juvate1708

gammon1753

lame duck1963

piggyback1968

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)] > (a person) to do something

helpc1175

steadc1175

piggyback1968

1968 A. Diment Great Spy Race iv. 56 Mr Spont would have to piggy-back me all the way to get a commission but I didn't mind raising his hopes.

1985 USA Today 18 Oct. a6/2 OK, I'm willing to piggyback the kid with an artificial turf contract, or band instruments, or whatever they need.

a. intransitive. To ride piggyback; to travel on the back of someone or something else.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > transport or convey by carrying [verb (intransitive)] > be conveyed on person's back

piggyback1943

1943 D. Welch Jrnl. 22 Oct. (1952) 96 When I drew closer, I saw that it was a man giving a piggy-back to a woman... I overtook them and left them quietly piggy-backing in the country lane at night.

1960 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 3 May a18/4 We're chugging and piggy-backing our way to New Orleans.

2003 Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin) 19 Sept. 3 b An adorable pre-teen girl piggybacking on her mother's shoulders.

b. intransitive. figurative. To take advantage of or build on the work or effort of someone else. Frequently with on.

ΚΠ

1946 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 20 Feb. 4/1 That story should be pasted in the hats of all Democrats who piggy-backed into office!

1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 7 July 4- b/1 The women are content to let the men set the standards and then piggy-back on our efforts.

2002 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 30 July 27 It is basically an attempt..to piggyback on someone else's fame.

3. transitive. To mount or attach (something) on the top or back of something else; to use one thing to carry another. Frequently in passive. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

1955 Indiana (Pa.) Evening Gaz. 7 Feb. 9/1 Hamilton who was piggy-backing two diesel trucks eastward..crossed the highway and crashed into the bus.

1964 Science 21 Aug. (front matter) A ‘soft’ (easy to magnetize) magnetic tape is..overlaid, or piggybacked, by a ‘hard’ (difficult to magnetize) magnetic tape.

1979 Economist 17 Nov. 79/2 Why not piggy~back a federal sales tax on to the levies which people are used to paying and collecting?

2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 1 May 13 The other three shortlisted bids proposed piggybacking their signals on RTE's transmission network.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

piggybackadv.n.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɪɡɪbak/, U.S.

/ˈpɪɡiˌbæk/

Forms: With preposition

α. 1500s a pick-apack, 1500s 1700s on pick pack, 1500s–1600s on pick-pack, 1500s–1600s on pick-packe, 1500s–1700s a pick pack, 1600s a pick-a-pack, 1600s a picke a packe, 1600s a pick-pack, 1600s on pickpack, 1700s a pick a pack, 1700s a pickpack, 1800s a-pickpack (English regional).

β. 1500s a pickbacke, 1500s–1600s a pick back, 1600s–1700s a pick-back, 1700s– a pick-a-back (now English regional).

γ. 1700s on pig back; regional 1800s a pig back, 1800s– a pig-back.

Without preposition

α. 1500s pick-apack, 1500s pickpacke, 1600s–1800s pick-a-pack, 1600s–1800s pick-pack, 1800s pickpack, 1900s– pickapack.

β. 1500s pickbacke, 1500s 1700s–1800s pick-back, 1500s–1800s pickback, 1700s– pick-a-back, 1800s– pickaback, 1900s– picka-back; English regional 1800s pack-a-back, 1800s pack-aback, 1800s picki-back, 1800s– picky-back, 1900s– pickiback.

γ. 1800s pig-aback, 1800s pigga-back, 1800s– pig-a-back, 1800s– pig-back, 1800s– pigback, 1800s– piggy back, 1800s– piggy-back, 1900s– piggyback.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: pack n.¹, pick v.², back n.¹

Etymology: Origin and original form uncertain; the expression has clearly been analysed in many varying ways from a very early date. Perhaps a combination of pack n.¹ and pick v.² (i.e. ‘a pack pitched (on the back or shoulders)’, as suggested by the α. forms), or perhaps of back n.¹ and pick v.² (i.e. ‘pitched on the back or shoulders’, as suggested by the β. forms). The γ. forms, which are first attested considerably later, apparently show alteration by folk etymology, after pig n.¹ and piggy n.¹ The function (and identity) of the preposition found in many of the early forms is unclear; it probably shows on prep., a prep.¹ (although if so the precise meaning is unclear), as probably does also the medial syllable in forms such as a pick-a-pack , pick-a-pack . Influence of French à pic ‘vertically, perpendicularly’ (see a-peak adv.) has also been suggested. The development of the phrase has doubtless been influenced by internal rhyme, and it may be that all of the attested forms reflect a reduplicated form of an unattested original.Perhaps compare German huckepack on the back and shoulders of another person, animal, etc. (18th cent.; also huckeback ; < hucken to carry a load on one's back + German regional (Low German) Bak back n.¹).

A. adv.

On the back and shoulders of another person, animal, etc. Also in extended use: on top of a vehicle, building, etc. (cf. sense C. 2). Also figurative.

a. Preceded by on or a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [adverb] > on person's back

piggyback1564

α.

1564 J. Rastell Confut. Serm. M. Iuell f. 69^v What a tale is this, that the oblation of the church should be borne vpon an Angell (on pick pack perchaunce).

1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xxxix. xlvii. 329 Brandimart..leaps behind, a pick pack, on his backe, And holds his armes.

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre ii. vi. 30 in Wks. II By this light, I'le carry you away o' my backe... [stage direct.] He gets him vp on pick-packe.

1682 R. Westcot tr. J. Selden Reverse Eng. Janus Pref. sig. b1 Such creatures as carry the Goddess Nemesis on pickpack.

1722 H. Carey Hanging & Marriage i. iii. 20 My Goblin Ghost by Night shall be bloody uncivil, And carry you a pick a pack to the Devil.

β. 1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 42^v To easy..is that way to heauen, whereto we may be caried a pickbacke on a Roode.1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 76 For as our modern wits behold, Mounted a Pick-back on the Old.1726 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (ed. 2) II. xlviii. 108 The waves of a man's hopes that carry his wishes a pick-back to the skies, must be huge ones.1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1185 One of the leopards was carried by his keeper a pick-a-back.γ. 1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Lingæ Latinæ i. at Back To carry on pig back, humeris..ferre.1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Gloss. 284 A-piggy-back, A-pig-a-back, a mode of carrying a child on ones back, with his legs under ones arms, and his arms round ones neck.2002 Independent 16 Apr. i. 12/5 Dead and injured passengers were carried by stretcher and on piggyback from the site, which was inaccessible to helicopters and ambulances.

b. Without preposition.

ΚΠ

α.

1771 D. Celesia Almida 67 Out march'd the dames, but carry'd no stuft sack, They bore their loving husbands pick-a-pack!

1858 H. Mayhew Upper Rhine (1860) iv. §2 205 Like a cottage perched pick-a-pack on a church roof.

1894 Outing 24 438/2 [In China] we overtook a beggar and his wife traveling pick-a-pack along the stone road.

1901 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 1 115 She is thus carried pickapack, apparently much against her will and in consequence with many stoppages, to her future home.

β. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 12/1 [The pope] being caried pickbacke on mens shoulders.1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxvii. 411 If I find it necessary to carry you away, pick-a-back.1896 E. A. King Ital. Highways 114 Pulcinello..travels pick-a-back on the shoulders of a lean old woman.1919 M. Sinclair Mary Olivier i. i. 6 He carried her upstairs pickaback.1996 C. Middleton Intimate Chron. 51 Swallowtails with blue Anomalous bees riding them pickaback.γ. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Pig-back, on the back.1888 Voice (N.Y.) 31 May To see us perched ‘piggy-back’ crossing the stream.1948 S. J. Perelman Westward Ha! ii. 27 I was even carried piggy-back through some artificial saw-grass by a certified Swahili.1990 Word 41 379 Semantics would then ride piggyback on this broader reduction.

B. n.

1. A ride on a person's back and shoulders.In quot. a1592 apparently with the meaning ‘back’ (cf. back n.¹ 23d).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > conveyance of person on back

bull-backc1600

piggyback1901

a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. B2^v Marrie sir heele straight be on your pickpacke to knowe whether the feminine or the masculin gender be most worthie.

1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase II. lv. 232 Meanwhile, two thus doing piggy-back in reverse order, had gradually advanced to the door.

1901 Punch 2 Oct. 247/1 Oh, Mr. Green,..Effie..is so miserable because she hasn't had her donkey ride. Would you mind giving her a pick-a-back?

1936 L. A. G. Strong Last Enemy iii. 203 Ann came up. ‘Piggy-back, please,’ she said. ‘You mustn't worry poor Mr. Boyle. It's too hot.’..Ann, hoisted on Denis's back, turned to her.

1974 W. Foley Child in Forest i. 25 Our usual practice of running to meet him for pick-a-backs up the garden path.

1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 18 Apr. 26/4 Half of them are giving the other half piggybacks.

2. In extended use: a system whereby one thing is carried on top of or by another; an example of this; an object carried in this way. Cf. sense C. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > without sides

truck1838

trolley1858

flatcar1881

piggyback1946

1946 L. E. O. Charlton Britain at War: R.A.F. & U.S.A.A.F., July 1943–Sept. 1944 306 The ‘pick-a-back’ consisting of an Me 109 fighter mounted on the back of a Ju 88.

1954 Railway Age 26 July 3/2 Further expansion of piggyback by the Chicago & North Western took effect on July 15.

1973 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 21 Sept. 9/6 The CPR diesels still thunder through the hamlet with their cargoes of ‘piggy backs’.

2001 Birmingham Business Jrnl. (Nexis) 19 Oct. 1 Intermodal service, also called ‘piggyback’, involves shipping truck trailers on flatbed rail cars.

C. adj.

1. That involves carrying or being carried on a person's back and shoulders.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [adjective] > on person's back

piggyback1784

1784 T. Davies Dramatic Misc. I. 275 So much time was consumed in this pick-a-back business, that the spectators grew tired.

1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Jan. 7/2 E'en whipt him over his shoulders, pick-a-back fashion.

1864 C. Knight Passages Working Life I. ii. 89 A pickaback ride through the surf in a dirty fellow's grasp.

1944 Sun (Baltimore) 13 July 9/2 Two Liberator crewmen with only one parachute between them made a ‘piggyback’ leap recently from a burning bomber.

1995 J. Banville Athena 26 A farm girl I knew when I was a child who used to give me piggyback rides.

2. In extended use: designating a system whereby one object is carried on top of or by another.Examples of such systems are an aircraft, rocket, or satellite carried on a larger craft (usually for launching in mid-flight), or a truck, container, etc., carried on a flatbed railway car.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [adjective] > types of railway carriage or wagon

platformed1883

blind1893

piggyback1936

vacuum-fitted1937

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > to which another aircraft is attached

piggyback1936

1936 Sun (Baltimore) 6 July 9/1 Progress on the pick-a-back airplane, a combination in which a ‘mother’ plane will carry on its back a smaller long range seaplane for ‘launching’ at high altitude is more secret.

1953 Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Jrnl. 3 Nov. 6 ‘Piggy back railroading’ (hauling truck trailers on flat cars) [had] been hailed..as a strikingly simple idea for abating highway congestion and cutting the high price of trucking.

1960 Daily Tel. 23 June 1/4 Two ‘pick-a-back’ satellites were launched by the same rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, early today.

1977 Time 14 Feb. 54/3 The orbiter will be ‘mated’ to a carrier plane, a Boeing 747 with special mounts on top... The piggyback pair will first run up and down the Edwards runway to test for vibration and stability.

1992 Sci. Amer. Aug. 106/2 Intermodal trains have evolved over the decades since the first piggyback semitrailers on flat cars.

Compounds

piggyback plant n. a hardy North American perennial, Tolmiea menziesii (family Saxifragaceae), which reproduces by plantlets arising from the sinuses of the leaf-blades and is grown for ground cover.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > saxifrage and allies > [noun]

sengreenc1000

wayworta1300

saxifragec1440

stonebreak1548

grass of Parnassus1578

mountain pennywort1578

white liverwort1597

breakstone1688

Parnassia1727

mitella1731

lady's cushion1739

tiarella1759

American bastard sanicle1760

sanicle1760

mitrewort1771

queen's cushion1825

bishop's-cap1839

astilbe1843

coolwort1848

mitrewort1848

rodgersia1874

chrysosplene1877

rockfoil1879

old man's beard1882

foam flower1895

Indian rhubarb1897

mossy1938

piggyback plant1946

heucherella1949

1946 M. Free All about House Plants xviii. 275 The Picka-back Plant has come very much to the fore as a house plant.

1966 D. McClintock Compan. to Flowers viii. 122 Viviparous plants produce bulbils..where usually fruit is... Other plants may have similar shoots from their leaves, e.g. the Pick-a-back plant Tolmiea Menziesii.

1992 Garden Answers Jan. 37 (caption) The piggyback plant, Tolmiea menziesii, is quite hardy and will survive well outside or in a pot.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	piggyback
释义	piggybackv. Brit. /ˈpɪɡɪbak/, U.S. /ˈpɪɡiˌbæk/ Forms: see piggyback adv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: piggyback adv. Etymology: < piggyback adv. 1. a. transitive. To give (a person) a piggyback; to carry by piggyback. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > transport or convey by carrying [verb (transitive)] > convey by carrying (of person) > a person > on the back piggyback1895 1895 G. K. Chesterton Let. in M. Ward G. K. Chesterton (1944) iv. 55 A little boy pickabacking another little boy home. 1946 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 21 Sept. 5/7 A Mosinee lineman pounced on Olesen's back, who, undaunted, piggybacked his attacker for an additional six yards. 2000 Guelph (Ont.) Mercury (Nexis) 14 Oct. b1 The rain was coming down so hard that parents had to piggyback their kids home from school so they wouldn't drown. b. transitive. figurative. To support (a person, project, etc.); to give aid or assistance. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)] helpc897 filsteOE filsenc1175 gengc1175 succourc1250 ease1330 to do succourc1374 favour1393 underset1398 supply1428 aid1450 behelp1481 adminiculate?1532 subleve1542 to help a (lame) dog over a stile1546 adjuvate1553 to stand at ——1563 assista1578 opitulate1582 stead1582 bestead1591 help out (also through)1600 serve1629 facilitate1640 auxiliate1656 juvate1708 gammon1753 lame duck1963 piggyback1968 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)] > (a person) to do something helpc1175 steadc1175 piggyback1968 1968 A. Diment Great Spy Race iv. 56 Mr Spont would have to piggy-back me all the way to get a commission but I didn't mind raising his hopes. 1985 USA Today 18 Oct. a6/2 OK, I'm willing to piggyback the kid with an artificial turf contract, or band instruments, or whatever they need. 2. a. intransitive. To ride piggyback; to travel on the back of someone or something else. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > transport or convey by carrying [verb (intransitive)] > be conveyed on person's back piggyback1943 1943 D. Welch Jrnl. 22 Oct. (1952) 96 When I drew closer, I saw that it was a man giving a piggy-back to a woman... I overtook them and left them quietly piggy-backing in the country lane at night. 1960 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 3 May a18/4 We're chugging and piggy-backing our way to New Orleans. 2003 Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin) 19 Sept. 3 b An adorable pre-teen girl piggybacking on her mother's shoulders. b. intransitive. figurative. To take advantage of or build on the work or effort of someone else. Frequently with on. ΚΠ 1946 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 20 Feb. 4/1 That story should be pasted in the hats of all Democrats who piggy-backed into office! 1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 7 July 4- b/1 The women are content to let the men set the standards and then piggy-back on our efforts. 2002 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 30 July 27 It is basically an attempt..to piggyback on someone else's fame. 3. transitive. To mount or attach (something) on the top or back of something else; to use one thing to carry another. Frequently in passive. Also figurative. ΚΠ 1955 Indiana (Pa.) Evening Gaz. 7 Feb. 9/1 Hamilton who was piggy-backing two diesel trucks eastward..crossed the highway and crashed into the bus. 1964 Science 21 Aug. (front matter) A ‘soft’ (easy to magnetize) magnetic tape is..overlaid, or piggybacked, by a ‘hard’ (difficult to magnetize) magnetic tape. 1979 Economist 17 Nov. 79/2 Why not piggy~back a federal sales tax on to the levies which people are used to paying and collecting? 2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 1 May 13 The other three shortlisted bids proposed piggybacking their signals on RTE's transmission network. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). piggybackadv.n.adj. Brit. /ˈpɪɡɪbak/, U.S. /ˈpɪɡiˌbæk/ Forms: With preposition α. 1500s a pick-apack, 1500s 1700s on pick pack, 1500s–1600s on pick-pack, 1500s–1600s on pick-packe, 1500s–1700s a pick pack, 1600s a pick-a-pack, 1600s a picke a packe, 1600s a pick-pack, 1600s on pickpack, 1700s a pick a pack, 1700s a pickpack, 1800s a-pickpack (English regional). β. 1500s a pickbacke, 1500s–1600s a pick back, 1600s–1700s a pick-back, 1700s– a pick-a-back (now English regional). γ. 1700s on pig back; regional 1800s a pig back, 1800s– a pig-back. Without preposition α. 1500s pick-apack, 1500s pickpacke, 1600s–1800s pick-a-pack, 1600s–1800s pick-pack, 1800s pickpack, 1900s– pickapack. β. 1500s pickbacke, 1500s 1700s–1800s pick-back, 1500s–1800s pickback, 1700s– pick-a-back, 1800s– pickaback, 1900s– picka-back; English regional 1800s pack-a-back, 1800s pack-aback, 1800s picki-back, 1800s– picky-back, 1900s– pickiback. γ. 1800s pig-aback, 1800s pigga-back, 1800s– pig-a-back, 1800s– pig-back, 1800s– pigback, 1800s– piggy back, 1800s– piggy-back, 1900s– piggyback. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: pack n.¹, pick v.², back n.¹ Etymology: Origin and original form uncertain; the expression has clearly been analysed in many varying ways from a very early date. Perhaps a combination of pack n.¹ and pick v.² (i.e. ‘a pack pitched (on the back or shoulders)’, as suggested by the α. forms), or perhaps of back n.¹ and pick v.² (i.e. ‘pitched on the back or shoulders’, as suggested by the β. forms). The γ. forms, which are first attested considerably later, apparently show alteration by folk etymology, after pig n.¹ and piggy n.¹ The function (and identity) of the preposition found in many of the early forms is unclear; it probably shows on prep., a prep.¹ (although if so the precise meaning is unclear), as probably does also the medial syllable in forms such as a pick-a-pack , pick-a-pack . Influence of French à pic ‘vertically, perpendicularly’ (see a-peak adv.) has also been suggested. The development of the phrase has doubtless been influenced by internal rhyme, and it may be that all of the attested forms reflect a reduplicated form of an unattested original.Perhaps compare German huckepack on the back and shoulders of another person, animal, etc. (18th cent.; also huckeback ; < hucken to carry a load on one's back + German regional (Low German) Bak back n.¹). A. adv. On the back and shoulders of another person, animal, etc. Also in extended use: on top of a vehicle, building, etc. (cf. sense C. 2). Also figurative. a. Preceded by on or a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [adverb] > on person's back piggyback1564 α. 1564 J. Rastell Confut. Serm. M. Iuell f. 69^v What a tale is this, that the oblation of the church should be borne vpon an Angell (on pick pack perchaunce). 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xxxix. xlvii. 329 Brandimart..leaps behind, a pick pack, on his backe, And holds his armes. 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre ii. vi. 30 in Wks. II By this light, I'le carry you away o' my backe... [stage direct.] He gets him vp on pick-packe. 1682 R. Westcot tr. J. Selden Reverse Eng. Janus Pref. sig. b1 Such creatures as carry the Goddess Nemesis on pickpack. 1722 H. Carey Hanging & Marriage i. iii. 20 My Goblin Ghost by Night shall be bloody uncivil, And carry you a pick a pack to the Devil. β. 1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 42^v To easy..is that way to heauen, whereto we may be caried a pickbacke on a Roode.1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 76 For as our modern wits behold, Mounted a Pick-back on the Old.1726 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (ed. 2) II. xlviii. 108 The waves of a man's hopes that carry his wishes a pick-back to the skies, must be huge ones.1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1185 One of the leopards was carried by his keeper a pick-a-back.γ. 1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Lingæ Latinæ i. at Back To carry on pig back, humeris..ferre.1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Gloss. 284 A-piggy-back, A-pig-a-back, a mode of carrying a child on ones back, with his legs under ones arms, and his arms round ones neck.2002 Independent 16 Apr. i. 12/5 Dead and injured passengers were carried by stretcher and on piggyback from the site, which was inaccessible to helicopters and ambulances. b. Without preposition. ΚΠ α. 1771 D. Celesia Almida 67 Out march'd the dames, but carry'd no stuft sack, They bore their loving husbands pick-a-pack! 1858 H. Mayhew Upper Rhine (1860) iv. §2 205 Like a cottage perched pick-a-pack on a church roof. 1894 Outing 24 438/2 [In China] we overtook a beggar and his wife traveling pick-a-pack along the stone road. 1901 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 1 115 She is thus carried pickapack, apparently much against her will and in consequence with many stoppages, to her future home. β. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 12/1 [The pope] being caried pickbacke on mens shoulders.1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxvii. 411 If I find it necessary to carry you away, pick-a-back.1896 E. A. King Ital. Highways 114 Pulcinello..travels pick-a-back on the shoulders of a lean old woman.1919 M. Sinclair Mary Olivier i. i. 6 He carried her upstairs pickaback.1996 C. Middleton Intimate Chron. 51 Swallowtails with blue Anomalous bees riding them pickaback.γ. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Pig-back, on the back.1888 Voice (N.Y.) 31 May To see us perched ‘piggy-back’ crossing the stream.1948 S. J. Perelman Westward Ha! ii. 27 I was even carried piggy-back through some artificial saw-grass by a certified Swahili.1990 Word 41 379 Semantics would then ride piggyback on this broader reduction. B. n. 1. A ride on a person's back and shoulders.In quot. a1592 apparently with the meaning ‘back’ (cf. back n.¹ 23d). ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > conveyance of person on back bull-backc1600 piggyback1901 a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. B2^v Marrie sir heele straight be on your pickpacke to knowe whether the feminine or the masculin gender be most worthie. 1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase II. lv. 232 Meanwhile, two thus doing piggy-back in reverse order, had gradually advanced to the door. 1901 Punch 2 Oct. 247/1 Oh, Mr. Green,..Effie..is so miserable because she hasn't had her donkey ride. Would you mind giving her a pick-a-back? 1936 L. A. G. Strong Last Enemy iii. 203 Ann came up. ‘Piggy-back, please,’ she said. ‘You mustn't worry poor Mr. Boyle. It's too hot.’..Ann, hoisted on Denis's back, turned to her. 1974 W. Foley Child in Forest i. 25 Our usual practice of running to meet him for pick-a-backs up the garden path. 1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 18 Apr. 26/4 Half of them are giving the other half piggybacks. 2. In extended use: a system whereby one thing is carried on top of or by another; an example of this; an object carried in this way. Cf. sense C. 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > without sides truck1838 trolley1858 flatcar1881 piggyback1946 1946 L. E. O. Charlton Britain at War: R.A.F. & U.S.A.A.F., July 1943–Sept. 1944 306 The ‘pick-a-back’ consisting of an Me 109 fighter mounted on the back of a Ju 88. 1954 Railway Age 26 July 3/2 Further expansion of piggyback by the Chicago & North Western took effect on July 15. 1973 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 21 Sept. 9/6 The CPR diesels still thunder through the hamlet with their cargoes of ‘piggy backs’. 2001 Birmingham Business Jrnl. (Nexis) 19 Oct. 1 Intermodal service, also called ‘piggyback’, involves shipping truck trailers on flatbed rail cars. C. adj. 1. That involves carrying or being carried on a person's back and shoulders. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [adjective] > on person's back piggyback1784 1784 T. Davies Dramatic Misc. I. 275 So much time was consumed in this pick-a-back business, that the spectators grew tired. 1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Jan. 7/2 E'en whipt him over his shoulders, pick-a-back fashion. 1864 C. Knight Passages Working Life I. ii. 89 A pickaback ride through the surf in a dirty fellow's grasp. 1944 Sun (Baltimore) 13 July 9/2 Two Liberator crewmen with only one parachute between them made a ‘piggyback’ leap recently from a burning bomber. 1995 J. Banville Athena 26 A farm girl I knew when I was a child who used to give me piggyback rides. 2. In extended use: designating a system whereby one object is carried on top of or by another.Examples of such systems are an aircraft, rocket, or satellite carried on a larger craft (usually for launching in mid-flight), or a truck, container, etc., carried on a flatbed railway car. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [adjective] > types of railway carriage or wagon platformed1883 blind1893 piggyback1936 vacuum-fitted1937 society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > to which another aircraft is attached piggyback1936 1936 Sun (Baltimore) 6 July 9/1 Progress on the pick-a-back airplane, a combination in which a ‘mother’ plane will carry on its back a smaller long range seaplane for ‘launching’ at high altitude is more secret. 1953 Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Jrnl. 3 Nov. 6 ‘Piggy back railroading’ (hauling truck trailers on flat cars) [had] been hailed..as a strikingly simple idea for abating highway congestion and cutting the high price of trucking. 1960 Daily Tel. 23 June 1/4 Two ‘pick-a-back’ satellites were launched by the same rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, early today. 1977 Time 14 Feb. 54/3 The orbiter will be ‘mated’ to a carrier plane, a Boeing 747 with special mounts on top... The piggyback pair will first run up and down the Edwards runway to test for vibration and stability. 1992 Sci. Amer. Aug. 106/2 Intermodal trains have evolved over the decades since the first piggyback semitrailers on flat cars. Compounds piggyback plant n. a hardy North American perennial, Tolmiea menziesii (family Saxifragaceae), which reproduces by plantlets arising from the sinuses of the leaf-blades and is grown for ground cover. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > saxifrage and allies > [noun] sengreenc1000 wayworta1300 saxifragec1440 stonebreak1548 grass of Parnassus1578 mountain pennywort1578 white liverwort1597 breakstone1688 Parnassia1727 mitella1731 lady's cushion1739 tiarella1759 American bastard sanicle1760 sanicle1760 mitrewort1771 queen's cushion1825 bishop's-cap1839 astilbe1843 coolwort1848 mitrewort1848 rodgersia1874 chrysosplene1877 rockfoil1879 old man's beard1882 foam flower1895 Indian rhubarb1897 mossy1938 piggyback plant1946 heucherella1949 1946 M. Free All about House Plants xviii. 275 The Picka-back Plant has come very much to the fore as a house plant. 1966 D. McClintock Compan. to Flowers viii. 122 Viviparous plants produce bulbils..where usually fruit is... Other plants may have similar shoots from their leaves, e.g. the Pick-a-back plant Tolmiea Menziesii. 1992 Garden Answers Jan. 37 (caption) The piggyback plant, Tolmiea menziesii, is quite hardy and will survive well outside or in a pot. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1895adv.n.adj.1564
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