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单词 photograph
释义

photographn.

Brit. /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/, /ˈfəʊtəɡraf/, U.S. /ˈfoʊdəˌɡræf/
Forms: 1800s– photograph, 1900s photograf (rare), 1900s– photiegraph (Scottish), 1900s– photygraph (Scottish).
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: photo- comb. form, -graph comb. form.
Etymology: < photo- comb. form + -graph comb. form, after photographic adj., photography n. Compare French photographe photographer (1842; 1841 in an isolated attestation in sense ‘photography’ or ‘photographic apparatus’; 1836 in an isolated attestation in sense ‘author who writes about light’), photographie photographic proof, photograph (1854).
1. A picture or image obtained by photography; (originally) a picture made using a camera in which an image is focused on to sensitive material and then made visible and permanent by chemical treatment; (later also) a picture made by focusing an image and then storing it digitally.Sometimes, esp. in early use: an image made directly on to a light-sensitive surface without the use of a camera (now called a photogram).colour, enamelled, kite-, oblique, passport, shadow-, streak, wire-photograph: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > [noun]
photograph1839
sun picture1839
light picture1846
photogene1851
photogram1857
photo1860
photographeme1864
photie1931
1839 J. F. W. Herschel Let. 22 May in L. J. Schaaf Sel. Corr. W. H. F. Talbot (1994) 25 I yesterday succeeded in producing a photograph on glass.
1840 J. F. W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 130 2 A much more important line of enquiry..appeared to be the exact reproduction of indefinitely multiplied fac-similes of an original photograph.
1841 W. H. F. Talbot Brit. Patent 8842 4 It is possible to strengthen and revive photographs.
1843 J. F. W. Herschel in Abstr. Papers Royal Soc. 4 132 Pure water will fix the photograph by washing out the nitrate of silver. [Note] Twenty-three specimens of photographs, made by Sir John Herschel, accompany this paper; one a sketch of his telescope at Slough fixed from the image in a lens.
1861 G. M. Musgrave By-roads in Picardy 238 As evanescent as a photograph, which grows faint and fainter in tint the longer it remains exposed to the sun and air.
1863 W. James Let. 13 Sept. (1920) I. 51 I send a photograph of Gen. Sickles.
1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab xi. 203 All our photographs..have failed, from an accident before they were developed.
1901 Munsey's Mag. Aug. 649/1 The first man to obtain a permanent photograph, in the modern sense of the word, was Nicephore Niepce, a Frenchman, who died in 1833.
1914 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. II. iv. iv. 949 Corridors hung with Arundel prints and faded photographs of cathedrals.
1930 V. Sackville-West Edwardians ii. 88 Your photograph will appear in the illustrated papers.
1970 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 81 20 A long exposure photograph with the 200-inch..optical telescope at Mt Palomar revealed a thirteenth magnitude object.
1998 Proc. SPIE (Internat. Soc. Optical Engin.) 3308 2 Digital cameras are of increasing significance..where..product and catalog photographs or advertising photos of high quality have to be taken.
2001 C. Friend in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 20 Figure 1 shows a mammogram: an X-ray photograph of the breast.
2. figurative. A mental, verbal, or auditory image or delineation; a description having the exact detail of a photograph.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [noun] > graphic or vivid > a vivid description
imagec1522
picture1531
portraiture1592
portrait1596
word picture1835
photograph1841
pen portrait1850
1841 M. Lemon What will World Say? IV. i. i. 9 Tarra, my boy, you are a genius—a mental photograph.
1848 Q. Rev. 84 161 ‘Vanity Fair’ is..a literal photograph of the manners and habits of the nineteenth century.
1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness x. 94 [In the gospels] you have four photographs of Our Lord in different postures.
1907 A. R. Diefendorf Clin. Psych. (ed. 2) B. 29 The concepts thus developed are a sort of composite photograph or generalization of experience.
1934 J. Lomax in Musical Q. 20 181 in The hundred and fifty new [recordings of] tunes that we brought to the Library [of Congress] at the end of the summer are, therefore, in a very true sense, sound-photographs of Negro songs.
1996 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 7 Apr. (Book Review section) 10 ‘City of Angles’ is a good-natured, meandering sort of book... It is a verbal photograph of a city that is changing so fast that by the time the film is developed, the picture already seems quaint.

Compounds

General attributive.
photograph album n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > [noun] > photograph gallery or album
photograph gallery1858
photograph albuma1861
photograph book1862
a1861 A. Lewis Hist. of Lynn (1865) 409 The photograph album appeared on the centre-table of the mansion and shelf of the cot, often dearer than the Bible itself.
1940 T. S. Eliot East Coker v. 14 The evening with the photograph album.
1999 Writing Mag. Dec. 19/1 A woman being whisked down memory lane by a photograph album or a box of mementoes.
photograph book n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > [noun] > photograph gallery or album
photograph gallery1858
photograph albuma1861
photograph book1862
1862 W. M. Thackeray Let. 9 May (1946) IV. 263 The daughter and grandchildren..look at us out of our photograph book so innocent & pretty.
1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere I. i. iii. 76 Mrs. Seaton was severely turning over a photograph book.
1996 M. Burgess Junk (1997) xi. 118 It was enormous, about half a metre tall—one of those art photograph books—black and white piccies.
photograph camera n.
ΚΠ
1887 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 19 Apr. That isn't a watch, though it is made to represent one. It is a photograph camera.
1900 Daily News 19 Apr. 7/1 The photograph camera can be the biggest liar on the face of the earth.
2002 CNNFN (Nexis) 10 Dec. The technology which we're using for these photograph cameras.
photograph frame n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > [noun] > mounting or material
photograph frame1863
stereo card1975
1863 V. Penny Employments of Women 249 I employ fourteen women in manufacturing and finishing lithoconia photograph frames.
1995 Independent on Sunday 2 July (Business section) B9/3 There are hardstone animals, exquisite photograph frames, jewelled bell-pushes and desk sets, clocks [etc.].
photograph gallery n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > [noun] > photograph gallery or album
photograph gallery1858
photograph albuma1861
photograph book1862
1858 F. J. Cook Let. 19 Sept. in F. G. Bascom Lett. Ticonderoga Farmer (1946) 46 I..visited..Brady's celebrated photograph gallery.
2003 Guardian (Nexis) 17 June 68 There is also a photograph gallery that includes both attractive views and examples of severe weather conditions.

Derivatives

ˈphotograph-like adj.
ΚΠ
1896 Westm. Gaz. 26 Sept. 3/2 The inimitable sketches of life in that little country town were at once recognised for their photograph-like fidelity.
1953 Jrnl. Aesthetics & Art Crit. 12 230 Aristotle is then interpreted as if he were exclusively preoccupied with photograph-like painting.
2000 Art Rev. Dec. 55/3 I think the original 1970s photorealists wanted to make something more photograph-like than a photo.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

photographv.

Brit. /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/, /ˈfəʊtəɡraf/, U.S. /ˈfoʊdəˌɡræf/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: photograph n.
Etymology: < photograph n., probably after French photographier (1834: see M. Wiedemann in Cahiers lexicol. 43 (1983) 90–95; subsequently also in extended use in sense ‘to record with rigorous exactitude’ (1854)).
1.
a. transitive. To take a photograph of.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > photograph [verb (transitive)]
photograph1839
take1839
photogenize1841
photographize1841
to fire off1860
photo1865
1839 J. F. W. Herschel MS. Mem. (on 2 Negatives)Photographed Feb. 17 /39. Hyp. Sod.’—‘Hyp. So., Hy. Su.; J.F.W.H. Photogr. Feb. 17 /39’.
1861 G. M. Musgrave By-roads in Picardy 25 Mons. Souquet has photographed it.
1898 T. Watts-Dunton Aylwin i. vi One Raxton fair-day I induced Winnie to be photographed.
1932 Illustr. London News 5 Nov. 710/1 The primary object of the expedition was to photograph the mountain gorilla.
1966 R. Ellmann in Lett. J. Joyce III. facing p. 160 (caption) James Joyce photographed by Sylvia Beach on Bloomsday, 1925.
1994 NDT&E Internat. 27 89 A filmless X-ray imaging system..in which an inexpensive CCD-based video camera is used to photograph the image from a simple fluorescent screen.
2004 Time Out 31 Mar. 49/1 Photographing real flowers as lovingly as this would be a way of bestowing immortality on the subject and the artist.
b. intransitive. To practise photography, take photographs. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > take photograph [verb (intransitive)]
photograph1857
fire1859
click1937
1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago III. i. 37 If any one will ensure me a poor two thousand a year, I will promise to photograph no more.
1861 T. Carlyle Let. 24 July in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (2009) XXXVII. 190 That charming bit of ‘Diary’... It is..faithful as a picture by the sun;..photographing for us in that manner.
1983 P. Rowland Underwater Photographer's Handbk. iii. 86 (caption) Fortunately, you do not need tanks and extra equipment to photograph in shallow water.
1990 D. McCullin Unreasonable Behaviour ix. 55 When I realised I had been given the go-ahead to photograph, I started composing my pictures in a very serious and dignified way.
c. intransitive. To appear in a photograph, esp. in a specified way; to come out well, badly, etc., in a photograph.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > take photograph [verb (intransitive)] > be photographed
take1854
photograph1893
polyfoto1945
1893 Chambers's Jrnl. 28 Oct. 676/1 I do not photograph at all well.
?1902 W. B. Yeats Let. 5 Mar. (1994) III. 158 I..looked for my photographs... They are realy [sic] horrid things—I photograph very badly.
1919 Conquest Nov. 24/1 The red leaves of autumn photograph as black.
1965 Listener 18 Nov. 817/2 Wales photographs beautifully: the short, slated roofs, the coal-tips and the valleys, the terraced houses on grey streets—none of them loses much in black and white reproduction.
1974 ‘E. Lathen’ Sweet & Low xix. 183 I don't like the way he photographs. Yours is the face I want.
2003 W. Brandt Bk. of Film of Story of my Life xvi. 290 I have to say, this whole tropical island thing is a bit of a have. It photographs well but that's about it.
2. transitive. figurative. To portray vividly in words; to fix or impress in the mind or memory.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > describe [verb (transitive)] > in detail or graphically
descrive?c1225
depaint1382
painta1387
portraya1387
huea1525
portrait1581
imagea1586
picture1586
pencil1610
detail1650
depict1713
depicture1798
daguerreotype1839
word-paint1839
photograph1849
Kodak1892
1849 C. Brontë Let. ?c10 Feb. (2000) II. 181 The curates and their ongoings are merely photographed from the life.
a1859 Lady Morgan Memoirs (1862) I. iii. 21 These wild, incredible, and apparently fabulous scenes..are indelibly photographed on a memory from which few things..have been effaced.
1885 Outing Apr. 50 This morning I follow the railway track around the famous ‘Cape Horn’, a place that never fails to photograph itself permanently upon the memory of all who once see it.
1977 ‘J. Fraser’ Hearts Ease in Death vii. 63 Aveyard glanced around, his eyes photographing what he could see.
1993 USA Weekend 24 Apr. 20/3 His letter home ‘photographed’ what he saw inside the camp's buildings.

Derivatives

ˈphotographed adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > [adjective] > pictured in photograph
photographed1860
1860 in Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. (1863) 7 p. iv The photographed and traced copies of it herewith forwarded to your address.
1979 J. Hunt Unseen Yeti in O. Davies Omni Bk. Paranormal & Mind iv. xvi. 170 Photographed tracks of European brown bears in the Pindus Mountains of central Greece.
2004 Gold Coast Bulletin (Australia) (Nexis) 13 Jan. t4 A series of stunningly photographed models in various poses around a pole.
ˈphotographing n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > [noun]
photographing1850
lensing1942
1850 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 340 The light hitherto used for photographing is that of the camphene lamp.
1948 Life 6 Sept. 108/2 Right now I don't do much photographing of the king. You see, I want to remember him the way he was in his really active days.
1991 Bird Watching June 14/1 It was not until..a friend loaned me a 500mm mirror lens, that the move from watching to photographing began.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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