| 释义 |
Philistinen.adj. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin Philistinus; French Philistin. Etymology: In α. forms originally < post-classical Latin Philistinus (see below); subsequently reinforced by French Philistin (c1190 in Old French) < post-classical Latin Philistinus , usually in plural Philistini (also Philisthini , Palaesthini , all in Vulgate) < Hellenistic Greek Φυλιστῖνοι , Παλαιστῖνοι (both in Josephus), alteration (compare -ine suffix2) of Hellenistic Greek Φυλιστιιμ (see below); in β. forms < post-classical Latin Philisthiim (Vulgate), corresponding to Hellenistic Greek Φυλιστιιμ (Septuagint; also Φυλιστιείμ , Byzantine Greek Φιλιστιείμ (4th cent.)) < Hebrew pĕlištīm , plural noun < pĕlištī (adjective) Philistine < pĕlešeṯ Philistia (compare Assyrian Palastu , Pilistu ). Compare Palestine n. The word has been very doubtfully explained as meaning originally ‘wanderers, immigrants’, but it was more probably a native name of the people, appearing in ancient Egyptian records of about 1180 b.c. that mention invaders from the eastern Mediterranean in the form plst or prst (possibly vocalized as Palusata or Purusati ). Compare Philistee n. With use as adjective compare earlier Philistian adj.The Greek, Latin, English forms in -είμ , -im , directly represent the Hebrew plural pĕlištīm ; with Philistims compare Anakims (see Anak n.), cherubims (see cherub n.), etc. Further plural forms include Hellenistic Greek Φιλιστιαῖοι , Byzantine Greek Φυλιστιαῖοι (4th cent.), post-classical Latin Philistaei , Philisthaei , Philisthei (compare Philistee n.). In sense A. 2 after German Philister (see philister n.). With sense B. 3 compare post-classical Latin philistinus secular (1570 in a British source). N.E.D.(1906) also gives pronunciations (fi·listin) /ˈfɪlɪstɪn/ and (fili·stin) /fɪˈlɪstɪn/ and states that the latter ‘occurs chiefly in U.S.’ In the 19th cent. this was the usual pronunciation given in U.S. dictionaries; during the 20th cent. pronunciation with stress on the initial syllable became more usual, but that with second-syllable stress and a short vowel in the third syllable is still attested. A. n. 1. the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [noun] > person α. eOE (Corpus Cambr. 422) ii. 192 Filistina flet, fæsten Creca, wudu Egipta, wæter Mathea, cludas Coreffes, Caldea rice. OE Homily (Hatton 115) in D. G. Scragg (1992) 177 Se Samson ealle Fillestina þeode gererde & heora duguþe afylde. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xvii. 4 A bastard man wente out fro þe tentis of philistynes [a1425 L.V. Filisteis, L. Philisthinorum], Goliath of geth bi name. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 7150 (MED) Agh i for to haue na wite To do philistens [v.rr. philistiens] despite. c1450 (a1425) (Selden) 10170 (MED) Þei toke þer counsell..who suld haue force þem to dyffend agayns þe phylysteyns. 1535 1 Sam. xvii. 10 Am not I a Philistyne? 1579 in J. G. Nichols (1859) (Camden) 25 The asses of the Philystines wer made of sylver by Godes commande. 1611 1 Sam. xvii. 26 Who is this vncircumcised Philistine ? View more context for this quotation 1649 26 Dec. 287 They should..come to these tyrannical Philistins, to have their weapons sharpen'd. 1745 Oct. 552/2 Sampson, slumb'ring on a harlot's knee, with ease was fetter'd, dreaming he was free; But—The Philistines come! 1812 Countess Granville (1894) I. 40 I feel a little like ‘The Philistines are upon thee, Samson’. 1855 H. H. Milman VI. xiii. xi. 250 They thought it but compliance with the Divine command to dispeople the lands of the Philistines, the Edomites, and the Moabites. 1963 M. L. King iii. 17 ‘Thou shalt not kill’ meant ‘Thou shalt not kill a fellow Israelite, but for God's sake, kill a Philistine’. 1995 10 Aug. 44/1 Egyptian war chariots..raced across the plains of Armageddon and Kadesh, there to clash with Assyrians, Hittites, Philistines, and anyone else who cared to join in. the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun] > deadly enemy > applied to persons regarded as 'the enemy' 1600 T. Dekker sig. Diijv Looke here Maggy, help me Firk, apparrel me Hodge, silke and satten you mad Philistines, silke and satten. 1687 J. Dryden ii. 33 Times are mended well Since late among the Philistines you fell. 1699 B. E. Philistines, Serjeants Bailiffs and their Crew; also Drunkards. 1738 J. Swift 14 They say, you went to Court last Night very drunk: Nay, I'm told for certain, you had been among Philistines. 1752 H. Fielding II. v. vii. 141 If he had fallen into the Hands of the Philistines, (which is the Name given by the Pious to Bailiffs). 1775 R. B. Sheridan v. i Above all, there is that blood thirsty Philistine, Sir Lucius O'Trigger. 1819 W. Scott I. ix. 185 See, Rebecca! see, he is again about to go up to battle against the Philistine. 1881 A. Trollope II. xxxv. 156 Tom, in his sportive mood, had caused serious inconvenience to a most respectable policeman, and was destined to remain another week in the hands of the Philistines. 1900 13 Jan. 5/7 I fear I have given myself into the hands of the Philistines, whether they be total abstainers or good honest ‘poters’. 2001 (Nexis) 15 Oct. I don't remember what happened after my diary fell into the hands of Philistines. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [noun] > uncultured person > who is not a student 1824 J. Russell I. iii. 134 The mere citizens, or Philistines, as they are denominated by the sons of the academic Israel, form a despised and rejected race. 1826 T. L. Beddoes Let. Oct. in (1935) 621 A little inn with a tea garden, whither students & Philistines (i.e. townsmen who are not students) resort on sundays. 1853 19 2 The genus by the German students denominated ‘Philistines’, by the Cantabs ignominiously called ‘Snobs’, and which custom here has named ‘Townies’. 1992 1 Oct. 15/2 The Philistines pejorated their bad name at a town and gown row at Jena in 1693. the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > [noun] > philistinism > Philistine the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [noun] > uncultured person 1825 M. Wilmot 20 Nov. (1935) 226 A looking glass..with a marble table which saves it from the Philistins. 1827 70/2 If Germans require that species of assistance, the obtuseness of a mere English Philistine we trust is pardonable. 1839 A. H. Everett 40 Released from the importunity of this Philistine [sc. Wagner],—to use an expressive German term,—Faust relapses into his former gloom. 1850 C. Kingsley I. vi. 104 Colloguing in Pagan picture-galleries with shovel-hatted Philistines. 1879 L. Stephen 3rd Ser. vii. 306 In common phraseology he [sc. Macaulay] is a Philistine—a word which I understand properly to mean indifference to the higher intellectual interests. 1933 D. Thomas Dec. (1985) 62 Gower is a very beautiful peninsula,..and so far the Tea Shop philistines have not spoilt the more beautiful of its bays. 1977 8 Feb. 17/1 The philistines would be foolish to regard aid for the arts merely as a perk provided by all for the esoteric pursuits of the few. 2000 (Electronic ed.) 2 Jan. French chefs were imported [to Johannesburg] to lavish their talents on the culinary Philistines of the very young city. B. adj. ( attributive). society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > other types of poem > [adjective] > ancient Philistine the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [adjective] 1596 T. Nashe sig. O2 So did he by that Philistine Poem of Parthenophill and Parthenope, which to compare worse than it selfe, it would plague all the wits of France Spaine or Italy. 1607 E. Topsell 472 Sampson went downe to the Philistine woman whome he loued. 1710 M. Chudleigh 191 Be silent, all ye busie Tongues of Fame; Lest with a barbarous Joy, a savage Pride, Philistine Beauties our just Grief deride. 1765 J. Otis 11 The Philistine rulers too acted very commendably. 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence (1843) I. 124 This fly is truly a beelzebub and perhaps..the prototype of the Philistine idol worshipped under that name and in the form of a fly. 1842 H. W. Longfellow 6 The Israelite..at last led forth to be A pander to Philistine revelry. 1910 I. 70/1 A similar experience is said to have happened to Abraham and Sarah at Gerar with the Philistine king Abimelech. 1996 454 Dalila,..a Philistine beauty, is urged by the High Priest of Dagon..to seduce Samson and discover the secret of his strength. 1682 J. Banks v. i. 77 A Show'r of Curses on the Heads Of this Philistim-King and Cruel Father. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Apol. Pref. Afterward this philistine-combatant went to London, and there perished of the plague. the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > [adjective] > Philistine the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [adjective] 1831 T. Carlyle Surv. German Poetry in (1872) III. 241 To a German we might have compressed all this long description into a single word. Mr. Taylor is simply what they call a Philister; every fibre of him is Philistine. 1869 A. C. Swinburne in May 557 Byron..had in him a cross of the true Philistine breed. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe I. Notes 280 Critics consider that he symbolizes the Philistine element in German life,—the hopelessly material, prosaic, and commonplace. 1901 F. Norris ii. i. 314 The more the Philistine press of the city railed and guyed, the more the women rallied to the defense of their protége. 1975 J. Lees-Milne Diary 12 June in (2001) 37 Lord M. deaf and stuffy and philistine. 2003 Autumn 55/1 Content to endorse the ancient philistine myth that every painting tells a story. Derivatives 1645 R. Byfield 2 Philistine-like sins, and Divine justice, make the threatnings of the word an intollerable burden. 1855 H. Heine 83 Many, indeed, assert that the Blocksberg is very Philistine-like. 1903 8 Oct. 4/1 What purpose some of them serve would be but a Philistine-like question. 2002 (Nexis) 5 Oct. 7 d I'd add: arrogant, Philistine-like, unscrupulous, brutish, mercurial, menacing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.eOE |
