pharynxn.

Brit.

/ˈfarɪŋks/, U.S.

/ˈfɛrɪŋ(k)s/

Inflections: Plural pharynges.

Forms: 1600s–1700s pharinx, 1600s– pharynx.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pharynx.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pharynx (1509 or earlier) < ancient Greek ϕάρυγγ- , ϕάρυγξ throat, pharynx, trachea < the same Indo-European base as bore v.¹ + a suffix of uncertain origin; compare ϕάραγξ cleft, chasm. Compare Middle French, French pharynx (1538).Compare also post-classical Latin pharynga throat (6th cent. in a translation of a Greek medical writer), faringa trachea (1363 in the passage translated in quot. ?a1425); compare also Middle French faringua trachea (1478), Spanish faringe (1493 as faringa), Italian faringe (1480). The following quot. is probably based on this Latin form:?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 154 Þe flegmonez of þe faryngez [L. faringarum]. Compare also earlier use of the Greek word in an English context:1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 90^v Therfore were they placed thus in the iawes (called of the Grecians Pharynx, of the Latins Fauces) to minister unto them moysture.

Anatomy and Zoology.

1. The cavity between the mouth and the oesophagus, lined by a mucous membrane and enclosed by muscles, and communicating also with the nasal cavity, Eustachian tubes, and larynx.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > respiratory passages > pharynx

pharynx1638

throplet1721

nasopharynx1877

oropharynx1887

hypopharynx1907

the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [noun] > throat > pharynx

pharynx1638

throplet1721

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > throat or gullet > [noun] > pharynx

pharynx1638

throplet1721

oropharynx1887

foodway1904

hypopharynx1907

1638 A. Read Man. Anat. Body of Man (new ed.) 51 The weazand..receiveth them them by dilating its proper internall coat, and turneth them downe by the constriction of the middlemost coat, and the muscules of the Pharynx.

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 228 Pharynx is the upper part of the Gullet, consisting of three pair of Muscles.

1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1984 In the Pharinx he observes three Orifices, one that leads to the Mouth, another to the Nose, and a third to the Oesophagus.

1729 B. Mandeville Fable Bees ii. iii. 100 This destroying of Manhood..has a considerable Influence..on the Pharinx, the Glands and Muscles of the Throat.

1794 E. Darwin Zoonomia I. 40 When the pharinx is irritated by agreeable food, the muscles of deglutition are brought into action by association.

1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 257 In the pharynx, above the œsophagus, there is a very small oblong slit, or glottis, (like that which, in fishes, leads to the swimming bladder by means of a canal,) without epiglottis.

1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. iv. 152 The teeth of Fishes are often set..upon the surface of the palate, and even in the pharynx or swallow.

1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 50 The resonance of the air..in the cavity behind the tongue, comprehending the pharynx and larynx.

1898 B. P. Colton Physiol. vii. 211 The muscles of the pharynx also do their part in pushing the food along.

1921 Lancet 30 Apr. 917/2 Thirteen strains isolated from the pharynges of contacts of a single case of meningitis fell into several agglutination groups.

1948 L. E. H. Whitby Nurses' Handbk. Hygiene (ed. 8) iv. 91 It is preferable to prove that the pharynx is free from hæmolytic streptococci by bacteriological methods before the patient returns to work.

1977 Brit. Jrnl. Dis. Chest 71 36 We performed biopsies of the carina and pharynges from all 11 patients at one year.

1991 Lancet 9 Mar. 597/2 Hyoid muscles in the pharynx continuously discharge during wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

2000 D. Mason in J. Potter Cambr. Compan. Singing xvii. 210 Mancini writes that coloratura should be supported by a robust chest, assisted by graduation of the breath and a flexible ‘fauces’ (where the pharynx opens into the mouth).

2004 Horse & Hound 8 Jan. 14/3 It is not unusual to see ‘roarers’ or ‘whistlers’ fitted with a respiratory aid such as a tongue strap, but some will say that tension on the tongue helps to create a tension in the pharynx and, in turn, the larynx, and so aids laryngeal function.

2. In invertebrates: the part of the alimentary canal immediately posterior to the buccal cavity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > bodies or parts > [noun] > cavity corresponding to gullet

pharynx1826

foregut1875

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxiii. 359 Pharynx..,the opening into the gullet.

1828 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxiv. 456 On the upper side of the tongue..is the pharynx, or aperture by which the food passes from the mouth to the œsophagus.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 103 The pharynx [of an Ascidian] has thus a respiratory function.

1928 Science 10 Feb. 143/1 (note) Phagocata gracilis is not so favorable for this purpose because of its multiple pharynges.

1994 BBC Wildlife Aug. 11/2 The flatworm [is] recognisable as a member of the genus Pseudoceros because of characteristics such as extremely thin flat body, false tentacles and/or a ruffled pharynx.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pharynx
释义	pharynxn. Brit. /ˈfarɪŋks/, U.S. /ˈfɛrɪŋ(k)s/ Inflections: Plural pharynges. Forms: 1600s–1700s pharinx, 1600s– pharynx. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pharynx. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pharynx (1509 or earlier) < ancient Greek ϕάρυγγ- , ϕάρυγξ throat, pharynx, trachea < the same Indo-European base as bore v.¹ + a suffix of uncertain origin; compare ϕάραγξ cleft, chasm. Compare Middle French, French pharynx (1538).Compare also post-classical Latin pharynga throat (6th cent. in a translation of a Greek medical writer), faringa trachea (1363 in the passage translated in quot. ?a1425); compare also Middle French faringua trachea (1478), Spanish faringe (1493 as faringa), Italian faringe (1480). The following quot. is probably based on this Latin form:?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 154 Þe flegmonez of þe faryngez [L. faringarum]. Compare also earlier use of the Greek word in an English context:1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 90^v Therfore were they placed thus in the iawes (called of the Grecians Pharynx, of the Latins Fauces) to minister unto them moysture. Anatomy and Zoology. 1. The cavity between the mouth and the oesophagus, lined by a mucous membrane and enclosed by muscles, and communicating also with the nasal cavity, Eustachian tubes, and larynx. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > respiratory passages > pharynx pharynx1638 throplet1721 nasopharynx1877 oropharynx1887 hypopharynx1907 the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [noun] > throat > pharynx pharynx1638 throplet1721 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > throat or gullet > [noun] > pharynx pharynx1638 throplet1721 oropharynx1887 foodway1904 hypopharynx1907 1638 A. Read Man. Anat. Body of Man (new ed.) 51 The weazand..receiveth them them by dilating its proper internall coat, and turneth them downe by the constriction of the middlemost coat, and the muscules of the Pharynx. 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 228 Pharynx is the upper part of the Gullet, consisting of three pair of Muscles. 1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1984 In the Pharinx he observes three Orifices, one that leads to the Mouth, another to the Nose, and a third to the Oesophagus. 1729 B. Mandeville Fable Bees ii. iii. 100 This destroying of Manhood..has a considerable Influence..on the Pharinx, the Glands and Muscles of the Throat. 1794 E. Darwin Zoonomia I. 40 When the pharinx is irritated by agreeable food, the muscles of deglutition are brought into action by association. 1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 257 In the pharynx, above the œsophagus, there is a very small oblong slit, or glottis, (like that which, in fishes, leads to the swimming bladder by means of a canal,) without epiglottis. 1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. iv. 152 The teeth of Fishes are often set..upon the surface of the palate, and even in the pharynx or swallow. 1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 50 The resonance of the air..in the cavity behind the tongue, comprehending the pharynx and larynx. 1898 B. P. Colton Physiol. vii. 211 The muscles of the pharynx also do their part in pushing the food along. 1921 Lancet 30 Apr. 917/2 Thirteen strains isolated from the pharynges of contacts of a single case of meningitis fell into several agglutination groups. 1948 L. E. H. Whitby Nurses' Handbk. Hygiene (ed. 8) iv. 91 It is preferable to prove that the pharynx is free from hæmolytic streptococci by bacteriological methods before the patient returns to work. 1977 Brit. Jrnl. Dis. Chest 71 36 We performed biopsies of the carina and pharynges from all 11 patients at one year. 1991 Lancet 9 Mar. 597/2 Hyoid muscles in the pharynx continuously discharge during wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. 2000 D. Mason in J. Potter Cambr. Compan. Singing xvii. 210 Mancini writes that coloratura should be supported by a robust chest, assisted by graduation of the breath and a flexible ‘fauces’ (where the pharynx opens into the mouth). 2004 Horse & Hound 8 Jan. 14/3 It is not unusual to see ‘roarers’ or ‘whistlers’ fitted with a respiratory aid such as a tongue strap, but some will say that tension on the tongue helps to create a tension in the pharynx and, in turn, the larynx, and so aids laryngeal function. 2. In invertebrates: the part of the alimentary canal immediately posterior to the buccal cavity. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > bodies or parts > [noun] > cavity corresponding to gullet pharynx1826 foregut1875 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxiii. 359 Pharynx..,the opening into the gullet. 1828 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxiv. 456 On the upper side of the tongue..is the pharynx, or aperture by which the food passes from the mouth to the œsophagus. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 103 The pharynx [of an Ascidian] has thus a respiratory function. 1928 Science 10 Feb. 143/1 (note) Phagocata gracilis is not so favorable for this purpose because of its multiple pharynges. 1994 BBC Wildlife Aug. 11/2 The flatworm [is] recognisable as a member of the genus Pseudoceros because of characteristics such as extremely thin flat body, false tentacles and/or a ruffled pharynx. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1638
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