persistentadj.

Brit.

/pəˈsɪst(ə)nt/, U.S.

/pərˈsɪstənt/

Forms: 1700s– persistent, 1800s– persistant (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin persistent-, persistens.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin persistent-, persistens, present participle of persistere persist v. Compare Old French, Middle French, French persistant (1321), Spanish persistente (1672). Compare earlier persistence n. and persisting adj., persistive adj.With the form persistant compare -ant suffix¹.

a. Zoology and Botany. Of a part of an animal or plant (as a horn, leaf, calyx, etc.): remaining attached, not falling off. Of a juvenile or primitive characteristic: retained into adult life. Cf. deciduous adj. 2, caducous adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [adjective] > permanent or discarded

shedc1430

deciduous1657

marcescent1727

fugacious1750

permanent1776

shrivelling1776

persisting1777

persistent1785

sphacelate1785

shedding1796

sphacelated1806

caducous1808

restant1828

fugitive1830

horarious1866

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > attached or becoming united > shed > that is not shed or persistent

persisting1777

persistent1835

obsolete1897

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 445 The leaves of all these are linear and persistent; Linnæus calls this sort of leaf acerose.

1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals II. xxiv. 502 Lastly, come the Ruminants, whose horns are hollow and naked, but persistent.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. iii. 86 Leaves..may be..persistent, when they remain through the cold season..during which vegetation is interrupted.

1910 H. H. Haines Forest Flora Chota Nagpur 497 A[ina] cordifolia... Capsules of 2 cocci dehiscent from below and towards a persistent columella.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xvi. 236 Elasmobranchii are cold-blooded and have jaws, a cartilaginous skeleton, gills, a persistent notochord, placoid scales, and paired fins.

1992 W. T. Parsons & E. G. Cuthbertson Noxious Weeds Austral. 617/1 Bisexual flowers have a prickly tomentose calyx with persistent narrowly triangular lobes.

b. Continuous, continuing to exist; enduring, lasting; chronic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring

longeOE

longsomeeOE

long of lifeOE

lastinga1225

cleaving1340

continualc1340

dwellingc1380

long-livinga1382

everlastingc1384

long-duringa1387

long-lasting?a1400

long-liveda1400

broadc1400

permanable?c1422

perseverant?a1425

permanentc1425

perdurable?a1439

continuedc1440

abiding1448

unremoved1455

eternalc1460

long-continued1464

continuing1526

long-enduring1527

enduring1532

immortal1538

diuturn?1541

veterated1547

resiant?1567

stayinga1568

well-wearinga1568

substantive1575

pertinacious1578

extant1581

ceaseless1590

marble1596

of length1597

longeval1598

diuturnal1599

nine-lived1600

chronic1601

unexhausted1602

chronical1604

endurable1607

continuant1610

indeflourishing1610

aged1611

indurant1611

continuatea1616

perennious1628

seculara1631

undiscontinueda1631

continuated1632

untransitory1632

long-spun1633

momently1641

stative1643

outliving1645

constant1653

long-descended1660

voluminousa1661

perduring1664

perdurant1671

livelong1673

perennial1676

longeve1678

consequential1681

unquenched1703

lifelong1746

momentary1755

inveterate1780

stabile1797

persistent1826

unpassing1831

all-time1846

year-long1846

teak-built1847

lengthful1855

long-term1867

long haul1873

sticky1879

week-to-week1879

perenduring1883

long-range1885

longish1889

long-time1902

long run1904

long-life1915

1826 S. T. Coleridge To Eliza in Pain in Let. 3 June (1971) VI. 664 She..Of Pleasure only will to all dispense, Will ope that Fount alone..but still issue thence Unconquer'd Cheer, persistent Loveliness.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxix. 360 There is a something about this persistent day antagonistic to sleep.

1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe ii. 93 A persistent screen of stormy cloud drove up the valley.

1905 W. Osler Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 6) 511 When there is persistent anorexia, gavage may be necessary.

1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 56 Mr Wilkins..was noticing with increasing disgust..the peculiar persistent vileness of the weather.

1988 Amer. Jrnl. Public Health 78 1591/2 This curious and persistent belief [sc. the Red Treatment]..was based on faith in the therapeutic efficacy of red colored objects to combat smallpox.

1999 C. B. Inlander et al. Over-the-counter Doctor (rev. ed.) 151/2 A persistent sore throat—particularly in a child—may indicate a more serious disease.

c. Geology. Of a stratum: extending continuously over the whole area occupied by the formation; not thinning out or disappearing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [adjective] > of or belonging to a stratum > extending continuously

persistent1833

1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 173 The individual strata are rarely persistent for a great distance.

1865 A. Geikie Scenery & Geol. Scotl. vi. 138 Even with such doubtful forms, the two main systems remain tolerably persistent.

1949 A. E. Trueman Geol. & Scenery Eng. & Wales xii. 161 Some four main grit belts are present, but there are many other less persistent beds.

1990 Geol. Mag. 127 599 The Boom Clay Formation of northeast Belgium consists of a sequence of alternating, laterally persistent beds of silt and clay.

d. Ecology. That remains within an environment for a long period of time, esp. as a result of low chemical reactivity or a long radioactive half-life.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring > that remains within an environment

persistent1920

1920 Times 28 Oct. 16/1 Mustard gas was a distinctly new departure. Effective in low concentrations.., very persistent, remaining on the ground for days, it caused huge casualties.

1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Jan. 5/1 The long-range genetic danger of exposure..to low-level, but widespread and persistent radioactivity..is only beginning to be dimly perceived.

1970 Nature 31 Oct. 403/2 Fresh and rain water in Britain contains small but not insignificant amounts of the chief persistent organochlorine pesticides, DDT, lindane and dieldrin.

2000 Scout Rep. Archives (Internet Scout Project) (Electronic text) 11 Oct. Dioxins are a group of extremely persistent, toxic chemical compounds.

e. Virology. Of a virus: latent; present in its host but not manifest or active (though possibly replicating); (Botany) designating or relating to plant viruses that are carried by insect vectors within their bodies for a long period (also called circulative; opposed to non-persistent adj.). Also of an infection: caused by such a virus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [adjective] > latent (of features, abilities, etc.)

latent1787

persistent1940

1940 Proc. Royal Soc. 1939–40 B. 128 539 This is referred to as the ‘latent’ or ‘incubation’ period, for with most persistent viruses it seems to be..important and prolonged.

1967 Arch. Ophthalmol. 77 430 (title) Persistent virus infection in congenital rubella.

1984 D. A. Roberts & C. W. Boothroyd Fund. Plant Pathol. (ed. 2) ix. 120 Circulative and stylet-borne viruses were formerly classified as persistent and nonpersistent viruses, respectively.

2001 Diabetes Care (Nexis) 1 Aug. 1489 CMV is a persistent virus like the related herpes viruses.

f. Medicine persistent vegetative state n. a chronic condition of unconsciousness (lasting more than a month) following severe injury to the cerebral hemispheres, in which there is preservation of cardiorespiratory and certain other vital functions but no evidence of cognitive function. Abbreviated PVS.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > stupor or coma > [noun] > persistent vegetative state

persistent vegetative state1972

PVS1983

1972 B. Jennett & F. Plum in Lancet 1 Apr. 734/1 Patients with severe brain damage due to trauma..may now survive indefinitely... Such patients are best described as in a persistent vegetative state.

1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) II. xxi. 51/1 The question of whether it is appropriate to provide the nutrition and nursing care required to ensure survival once the persistent vegetative state has been diagnosed is now a topic of debate.

1993 U.S. News & World Rep. 18 Jan. 78/3 At the age of 60, she suffered bleeding on the brain and went into a ‘persistent vegetative state’—alive but with essentially no higher brain function.

2. Continuing firmly or obstinately in some state, opinion, purpose, or course of action, esp. despite opposition, setbacks, or failure; having or characterized by persistence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > [adjective]

unwearyc893

unwearieda1240

perseverant1340

continuing1393

persevering?a1425

importunate1477

infatigable?1510

unfatigablec1550

persisting1552

unweariable1561

holdfast1567

indefatigable1586

patient1590

faintless1593

untired1597

untired1600

assidual1605

unrelenting1606

persistive1609

unwearyinga1614

hard1615

indefesse1621

constant1639

assiduous1660

dogged1700

unremitting1730

inexhaustible1762

unremitted1774

untiring1823

persistent1830

sleuth1864

tug-like1890

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 81 Our resistance against the destruction of..prejudices..of sense, is commonly more violent at first, but less persistent, than in the case of those of opinion.

1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xvi. 332 His greed, no less than his ambition,..made him a persistent colonizer.

1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. i. 18 Her suitors—numerous and persistent as those of Penelope.

1916 E. H. Porter Just David xvi. 205 ‘What a persistent little mental-science preacher you are!’ she exclaimed.

1975 Audubon May 89/1 It is a perky, jaunty bird, a persistent tail-jerker that is remarkably unconcerned by or unafraid of man.

1993 R. Jenkins Chief (Anglia TV shooting script) (O.E.D. Archive) 4th Ser. Episode 3. 8 I want persistent offenders, whatever their age, locked up!

3. Of an action or event: continual, recurrent; repeated, esp. constantly or with persistence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > [adjective] > continuous or without stop or pause (of action)

ithanda1300

continualc1340

unstintingc1380

perpetuala1382

unfailinga1382

unceasing1382

everlastinga1398

restless?a1439

continuedc1440

running1492

incessant1532

uncessant1548

incessable1552

universal1561

never-ceasing1567

still1570

unpausing1585

ceaseless1590

uncessable1596

indesinent1601

uninterrupted1602

unceasable1604

Sabbathless1605

unceased1605

unintermissive1610

unstaying1616

constant1653

jugial1654

uninterrupted1657

stopless1660

uncheque1671

chronical1672

unarrested1733

well-sustained1743

uninterrupt1776

unsuspended1792

sustained1796

pauseless1820

unhalting1832

persistent1842

unresting1856

unbreaking1870

non-stop1915

1842 R. W. Emerson in Dial. July xiii. 1206 ‘Attractive industry’ would speedily subdue, by adventurous, scientific, and persistent tillage, the pestilential tracts.

1857 E. L. Birkett Bird's Urinary Deposits (ed. 5) 289 The persistent occurrence of deposits of the earthy phosphates in the urine.

1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) iv. 100 The persistent breathing of such air tends to lower all kinds of vital energy.

1924 I. Gershwin Fascinating Rhythm (song) in Lyrics on Several Occasions (1959) 172 Got a little rhythm..That pit-a-pats through my brain; So darn persistent..it'll drive me insane.

1967 C. Jackson Second-hand Life (1968) i. 15 Could this fact alone account for his persistent, his increasing thoughts of death?

1994 Powwow Times (Sask. Indian Federated Coll.) 34/3 It was only through the persistent urging of our elders and Indian leaders that we were able to persuade the Indian agent..to give us the permission to practise powwows once more.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	persistent
释义	persistentadj. Brit. /pəˈsɪst(ə)nt/, U.S. /pərˈsɪstənt/ Forms: 1700s– persistent, 1800s– persistant (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin persistent-, persistens. Etymology: < post-classical Latin persistent-, persistens, present participle of persistere persist v. Compare Old French, Middle French, French persistant (1321), Spanish persistente (1672). Compare earlier persistence n. and persisting adj., persistive adj.With the form persistant compare -ant suffix¹. 1. a. Zoology and Botany. Of a part of an animal or plant (as a horn, leaf, calyx, etc.): remaining attached, not falling off. Of a juvenile or primitive characteristic: retained into adult life. Cf. deciduous adj. 2, caducous adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [adjective] > permanent or discarded shedc1430 deciduous1657 marcescent1727 fugacious1750 permanent1776 shrivelling1776 persisting1777 persistent1785 sphacelate1785 shedding1796 sphacelated1806 caducous1808 restant1828 fugitive1830 horarious1866 the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > attached or becoming united > shed > that is not shed or persistent persisting1777 persistent1835 obsolete1897 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 445 The leaves of all these are linear and persistent; Linnæus calls this sort of leaf acerose. 1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals II. xxiv. 502 Lastly, come the Ruminants, whose horns are hollow and naked, but persistent. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. iii. 86 Leaves..may be..persistent, when they remain through the cold season..during which vegetation is interrupted. 1910 H. H. Haines Forest Flora Chota Nagpur 497 A[ina] cordifolia... Capsules of 2 cocci dehiscent from below and towards a persistent columella. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xvi. 236 Elasmobranchii are cold-blooded and have jaws, a cartilaginous skeleton, gills, a persistent notochord, placoid scales, and paired fins. 1992 W. T. Parsons & E. G. Cuthbertson Noxious Weeds Austral. 617/1 Bisexual flowers have a prickly tomentose calyx with persistent narrowly triangular lobes. b. Continuous, continuing to exist; enduring, lasting; chronic. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring longeOE longsomeeOE long of lifeOE lastinga1225 cleaving1340 continualc1340 dwellingc1380 long-livinga1382 everlastingc1384 long-duringa1387 long-lasting?a1400 long-liveda1400 broadc1400 permanable?c1422 perseverant?a1425 permanentc1425 perdurable?a1439 continuedc1440 abiding1448 unremoved1455 eternalc1460 long-continued1464 continuing1526 long-enduring1527 enduring1532 immortal1538 diuturn?1541 veterated1547 resiant?1567 stayinga1568 well-wearinga1568 substantive1575 pertinacious1578 extant1581 ceaseless1590 marble1596 of length1597 longeval1598 diuturnal1599 nine-lived1600 chronic1601 unexhausted1602 chronical1604 endurable1607 continuant1610 indeflourishing1610 aged1611 indurant1611 continuatea1616 perennious1628 seculara1631 undiscontinueda1631 continuated1632 untransitory1632 long-spun1633 momently1641 stative1643 outliving1645 constant1653 long-descended1660 voluminousa1661 perduring1664 perdurant1671 livelong1673 perennial1676 longeve1678 consequential1681 unquenched1703 lifelong1746 momentary1755 inveterate1780 stabile1797 persistent1826 unpassing1831 all-time1846 year-long1846 teak-built1847 lengthful1855 long-term1867 long haul1873 sticky1879 week-to-week1879 perenduring1883 long-range1885 longish1889 long-time1902 long run1904 long-life1915 1826 S. T. Coleridge To Eliza in Pain in Let. 3 June (1971) VI. 664 She..Of Pleasure only will to all dispense, Will ope that Fount alone..but still issue thence Unconquer'd Cheer, persistent Loveliness. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxix. 360 There is a something about this persistent day antagonistic to sleep. 1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe ii. 93 A persistent screen of stormy cloud drove up the valley. 1905 W. Osler Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 6) 511 When there is persistent anorexia, gavage may be necessary. 1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 56 Mr Wilkins..was noticing with increasing disgust..the peculiar persistent vileness of the weather. 1988 Amer. Jrnl. Public Health 78 1591/2 This curious and persistent belief [sc. the Red Treatment]..was based on faith in the therapeutic efficacy of red colored objects to combat smallpox. 1999 C. B. Inlander et al. Over-the-counter Doctor (rev. ed.) 151/2 A persistent sore throat—particularly in a child—may indicate a more serious disease. c. Geology. Of a stratum: extending continuously over the whole area occupied by the formation; not thinning out or disappearing. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [adjective] > of or belonging to a stratum > extending continuously persistent1833 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 173 The individual strata are rarely persistent for a great distance. 1865 A. Geikie Scenery & Geol. Scotl. vi. 138 Even with such doubtful forms, the two main systems remain tolerably persistent. 1949 A. E. Trueman Geol. & Scenery Eng. & Wales xii. 161 Some four main grit belts are present, but there are many other less persistent beds. 1990 Geol. Mag. 127 599 The Boom Clay Formation of northeast Belgium consists of a sequence of alternating, laterally persistent beds of silt and clay. d. Ecology. That remains within an environment for a long period of time, esp. as a result of low chemical reactivity or a long radioactive half-life. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring > that remains within an environment persistent1920 1920 Times 28 Oct. 16/1 Mustard gas was a distinctly new departure. Effective in low concentrations.., very persistent, remaining on the ground for days, it caused huge casualties. 1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Jan. 5/1 The long-range genetic danger of exposure..to low-level, but widespread and persistent radioactivity..is only beginning to be dimly perceived. 1970 Nature 31 Oct. 403/2 Fresh and rain water in Britain contains small but not insignificant amounts of the chief persistent organochlorine pesticides, DDT, lindane and dieldrin. 2000 Scout Rep. Archives (Internet Scout Project) (Electronic text) 11 Oct. Dioxins are a group of extremely persistent, toxic chemical compounds. e. Virology. Of a virus: latent; present in its host but not manifest or active (though possibly replicating); (Botany) designating or relating to plant viruses that are carried by insect vectors within their bodies for a long period (also called circulative; opposed to non-persistent adj.). Also of an infection: caused by such a virus. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [adjective] > latent (of features, abilities, etc.) latent1787 persistent1940 1940 Proc. Royal Soc. 1939–40 B. 128 539 This is referred to as the ‘latent’ or ‘incubation’ period, for with most persistent viruses it seems to be..important and prolonged. 1967 Arch. Ophthalmol. 77 430 (title) Persistent virus infection in congenital rubella. 1984 D. A. Roberts & C. W. Boothroyd Fund. Plant Pathol. (ed. 2) ix. 120 Circulative and stylet-borne viruses were formerly classified as persistent and nonpersistent viruses, respectively. 2001 Diabetes Care (Nexis) 1 Aug. 1489 CMV is a persistent virus like the related herpes viruses. f. Medicine persistent vegetative state n. a chronic condition of unconsciousness (lasting more than a month) following severe injury to the cerebral hemispheres, in which there is preservation of cardiorespiratory and certain other vital functions but no evidence of cognitive function. Abbreviated PVS. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > stupor or coma > [noun] > persistent vegetative state persistent vegetative state1972 PVS1983 1972 B. Jennett & F. Plum in Lancet 1 Apr. 734/1 Patients with severe brain damage due to trauma..may now survive indefinitely... Such patients are best described as in a persistent vegetative state. 1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) II. xxi. 51/1 The question of whether it is appropriate to provide the nutrition and nursing care required to ensure survival once the persistent vegetative state has been diagnosed is now a topic of debate. 1993 U.S. News & World Rep. 18 Jan. 78/3 At the age of 60, she suffered bleeding on the brain and went into a ‘persistent vegetative state’—alive but with essentially no higher brain function. 2. Continuing firmly or obstinately in some state, opinion, purpose, or course of action, esp. despite opposition, setbacks, or failure; having or characterized by persistence. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > [adjective] unwearyc893 unwearieda1240 perseverant1340 continuing1393 persevering?a1425 importunate1477 infatigable?1510 unfatigablec1550 persisting1552 unweariable1561 holdfast1567 indefatigable1586 patient1590 faintless1593 untired1597 untired1600 assidual1605 unrelenting1606 persistive1609 unwearyinga1614 hard1615 indefesse1621 constant1639 assiduous1660 dogged1700 unremitting1730 inexhaustible1762 unremitted1774 untiring1823 persistent1830 sleuth1864 tug-like1890 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 81 Our resistance against the destruction of..prejudices..of sense, is commonly more violent at first, but less persistent, than in the case of those of opinion. 1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xvi. 332 His greed, no less than his ambition,..made him a persistent colonizer. 1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. i. 18 Her suitors—numerous and persistent as those of Penelope. 1916 E. H. Porter Just David xvi. 205 ‘What a persistent little mental-science preacher you are!’ she exclaimed. 1975 Audubon May 89/1 It is a perky, jaunty bird, a persistent tail-jerker that is remarkably unconcerned by or unafraid of man. 1993 R. Jenkins Chief (Anglia TV shooting script) (O.E.D. Archive) 4th Ser. Episode 3. 8 I want persistent offenders, whatever their age, locked up! 3. Of an action or event: continual, recurrent; repeated, esp. constantly or with persistence. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > [adjective] > continuous or without stop or pause (of action) ithanda1300 continualc1340 unstintingc1380 perpetuala1382 unfailinga1382 unceasing1382 everlastinga1398 restless?a1439 continuedc1440 running1492 incessant1532 uncessant1548 incessable1552 universal1561 never-ceasing1567 still1570 unpausing1585 ceaseless1590 uncessable1596 indesinent1601 uninterrupted1602 unceasable1604 Sabbathless1605 unceased1605 unintermissive1610 unstaying1616 constant1653 jugial1654 uninterrupted1657 stopless1660 uncheque1671 chronical1672 unarrested1733 well-sustained1743 uninterrupt1776 unsuspended1792 sustained1796 pauseless1820 unhalting1832 persistent1842 unresting1856 unbreaking1870 non-stop1915 1842 R. W. Emerson in Dial. July xiii. 1206 ‘Attractive industry’ would speedily subdue, by adventurous, scientific, and persistent tillage, the pestilential tracts. 1857 E. L. Birkett Bird's Urinary Deposits (ed. 5) 289 The persistent occurrence of deposits of the earthy phosphates in the urine. 1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) iv. 100 The persistent breathing of such air tends to lower all kinds of vital energy. 1924 I. Gershwin Fascinating Rhythm (song) in Lyrics on Several Occasions (1959) 172 Got a little rhythm..That pit-a-pats through my brain; So darn persistent..it'll drive me insane. 1967 C. Jackson Second-hand Life (1968) i. 15 Could this fact alone account for his persistent, his increasing thoughts of death? 1994 Powwow Times (Sask. Indian Federated Coll.) 34/3 It was only through the persistent urging of our elders and Indian leaders that we were able to persuade the Indian agent..to give us the permission to practise powwows once more. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1785
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