perpendn.

Brit.

/ˈpəːpɛnd/, U.S.

/ˈpərˌpɛnd/,

/ˈpərpənd/

Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: parpen n.; perpendicular adj.

Etymology: Either alteration of parpen n. after perpendicular adj., or shortened < perpendicular adj. Compare perpend , variant of parpen n.

Masonry.

A vertical joint in brickwork or blockwork between bricks or blocks in the same horizontal course.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > types of joint

tenon and mortise1610

mortise and tenon1631

meeting1663

rustic1728

white joint1758

ground-joint1793

flat joint1825

hick-joint1842

perpend1867

struck joint1876

tuck-joint1879

1867 G. Howell in Rep. Artisans Visit Paris Universal Exhib. i. 194 The beauty of brickwork will very much depend upon the ‘perpends’ being perfectly kept, that is, the prefect regularity of the perpendicular joints right up the building.

1944 J. H. Bennetts in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder i. 45/2 The assembling as shown, fixed in advance of building glazed brickwork, is a guarantee that..brickwork perpends will be maintained.

1983 J. S. Foster Struct. & Fabric (rev. ed.) I. iii. 96/1 Every third perpend left open as weep-hole at base of cavity.

2000 A J Focus May 58/1 This facilitates the creation of brickwork with consistent mortar joints and accurate perpends.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

perpendv.

Brit.

/pəˈpɛnd/, U.S.

/pərˈpɛnd/

Forms: late Middle English perpende, 1500s– perpend; Scottish pre-1700 perend (transmission error), pre-1700 perpend.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perpendere.

Etymology: < classical Latin perpendere to weigh carefully (in a balance), to assess or estimate carefully < per- per- prefix + pendere to weigh (see pense v.¹).Compare Middle French, French pourpenser (c1050 in Old French), Old Occitan, Occitan perpensar (13th cent.), Catalan perpensar (c1200; now only Majorcan), Spanish perpensar (a1399 as past participle, rare), Italian perpensare (12th cent.).

Now archaic.

a. transitive. To ponder, consider; to examine, investigate. Also with clause as object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, examine [verb (transitive)]

underseekc897

speerc900

lookeOE

askOE

seeOE

teem witnessc1200

seeka1300

fand13..

inquirec1300

undergoc1315

visit1338

pursuea1382

searcha1382

examinec1384

assay1387

ensearchc1400

vesteyea1425

to have in waitc1440

perpend1447

to bring witnessc1475

vey1512

investigate?1520

recounta1530

to call into (also in) question1534

finger1546

rip1549

sight1556

vestigatea1561

to look into ——1561

require1563

descry?1567

sound1579

question1590

resolve1593

surview1601

undersearch1609

sift1611

disquire1621

indagate1623

inspect1623

pierce1640

shrive1647

in-looka1649

probe1649

incern1656

quaeritate1657

inquisite1674

reconnoitre1740

explore1774

to bring to book1786

look-see1867

scrutate1882

to shake down1915

sleuth1939

screen1942

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]

i-thenchec897

showeOE

i-mune971

thinkOE

overthinkOE

takec1175

umbethinkc1175

waltc1200

bethinkc1220

wend?c1225

weighc1380

delivera1382

peisea1382

considerc1385

musec1390

to look over ——a1393

advise?c1400

debatec1400

roll?c1400

revert?a1425

advertc1425

deliberc1425

movec1425

musec1425

revolvec1425

contemplec1429

overseec1440

to think overc1440

perpend1447

roil1447

pondera1450

to eat inc1450

involvec1470

ponderate?a1475

reputec1475

counterpoise1477

poisea1483

traversec1487

umbecast1487

digest1488

undercast1489

overhalec1500

rumble1519

volve?1520

compassa1522

recount1526

trutinate1528

cast1530

expend1531

ruminate1533

concoct1534

contemplate1538

deliberate1540

revolute1553

chawa1558

to turn over1568

cud1569

cogitate1570

huik1570

chew1579

meditatec1580

discourse1581

speculate1599

theorize1599

scance1603

verse1614

pensitate1623

agitate1629

spell1633

study1659

designa1676

introspect1683

troll1685

balance1692

to figure on or upon1837

reflect1862

mull1873

to mull over1874

scour1882

mill1905

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 9486 (MED) Feyth, Hope & Cheryte..Elyzabeth had in excellent degre As euery wytty man may perpende That dylygently redyth hyr legende.

1527–8 J. Foxe Let. to Gardiner in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. xxvi. 79 My Lords grace..perpending and pondering the exoneration of his own conscience.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. iv. 8 Perpend my words O Signieur Dewe, and marke.

1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness x. ii. 496 They being not at leisure to perpend things to the bottom.

1701 E. Sherburne tr. Seneca Troades iii. ii, in tr. Seneca Trag. 275 If your Case you duly shall perpend, You'll not think strange.

1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VI. xvi. 65 There are a thousand resolutions..weighed, poized, and perpended.

1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto V lxxii. 171 I shall perpend if your proposal may Be such as I can properly accept.

1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies viii. 303 The neat and appropriate legend..which, I hope, you will learn to translate in due time and to perpend likewise.

1930 J. Buchan Castle Gay xi. 172 He retired to the inn..to write out his notes and perpend the situation.

1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 89 He perpends the advice and reflects that..their situation is both worse than ours and better.

b. intransitive. To ponder, reflect. Frequently in imperative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, inspect [verb (intransitive)]

inquirec1330

aska1382

ensearch1382

questiona1500

investigate?1520

vestigatea1561

to look into ——1561

perpend1568

mouse1575

rake1603

undergo1605

fathom1607

ravel1618

examine1628

inquisition1644

to cast abouta1676

inspect1703

sound1793

disquisitea1823

look-see1862

to cast about one1867

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]

thinkOE

bethinka1200

umthinka1300

to have mind ofc1300

casta1340

studya1375

delivera1382

to chew the cudc1384

to take advisementa1393

stema1400

compassc1400

advisec1405

deliberc1405

to make it wisec1405

to take deliberationc1405

enter?a1413

riddlec1426

hovec1440

devise?c1450

to study by (also in) oneself?c1450

considerc1460

porec1500

regard1523

deliberate1543

to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546

contemplate1560

consult1565

perpend1568

vise1568

to consider of1569

weigh1573

ruminate1574

dascanc1579

to lay to (one's) heart1588

pondera1593

debate1594

reflect1596

comment1597

perponder1599

revolvea1600

rumine1605

consider on, upon1606

to think twice1623

reflex1631

spell1645

ponderatea1652

to turn about1725

to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736

to wake over1771

incubatea1847

mull1857

fink1888

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. f. 288 Thairfoir thowsowld richt prudently perpend.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 296 Therefore, perpend my Princesse, and giue eare.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems 89 For no mans self (if yon do well perpend) Guiltie's of ought when nought doth from him flow.

1792 T. Dermody Poems 71 And now, right worthy Sirs, perpend, While Life remains, I want a friend; When Death comes on, why,—there's an End.

1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 64 107 Perpend upon this..at your leisure.

1868 W. R. Greg Lit. & Social Judgm. 152 They are..too impatient to perpend and reflect.

1933 P. G. Wodehouse Heavy Weather xvi. 284 ‘Well?’ he said. Monty perpended. ‘It's a little difficult to know where to begin.’

2002 New Straits Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 18 Dec. 10 Gentle Reader, perpend (but finish your breakfast first).

†2. transitive. To weigh in a balance. Chiefly figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain the weight of [verb (transitive)]

weighc1000

aweighOE

peisea1382

poise1458

ponder?1518

pound1570

tron1609

perpenda1612

librate1623

scale1691

weight1734

a1612 W. Fowler Tarantula of Love in Wks. (1914) I. 192 Perpend my woes in ballances of zeale, And trye my treuthe and my vnstaynd intent.

1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. i. 50 A good wise person,..strictly himself surveys... Himself perpends [L. pendit] In a just ballance, that no flaw there be, Nothing extuberant, but that all agree.

1834 J. Hogg in Blackwood's Mag. June 951/1 As if he struggled, conscience-check'd, Some dire offence to recollect, But could not all its weight perpend, Nor its dimensions comprehend.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perpend
释义	perpendn. Brit. /ˈpəːpɛnd/, U.S. /ˈpərˌpɛnd/, /ˈpərpənd/ Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: parpen n.; perpendicular adj. Etymology: Either alteration of parpen n. after perpendicular adj., or shortened < perpendicular adj. Compare perpend , variant of parpen n. Masonry. A vertical joint in brickwork or blockwork between bricks or blocks in the same horizontal course. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > types of joint tenon and mortise1610 mortise and tenon1631 meeting1663 rustic1728 white joint1758 ground-joint1793 flat joint1825 hick-joint1842 perpend1867 struck joint1876 tuck-joint1879 1867 G. Howell in Rep. Artisans Visit Paris Universal Exhib. i. 194 The beauty of brickwork will very much depend upon the ‘perpends’ being perfectly kept, that is, the prefect regularity of the perpendicular joints right up the building. 1944 J. H. Bennetts in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder i. 45/2 The assembling as shown, fixed in advance of building glazed brickwork, is a guarantee that..brickwork perpends will be maintained. 1983 J. S. Foster Struct. & Fabric (rev. ed.) I. iii. 96/1 Every third perpend left open as weep-hole at base of cavity. 2000 A J Focus May 58/1 This facilitates the creation of brickwork with consistent mortar joints and accurate perpends. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). perpendv. Brit. /pəˈpɛnd/, U.S. /pərˈpɛnd/ Forms: late Middle English perpende, 1500s– perpend; Scottish pre-1700 perend (transmission error), pre-1700 perpend. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perpendere. Etymology: < classical Latin perpendere to weigh carefully (in a balance), to assess or estimate carefully < per- per- prefix + pendere to weigh (see pense v.¹).Compare Middle French, French pourpenser (c1050 in Old French), Old Occitan, Occitan perpensar (13th cent.), Catalan perpensar (c1200; now only Majorcan), Spanish perpensar (a1399 as past participle, rare), Italian perpensare (12th cent.). Now archaic. 1. a. transitive. To ponder, consider; to examine, investigate. Also with clause as object. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, examine [verb (transitive)] underseekc897 speerc900 lookeOE askOE seeOE teem witnessc1200 seeka1300 fand13.. inquirec1300 undergoc1315 visit1338 pursuea1382 searcha1382 examinec1384 assay1387 ensearchc1400 vesteyea1425 to have in waitc1440 perpend1447 to bring witnessc1475 vey1512 investigate?1520 recounta1530 to call into (also in) question1534 finger1546 rip1549 sight1556 vestigatea1561 to look into ——1561 require1563 descry?1567 sound1579 question1590 resolve1593 surview1601 undersearch1609 sift1611 disquire1621 indagate1623 inspect1623 pierce1640 shrive1647 in-looka1649 probe1649 incern1656 quaeritate1657 inquisite1674 reconnoitre1740 explore1774 to bring to book1786 look-see1867 scrutate1882 to shake down1915 sleuth1939 screen1942 the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 showeOE i-mune971 thinkOE overthinkOE takec1175 umbethinkc1175 waltc1200 bethinkc1220 wend?c1225 weighc1380 delivera1382 peisea1382 considerc1385 musec1390 to look over ——a1393 advise?c1400 debatec1400 roll?c1400 revert?a1425 advertc1425 deliberc1425 movec1425 musec1425 revolvec1425 contemplec1429 overseec1440 to think overc1440 perpend1447 roil1447 pondera1450 to eat inc1450 involvec1470 ponderate?a1475 reputec1475 counterpoise1477 poisea1483 traversec1487 umbecast1487 digest1488 undercast1489 overhalec1500 rumble1519 volve?1520 compassa1522 recount1526 trutinate1528 cast1530 expend1531 ruminate1533 concoct1534 contemplate1538 deliberate1540 revolute1553 chawa1558 to turn over1568 cud1569 cogitate1570 huik1570 chew1579 meditatec1580 discourse1581 speculate1599 theorize1599 scance1603 verse1614 pensitate1623 agitate1629 spell1633 view1637 study1659 designa1676 introspect1683 troll1685 balance1692 to figure on or upon1837 reflect1862 mull1873 to mull over1874 scour1882 mill1905 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 9486 (MED) Feyth, Hope & Cheryte..Elyzabeth had in excellent degre As euery wytty man may perpende That dylygently redyth hyr legende. 1527–8 J. Foxe Let. to Gardiner in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. xxvi. 79 My Lords grace..perpending and pondering the exoneration of his own conscience. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. iv. 8 Perpend my words O Signieur Dewe, and marke. View more context for this quotation 1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness x. ii. 496 They being not at leisure to perpend things to the bottom. 1701 E. Sherburne tr. Seneca Troades iii. ii, in tr. Seneca Trag. 275 If your Case you duly shall perpend, You'll not think strange. 1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VI. xvi. 65 There are a thousand resolutions..weighed, poized, and perpended. 1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto V lxxii. 171 I shall perpend if your proposal may Be such as I can properly accept. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies viii. 303 The neat and appropriate legend..which, I hope, you will learn to translate in due time and to perpend likewise. 1930 J. Buchan Castle Gay xi. 172 He retired to the inn..to write out his notes and perpend the situation. 1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 89 He perpends the advice and reflects that..their situation is both worse than ours and better. b. intransitive. To ponder, reflect. Frequently in imperative. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, inspect [verb (intransitive)] inquirec1330 aska1382 ensearch1382 questiona1500 investigate?1520 vestigatea1561 to look into ——1561 perpend1568 mouse1575 rake1603 undergo1605 fathom1607 ravel1618 examine1628 inquisition1644 to cast abouta1676 inspect1703 sound1793 disquisitea1823 look-see1862 to cast about one1867 the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE thinkOE bethinka1200 umthinka1300 to have mind ofc1300 casta1340 studya1375 delivera1382 to chew the cudc1384 to take advisementa1393 stema1400 compassc1400 advisec1405 deliberc1405 to make it wisec1405 to take deliberationc1405 enter?a1413 riddlec1426 hovec1440 devise?c1450 to study by (also in) oneself?c1450 considerc1460 porec1500 regard1523 deliberate1543 to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546 contemplate1560 consult1565 perpend1568 vise1568 to consider of1569 weigh1573 ruminate1574 dascanc1579 to lay to (one's) heart1588 pondera1593 debate1594 reflect1596 comment1597 perponder1599 revolvea1600 rumine1605 consider on, upon1606 to think twice1623 reflex1631 spell1645 ponderatea1652 to turn about1725 to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736 to wake over1771 incubatea1847 mull1857 fink1888 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. f. 288 Thairfoir thowsowld richt prudently perpend. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 296 Therefore, perpend my Princesse, and giue eare. View more context for this quotation 1647 H. More Philos. Poems 89 For no mans self (if yon do well perpend) Guiltie's of ought when nought doth from him flow. 1792 T. Dermody Poems 71 And now, right worthy Sirs, perpend, While Life remains, I want a friend; When Death comes on, why,—there's an End. 1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 64 107 Perpend upon this..at your leisure. 1868 W. R. Greg Lit. & Social Judgm. 152 They are..too impatient to perpend and reflect. 1933 P. G. Wodehouse Heavy Weather xvi. 284 ‘Well?’ he said. Monty perpended. ‘It's a little difficult to know where to begin.’ 2002 New Straits Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 18 Dec. 10 Gentle Reader, perpend (but finish your breakfast first). †2. transitive. To weigh in a balance. Chiefly figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain the weight of [verb (transitive)] weighc1000 aweighOE peisea1382 poise1458 ponder?1518 pound1570 tron1609 perpenda1612 librate1623 scale1691 weight1734 a1612 W. Fowler Tarantula of Love in Wks. (1914) I. 192 Perpend my woes in ballances of zeale, And trye my treuthe and my vnstaynd intent. 1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. i. 50 A good wise person,..strictly himself surveys... Himself perpends [L. pendit] In a just ballance, that no flaw there be, Nothing extuberant, but that all agree. 1834 J. Hogg in Blackwood's Mag. June 951/1 As if he struggled, conscience-check'd, Some dire offence to recollect, But could not all its weight perpend, Nor its dimensions comprehend. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1867v.1447
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