pharen.

Brit.

/fɛː/, U.S.

/fɛ(ə)r/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s– phare, 1500s phair (Scottish).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Pharus.

Etymology: < classical Latin Pharus (see pharos n.¹). With sense 1 compare Middle French, French phare lighthouse, beacon (1548 in this sense, but see note below) and the cognates cited at pharos n.¹ In sense 2 after Middle French far (c1195 in Old French, denoting the Strait of Messina) and its etymon Italian faro (although this is apparently first attested later in this sense: second half of the 14th cent., also as †fare ; specific sense of faro pharos n.¹).In quot. c1450 at sense 1 interpreted by Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) as ‘synagogue light’. The Dictionnaire du moyen français website at phare glosses far in a c1442–4 occurrence of Middle French far de Messine as ‘lighthouse’, but in its context it seems at least equally likely to refer to the Strait of Messina.

1. A beacon, a light, esp. a lighthouse; = pharos n.¹ 1. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > object on land or sea as guide > light beacon or lighthouse

fire towereOE

lightc1425

firehouse1450

pharec1450

pharos1550

light tower1588

lantern1601

watchtower1601

lighthouse1606

lowlight1655

sea-light1691

obeliscolychny1694

light1791

leading light1796

cage1867

flare1883

fanal-

c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) iii. 129 (MED) Iues..shall..Resygne The Sinagoge..Whiche..shall drawe to declyne, And hir phares quenche and waxen colde, With sacrede light that were wonte to shyne.

a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 15^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Phare This phair wes ane gret toure..bigit apone 7 glasin lopstayris in the see.

1616 W. Drummond Sonn.: Deare Eye in Poems i. sig. D4 Looke on the wofull Shipwracke of my Youth, And let my Ruines for a Phare thee serue To shunne this Rocke Capharean of Vntrueth.

1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 613 On the Sandy Banks stands the Phare or Watch-tower.

1835 R. Browning Paracelsus v. 175 Sun!..what care If lower mountains light their snowy phares At thine effulgence, yet acknowledge not The source of day?

1845 R. Browning Let. in Lett. R. Browning & E. B. Barrett (1899) I. 18 Like the light in those crazy Mediterranean phares I have watched at sea.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 15 Sept. 4/2 M. Bleriot, who is best known for the light he has brought into our darkness by his ‘phares’, was content,..to remain at Issy-les-Moulineaux.

1946 J. Masefield Poems 641 She passed beneath the phare new-lighted.

†2. A strait or channel lit by a lighthouse; frequently Phare of Messina. Cf. fare n.³ Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > channel > [noun] > specific strait

Hellespont1596

Magellan1596

Magellan straits1613

phare1615

the Sounda1643

belt1644

fare1653

Magellanic Straits1690

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 246 The Phare of Messina (for so these streights are now called of the Lanterne that stands on the point of Pelorus).

1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. Proem The flames thereof flew ore the Phare of Messina into Calabria.

1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 612 This Afternoon we came to an Anchor in eight Fathom Water in the Phare of Messina.

1723 London Gaz. No. 6176/1 Near the Phare of Messina.

1769 W. Hamilton Let. 17 Oct. in Observ. Vesuvius (1772) 74 The horizon lighting up by degrees, we discovered the greatest part of Calabria, and the sea on the other side of it; the Phare of Messina, the Lipari Islands; [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phare
释义	pharen. Brit. /fɛː/, U.S. /fɛ(ə)r/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s– phare, 1500s phair (Scottish). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Pharus. Etymology: < classical Latin Pharus (see pharos n.¹). With sense 1 compare Middle French, French phare lighthouse, beacon (1548 in this sense, but see note below) and the cognates cited at pharos n.¹ In sense 2 after Middle French far (c1195 in Old French, denoting the Strait of Messina) and its etymon Italian faro (although this is apparently first attested later in this sense: second half of the 14th cent., also as †fare ; specific sense of faro pharos n.¹).In quot. c1450 at sense 1 interpreted by Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) as ‘synagogue light’. The Dictionnaire du moyen français website at phare glosses far in a c1442–4 occurrence of Middle French far de Messine as ‘lighthouse’, but in its context it seems at least equally likely to refer to the Strait of Messina. 1. A beacon, a light, esp. a lighthouse; = pharos n.¹ 1. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > object on land or sea as guide > light beacon or lighthouse fire towereOE lightc1425 firehouse1450 pharec1450 pharos1550 light tower1588 lantern1601 watchtower1601 lighthouse1606 lowlight1655 sea-light1691 obeliscolychny1694 light1791 leading light1796 cage1867 flare1883 fanal- c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) iii. 129 (MED) Iues..shall..Resygne The Sinagoge..Whiche..shall drawe to declyne, And hir phares quenche and waxen colde, With sacrede light that were wonte to shyne. a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 15^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Phare This phair wes ane gret toure..bigit apone 7 glasin lopstayris in the see. 1616 W. Drummond Sonn.: Deare Eye in Poems i. sig. D4 Looke on the wofull Shipwracke of my Youth, And let my Ruines for a Phare thee serue To shunne this Rocke Capharean of Vntrueth. 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 613 On the Sandy Banks stands the Phare or Watch-tower. 1835 R. Browning Paracelsus v. 175 Sun!..what care If lower mountains light their snowy phares At thine effulgence, yet acknowledge not The source of day? 1845 R. Browning Let. in Lett. R. Browning & E. B. Barrett (1899) I. 18 Like the light in those crazy Mediterranean phares I have watched at sea. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 15 Sept. 4/2 M. Bleriot, who is best known for the light he has brought into our darkness by his ‘phares’, was content,..to remain at Issy-les-Moulineaux. 1946 J. Masefield Poems 641 She passed beneath the phare new-lighted. †2. A strait or channel lit by a lighthouse; frequently Phare of Messina. Cf. fare n.³ Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > channel > [noun] > specific strait Hellespont1596 Magellan1596 Magellan straits1613 phare1615 the Sounda1643 belt1644 fare1653 Magellanic Straits1690 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 246 The Phare of Messina (for so these streights are now called of the Lanterne that stands on the point of Pelorus). 1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. Proem The flames thereof flew ore the Phare of Messina into Calabria. 1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 612 This Afternoon we came to an Anchor in eight Fathom Water in the Phare of Messina. 1723 London Gaz. No. 6176/1 Near the Phare of Messina. 1769 W. Hamilton Let. 17 Oct. in Observ. Vesuvius (1772) 74 The horizon lighting up by degrees, we discovered the greatest part of Calabria, and the sea on the other side of it; the Phare of Messina, the Lipari Islands; [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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