phantasmn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈfantaz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈfænˌtæz(ə)m/

Forms:

α. early Middle English fantesme, Middle English–1600s fantasme, 1600s– fantasm.

β. 1500s– phantasm, 1600s–1700s phantasme.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fantasme; Latin phantasma.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman fawntesme, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French fantasme, Middle French phantasme illusion, false appearance, delusion, apparition (late 12th cent.; French fantasme , phantasme ) and its etymon classical Latin phantasma ghost, apparition, in post-classical Latin also mental image (late 4th cent. in Augustine), figment, illusion (early 5th cent. in Augustine) < ancient Greek ϕάντασμα appearance, vision, dream, ghost, apparition < ϕαντάζειν to make visible, present to (or as to) the eye ( < ϕαντ- , stem frequently in derivatives of ϕαίνειν to show, cause to appear, bring to light: see -phane comb. form) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare Old Occitan fantasma (1279), Catalan fantasma (1372), Spanish fantasma (mid 13th cent.), Italian fantasma (a1276).

A. n.

a. As a mass noun: illusion, deceptive appearance. Cf. phantom n. 1a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun]

phantasma1250

phantomya1400

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > deceptive fancy or illusion > [noun] > delusive habit or state

phantasma1250

mazec1300

fantasy1340

fancy1597

illusiveness1727

illusion1774

mythicalism1896

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 62 Þe worldes dweole & hire fantesme [L. vanitatem; Psalms 128.37].

c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) 1432 Wyth fantasme and fayrye Þus sche blerede hys yȝe.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 289/1 The deuylle appered to them in guyse of a maronner in a shippe of fantasme.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 23 Phantasme is that, to which we are attracted by that frustraneous attraction, which happens in melancholy, or mad persons.

1860 R. W. Emerson Illusions in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 283 'Tis all phantasm.

2000 Yale Jrnl. on Regulation (Nexis) 17 No. 1. They believe that the specter of disloyal management employing lockups for its selfish ends is mere phantasm.

b. A thing or being which apparently exists but is not real; a hallucination or vision; a figment of the imagination; an illusion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun] > an optical illusion

phantasma1398

emphasis1654

optical illusion1763

fata Morgana1818

trompe l'œil1889

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > unreality > an unreal thing or appearance

phantasma1398

chimera1587

mockerya1616

Scotch mist1647

tanquam1654

Plato's cave1683

unreal1825

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > a vision > [noun]

swevenc897

sightc950

showing?c1225

visionc1290

avisionc1300

phantasma1398

semblance1489

visure1535

visioning1832

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > deceptive fancy or illusion > [noun]

fantasyc1325

fairyc1330

illusionc1374

mazec1390

phantasma1398

dream1489

phantom1557

seeming1576

phantasma1598

fancy1609

hallucinationa1652

phantastry1656

phasm1659

fata Morgana1818

dreamland1832

stardust1906

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 77^v In slepinge, for medlinge of resoun wiþ fantasmes, þe soule metiþ wiþ mony fantasyes.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 10890 (MED) Yt ar but fantasmes that ye speke.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 175 b/2 He [sc. St Germayn] dyd so many myracles that yf his merytes had not goon before they shold haue ben trowed fantasmes.

1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. P4^v According to the phantasmes and visions, which appeared to them in their sleepe.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 10 Or else it was a fantasm bred by the feaver which had then seis'd him.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. ii. 68 The Minds of Men strongly possess'd with Fear, especially in the Dark, raise up the Phantasms of Spectres, Bug-bears, or Affrightful Apparitions to them.

1778 F. Burney Evelina I. xxx. 231 I will not afflict you with the melancholy phantasms of my brain.

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. v. 127 The allegorical phantasms of his religion, no doubt, gave a direction to the Aztec artist, in his delineation of the human figure.

1896 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Dec. 1627/2 Is it true of opium visions? The same law certainly applies to some hysterical phantasms.

1941 E. R. Eddison Fish Dinner vii. 124 As the drunkard that swallowed the true live frog in his beer-mug, supposing it but such another fantasm as he was customed to?

1994 W. Maples & M. Browning Dead Men do tell Tales i. 2 I dreamed..that the laces and uppers were crawling with maggots. But there was a simple, ordinary explanation for this phantasm.

†c. A person who is not what he or she appears or claims to be; an impostor. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun] > one who or that which dissembles

feigner1382

pseudo1402

simular1526

simuler1534

colourer1554

counterfeiter1561

truphane1568

counterfeit1574

put-forth1581

pretender1583

impostor1586

idol1590

would-be1607

phantasm1622

farce1696

imposture1699

Barmecide1713

simulator1835

fraud1850

sham1850

fake1855

swindle1858

shammer1861

make-believe1863

hoax1869

economizer1874

make-believer1884

ringer1896

phoney1902

faker1910

shill1976

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 24 The People were in furie, entertayning this Airie bodie or phantasme [sc. Lambert Simnel] with incredible affection.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 229 Farre from being a Plagiary..[he] refuseth that which is his own, and suffers a Phantasme, to receive those acclamations and praises which belong to himselfe.

1641 J. Milton Of Prelatical Episc. 23 Rather to make this phantasme an expounder, or indeed a depraver of Saint Paul, then Saint Paul an examiner, and discoverer of this impostorship.

d. figurative. An illusory likeness of an abstract concept; a counterfeit; a sham; an inferior or false copy or semblance. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > an instance of, illusion > resembling something else

false1598

trick1602

apparition1610

phantasm1638

phantom1707

eye trap1750

mock sun1878

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 113 It is fit to stay ones selfe upon the true vertue, and not to follow the vaine Phantasmes of holinesse.

1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) xxvi. 297 If these are no true Sacraments which they take for such, but only the Shadows and the Phantasms of them.

1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) xlviii There is only one Church and only one religion, all other forms and phrases are mere phantasms.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. viii. lviii. 175 Every phantasm of a hope was quickly nullified by a more substantial obstacle.

1895 K. Grahame Golden Age 5 These Olympians would talk over our heads..of this or the other social or political inanity, under the delusion that these pale phantasms of reality were among the importances of life.

1995 M. Amis Information (1996) 355 After six months in Hollywood, Audra was now a corny phantasm of man-pleasing artifice.

a. An apparition, spirit, or ghost; a visible but incorporeal being. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun]

soulOE

huea1000

ghostOE

fantasyc1325

spiritc1350

phantomc1384

phantasmc1430

haunterc1440

shadowa1464

appearance1488

wraith1513

hag1538

spoorn1584

vizarda1591

life-in-death1593

phantasma1598

umbra1601

larve1603

spectre1605

spectrum1611

apparitiona1616

shadea1616

shapea1616

showa1616

idolum1619

larva1651

white hat?1693

zumbi1704

jumbie1764

duppy1774

waff1777

zombie1788

Wild Huntsman1796

spook1801

ghostie1810

hantua1811

preta1811

bodach1814

revenant1823

death-fetch1826

sowlth1829

haunt1843

night-bat1847

spectrality1850

thivish1852

beastie1867

ghost soul1869

barrow-wight1891

resurrect1892

waft1897

churel1901

comeback1908

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 144 (MED) The disciples, supposing that he had ben a fantasme, criden for drede.

a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xiv. 26 His discipils seing him walking on y^e see weer trobled saieng, y^t it was a phantasm.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §37 That those phantasms..do frequent Cemeteries, Charnel-houses, and Churches, it is because these are the dormitories of the dead.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 743 Why..thou call'st Me Father, and that Fantasm call'st my Son?

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 41 Never yet there came Phantasms so foul thro' monster-teeming Hell.

1863 P. S. Worsley Poems & Transl. 7 Like the erring phantasm of a man Slain traitorously and cast into the deep.

1997 P. C. Doherty Haunting iv. 63 The man had been dressed in medieval garb. Oliver realised it could not be a joke so it must have been..a phantasm.

b. Parapsychology. A vision or perception of a person (living or dead) who is not physically present, esp. one involving telepathy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > vision of person

phantasm1884

1884 Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. 1883–4 2 44 Phantasms, as we call them, in order to include under a term more general than phantoms, impressions which may be not visual only, but auditory, tactile, or purely mental in character.

1887 C. L. Morgan in Mind Apr. 281 Where..the phantasm includes details of dress or aspect which could not be supplied by the percipient's mind, Mr. Gurney thinks it may be attributed to a conscious or sub-conscious image of his own appearance..in the agent's mind, which is telepathically conveyed as such to the mind of the percipient.

1987 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res. 81 23 (heading) Spontaneous telepathic experiences from Phantasms of the Living and low global geomagnetic activity.

1990 L. Picknett Encycl. Paranormal 78/1 The categories of doppelgänger and phantasms of the living frequently overlap, but generally the double is perceived by its original, and the phantasm by others.

†a. Imagination, fancy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > [noun]

sightc1175

thoughtc1175

imagination1340

thinking1340

conceptiona1387

imaginativea1398

phantasm1490

concept1536

fetch1549

conceit1556

conceiving1559

fancy1581

notion1647

fantastic1764

ideality1815

ideoplasty1884

phantastikon1917

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxii. 82 She saw also, to her semynge, two sonnes shynynge one by another, that presente hemself by symulacyon wythin the fantasme of her entendement.

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 252 Proceeding from a melancholic Phantasme.

1689 J. Evelyn Let. 4 Oct. (Bodl. Rawl. A. 171 f. 329) Y^e Subject of my wild Phantasme..naturally leading me to something which I lately mention'd.

b. A mental image or thought arising from the imagination, esp. in a dream; a flight of fancy, a dream.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > [noun] > something unreal

reverie1602

module1608

scindapsea1641

phantasm1642

Scotch mist1647

notional1653

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica Interpr. Unusuall Names sig. Q3 Energie..is the operation, efflux or activity of any being: as the light of the Sunne is the energie of the Sunne, and every phantasm of the soul is the energie of the soul.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1690) 7 His Female Friends were irrationally curious so strictly to examine his Dreams, and in this low state to hope for the Fantasms of Health.

1738 H. Brooke tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem i. 60 Ambitious phantasms haunt his idle brain.

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. Pref. p. v Is it well to recal from Limbo the phantasms of forgotten dreamers?

1991 N. Stenger Mind is Leaking Rainbow in M. Benedikt Cyberspace (1993) 57 We can expect the speed of ‘real time’ to help us project into cyberspace some of our dearest phantasms.

2004 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Jan. (Saturday section) 16 You can compare Bruegel's works with the paintings that..shaped his idea of what art might be: the delirious phantasms of Hieronymous Bosch.

a. Philosophy. A mental image, appearance, or representation, considered as the immediate object of sense perception (as distinct from the external thing itself or, in Platonic thought, its underlying form), or as the means by which the mind grasps the intelligible form of an object. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > [noun]

huea1000

imagination1340

imagea1393

portraiturea1393

trowc1460

fume1531

imaginary1594

phantasm1594

trajection1594

representationa1602

idolum1619

object1651

tablature1661

fancy1663

representamen1677

phantom1686

presentment1817

fantasy1823

projection1836

visuality1841

thought-picture1844

imago1863

vestige1885

the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > image held in memory > [noun]

fantasyc1340

imagea1393

idea1579

phantasm1594

impression1613

tablature1661

memory-image1882

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > cognition > imagism > mental image

phantasm1594

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits iv. 38 Brute beasts with the temperature of their braine, and the fantasmes [It. le fantasme] which enter thereinto by the fiue sences..partake those abilities.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 108 Memorie is a facultie of retaining well the phantasmes of things.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. i. 19 Homer, and Hesiod..busied themselves about the phantasmes or pictures of Truth, but regarded not the Truth it self.

1751 J. Harris Hermes iii. iv. 360 'Tis then on these permanent Phantasms that the human Mind first works.

1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers i. i. 25 When they are objects of memory and of imagination, they get the name of phantasms.

1880 Academy 26 June 469 The phantasm or idea which awakens feeling in accordance with an appetence is not abstract but concrete and generally single.

1969 T. F. Torrance Theol. Sci. ii. 77 The intellect is unable to apprehend particular or concrete existence directly but only in the medium of an intelligible phantasm.

†b. An idea, an object of thought. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun]

thoughtOE

thingOE

conceita1393

imagea1393

concept1479

conception1526

suppositiona1529

idee1542

idea1585

conceivement1599

project1600

representationa1602

notion1607

phantasma1620

conceptus1643

species1644

notice1654

revolution1675

representamen1677

vorstellung1807

brain-stuff1855

ideation1876

think1886

artefact1923

construct1933

mind1966

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. ii. §8. 210 God is a fantasme, that can fill the fantasie.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. i. 4 I have used it [sc. the word ‘Idea’] to express whatever is meant by Phantasm, Notion, Species, or whatever it is, which the Mind can be employ'd about in thinking.

†B. adj.

Imaginary; illusory; false. Obsolete.Superseded by phantom.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [adjective]

lyinga1225

deceptoryc1430

mockinga1529

sleight1533

prestigious?1534

illudinga1547

fallible1552

delusory1588

prestigiatory1588

illusory1599

delusive1607

deceptiousa1616

deludinga1616

flatteringa1616

delusorious1625

fallacious1626

ludificatorya1677

illusive1679

will-o'-the-wisp1682

prestigiating1716

shama1721

false1768

deceptitious1827

deceptional1830

phantasm1834

will-o'-the-wispish1842

will-o'-the-wispy1857

illusionistic1911

illusional1942

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iii, in Fraser's Mag. Nov. 586/2 Visible and tangible objects in this phantasm world.

1871 J. Morley Carlyle in Crit. Misc. (1878) 1st Ser. 180 Why then should not the royalist assume..that the Protector was a usurper and a ‘phantasm captain’?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	phantasm
释义	phantasmn.adj. Brit. /ˈfantaz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈfænˌtæz(ə)m/ Forms: α. early Middle English fantesme, Middle English–1600s fantasme, 1600s– fantasm. β. 1500s– phantasm, 1600s–1700s phantasme. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fantasme; Latin phantasma. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman fawntesme, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French fantasme, Middle French phantasme illusion, false appearance, delusion, apparition (late 12th cent.; French fantasme , phantasme ) and its etymon classical Latin phantasma ghost, apparition, in post-classical Latin also mental image (late 4th cent. in Augustine), figment, illusion (early 5th cent. in Augustine) < ancient Greek ϕάντασμα appearance, vision, dream, ghost, apparition < ϕαντάζειν to make visible, present to (or as to) the eye ( < ϕαντ- , stem frequently in derivatives of ϕαίνειν to show, cause to appear, bring to light: see -phane comb. form) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare Old Occitan fantasma (1279), Catalan fantasma (1372), Spanish fantasma (mid 13th cent.), Italian fantasma (a1276). A. n. 1. a. As a mass noun: illusion, deceptive appearance. Cf. phantom n. 1a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun] phantasma1250 phantomya1400 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > deceptive fancy or illusion > [noun] > delusive habit or state phantasma1250 mazec1300 fantasy1340 fancy1597 illusiveness1727 illusion1774 mythicalism1896 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 62 Þe worldes dweole & hire fantesme [L. vanitatem; Psalms 128.37]. c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) 1432 Wyth fantasme and fayrye Þus sche blerede hys yȝe. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 289/1 The deuylle appered to them in guyse of a maronner in a shippe of fantasme. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 23 Phantasme is that, to which we are attracted by that frustraneous attraction, which happens in melancholy, or mad persons. 1860 R. W. Emerson Illusions in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 283 'Tis all phantasm. 2000 Yale Jrnl. on Regulation (Nexis) 17 No. 1. They believe that the specter of disloyal management employing lockups for its selfish ends is mere phantasm. b. A thing or being which apparently exists but is not real; a hallucination or vision; a figment of the imagination; an illusion. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun] > an optical illusion phantasma1398 emphasis1654 optical illusion1763 fata Morgana1818 trompe l'œil1889 the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > unreality > an unreal thing or appearance phantasma1398 chimera1587 mockerya1616 Scotch mist1647 tanquam1654 Plato's cave1683 unreal1825 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > a vision > [noun] swevenc897 sightc950 showing?c1225 visionc1290 avisionc1300 phantasma1398 semblance1489 visure1535 visioning1832 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > deceptive fancy or illusion > [noun] fantasyc1325 fairyc1330 illusionc1374 mazec1390 phantasma1398 dream1489 phantom1557 seeming1576 phantasma1598 fancy1609 hallucinationa1652 phantastry1656 phasm1659 fata Morgana1818 dreamland1832 stardust1906 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 77^v In slepinge, for medlinge of resoun wiþ fantasmes, þe soule metiþ wiþ mony fantasyes. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 10890 (MED) Yt ar but fantasmes that ye speke. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 175 b/2 He [sc. St Germayn] dyd so many myracles that yf his merytes had not goon before they shold haue ben trowed fantasmes. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. P4^v According to the phantasmes and visions, which appeared to them in their sleepe. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 10 Or else it was a fantasm bred by the feaver which had then seis'd him. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. ii. 68 The Minds of Men strongly possess'd with Fear, especially in the Dark, raise up the Phantasms of Spectres, Bug-bears, or Affrightful Apparitions to them. 1778 F. Burney Evelina I. xxx. 231 I will not afflict you with the melancholy phantasms of my brain. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. v. 127 The allegorical phantasms of his religion, no doubt, gave a direction to the Aztec artist, in his delineation of the human figure. 1896 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Dec. 1627/2 Is it true of opium visions? The same law certainly applies to some hysterical phantasms. 1941 E. R. Eddison Fish Dinner vii. 124 As the drunkard that swallowed the true live frog in his beer-mug, supposing it but such another fantasm as he was customed to? 1994 W. Maples & M. Browning Dead Men do tell Tales i. 2 I dreamed..that the laces and uppers were crawling with maggots. But there was a simple, ordinary explanation for this phantasm. †c. A person who is not what he or she appears or claims to be; an impostor. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun] > one who or that which dissembles feigner1382 pseudo1402 simular1526 simuler1534 colourer1554 counterfeiter1561 truphane1568 counterfeit1574 put-forth1581 pretender1583 impostor1586 idol1590 would-be1607 phantasm1622 farce1696 imposture1699 Barmecide1713 simulator1835 fraud1850 sham1850 fake1855 swindle1858 shammer1861 make-believe1863 hoax1869 economizer1874 make-believer1884 ringer1896 phoney1902 faker1910 shill1976 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 24 The People were in furie, entertayning this Airie bodie or phantasme [sc. Lambert Simnel] with incredible affection. 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 229 Farre from being a Plagiary..[he] refuseth that which is his own, and suffers a Phantasme, to receive those acclamations and praises which belong to himselfe. 1641 J. Milton Of Prelatical Episc. 23 Rather to make this phantasme an expounder, or indeed a depraver of Saint Paul, then Saint Paul an examiner, and discoverer of this impostorship. d. figurative. An illusory likeness of an abstract concept; a counterfeit; a sham; an inferior or false copy or semblance. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > an instance of, illusion > resembling something else false1598 trick1602 apparition1610 phantasm1638 phantom1707 eye trap1750 mock sun1878 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 113 It is fit to stay ones selfe upon the true vertue, and not to follow the vaine Phantasmes of holinesse. 1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) xxvi. 297 If these are no true Sacraments which they take for such, but only the Shadows and the Phantasms of them. 1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) xlviii There is only one Church and only one religion, all other forms and phrases are mere phantasms. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. viii. lviii. 175 Every phantasm of a hope was quickly nullified by a more substantial obstacle. 1895 K. Grahame Golden Age 5 These Olympians would talk over our heads..of this or the other social or political inanity, under the delusion that these pale phantasms of reality were among the importances of life. 1995 M. Amis Information (1996) 355 After six months in Hollywood, Audra was now a corny phantasm of man-pleasing artifice. 2. a. An apparition, spirit, or ghost; a visible but incorporeal being. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun] soulOE huea1000 ghostOE fantasyc1325 spiritc1350 phantomc1384 phantasmc1430 haunterc1440 shadowa1464 appearance1488 wraith1513 hag1538 spoorn1584 vizarda1591 life-in-death1593 phantasma1598 umbra1601 larve1603 spectre1605 spectrum1611 apparitiona1616 shadea1616 shapea1616 showa1616 idolum1619 larva1651 white hat?1693 zumbi1704 jumbie1764 duppy1774 waff1777 zombie1788 Wild Huntsman1796 spook1801 ghostie1810 hantua1811 preta1811 bodach1814 revenant1823 death-fetch1826 sowlth1829 haunt1843 night-bat1847 spectrality1850 thivish1852 beastie1867 ghost soul1869 barrow-wight1891 resurrect1892 waft1897 churel1901 comeback1908 c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 144 (MED) The disciples, supposing that he had ben a fantasme, criden for drede. a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xiv. 26 His discipils seing him walking on y^e see weer trobled saieng, y^t it was a phantasm. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §37 That those phantasms..do frequent Cemeteries, Charnel-houses, and Churches, it is because these are the dormitories of the dead. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 743 Why..thou call'st Me Father, and that Fantasm call'st my Son? View more context for this quotation 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 41 Never yet there came Phantasms so foul thro' monster-teeming Hell. 1863 P. S. Worsley Poems & Transl. 7 Like the erring phantasm of a man Slain traitorously and cast into the deep. 1997 P. C. Doherty Haunting iv. 63 The man had been dressed in medieval garb. Oliver realised it could not be a joke so it must have been..a phantasm. b. Parapsychology. A vision or perception of a person (living or dead) who is not physically present, esp. one involving telepathy. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > vision of person phantasm1884 1884 Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. 1883–4 2 44 Phantasms, as we call them, in order to include under a term more general than phantoms, impressions which may be not visual only, but auditory, tactile, or purely mental in character. 1887 C. L. Morgan in Mind Apr. 281 Where..the phantasm includes details of dress or aspect which could not be supplied by the percipient's mind, Mr. Gurney thinks it may be attributed to a conscious or sub-conscious image of his own appearance..in the agent's mind, which is telepathically conveyed as such to the mind of the percipient. 1987 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res. 81 23 (heading) Spontaneous telepathic experiences from Phantasms of the Living and low global geomagnetic activity. 1990 L. Picknett Encycl. Paranormal 78/1 The categories of doppelgänger and phantasms of the living frequently overlap, but generally the double is perceived by its original, and the phantasm by others. 3. †a. Imagination, fancy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > [noun] sightc1175 thoughtc1175 imagination1340 thinking1340 conceptiona1387 imaginativea1398 phantasm1490 concept1536 fetch1549 conceit1556 conceiving1559 fancy1581 notion1647 fantastic1764 ideality1815 ideoplasty1884 phantastikon1917 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxii. 82 She saw also, to her semynge, two sonnes shynynge one by another, that presente hemself by symulacyon wythin the fantasme of her entendement. 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 252 Proceeding from a melancholic Phantasme. 1689 J. Evelyn Let. 4 Oct. (Bodl. Rawl. A. 171 f. 329) Y^e Subject of my wild Phantasme..naturally leading me to something which I lately mention'd. b. A mental image or thought arising from the imagination, esp. in a dream; a flight of fancy, a dream. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > [noun] > something unreal reverie1602 module1608 scindapsea1641 phantasm1642 Scotch mist1647 notional1653 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica Interpr. Unusuall Names sig. Q3 Energie..is the operation, efflux or activity of any being: as the light of the Sunne is the energie of the Sunne, and every phantasm of the soul is the energie of the soul. a1682 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1690) 7 His Female Friends were irrationally curious so strictly to examine his Dreams, and in this low state to hope for the Fantasms of Health. 1738 H. Brooke tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem i. 60 Ambitious phantasms haunt his idle brain. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. Pref. p. v Is it well to recal from Limbo the phantasms of forgotten dreamers? 1991 N. Stenger Mind is Leaking Rainbow in M. Benedikt Cyberspace (1993) 57 We can expect the speed of ‘real time’ to help us project into cyberspace some of our dearest phantasms. 2004 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Jan. (Saturday section) 16 You can compare Bruegel's works with the paintings that..shaped his idea of what art might be: the delirious phantasms of Hieronymous Bosch. 4. a. Philosophy. A mental image, appearance, or representation, considered as the immediate object of sense perception (as distinct from the external thing itself or, in Platonic thought, its underlying form), or as the means by which the mind grasps the intelligible form of an object. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > [noun] huea1000 imagination1340 imagea1393 portraiturea1393 trowc1460 fume1531 imaginary1594 phantasm1594 trajection1594 representationa1602 idolum1619 object1651 tablature1661 fancy1663 representamen1677 phantom1686 presentment1817 fantasy1823 projection1836 visuality1841 thought-picture1844 imago1863 vestige1885 the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > image held in memory > [noun] fantasyc1340 imagea1393 idea1579 phantasm1594 impression1613 tablature1661 memory-image1882 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > cognition > imagism > mental image phantasm1594 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits iv. 38 Brute beasts with the temperature of their braine, and the fantasmes [It. le fantasme] which enter thereinto by the fiue sences..partake those abilities. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 108 Memorie is a facultie of retaining well the phantasmes of things. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. i. 19 Homer, and Hesiod..busied themselves about the phantasmes or pictures of Truth, but regarded not the Truth it self. 1751 J. Harris Hermes iii. iv. 360 'Tis then on these permanent Phantasms that the human Mind first works. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers i. i. 25 When they are objects of memory and of imagination, they get the name of phantasms. 1880 Academy 26 June 469 The phantasm or idea which awakens feeling in accordance with an appetence is not abstract but concrete and generally single. 1969 T. F. Torrance Theol. Sci. ii. 77 The intellect is unable to apprehend particular or concrete existence directly but only in the medium of an intelligible phantasm. †b. An idea, an object of thought. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] thoughtOE thingOE conceita1393 imagea1393 concept1479 conception1526 suppositiona1529 idee1542 idea1585 conceivement1599 project1600 representationa1602 notion1607 phantasma1620 conceptus1643 species1644 notice1654 revolution1675 representamen1677 vorstellung1807 brain-stuff1855 ideation1876 think1886 artefact1923 construct1933 mind1966 a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. ii. §8. 210 God is a fantasme, that can fill the fantasie. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. i. 4 I have used it [sc. the word ‘Idea’] to express whatever is meant by Phantasm, Notion, Species, or whatever it is, which the Mind can be employ'd about in thinking. †B. adj. Imaginary; illusory; false. Obsolete.Superseded by phantom. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [adjective] lyinga1225 deceptoryc1430 mockinga1529 sleight1533 prestigious?1534 illudinga1547 fallible1552 delusory1588 prestigiatory1588 illusory1599 delusive1607 deceptiousa1616 deludinga1616 flatteringa1616 delusorious1625 fallacious1626 ludificatorya1677 illusive1679 will-o'-the-wisp1682 prestigiating1716 shama1721 false1768 deceptitious1827 deceptional1830 phantasm1834 will-o'-the-wispish1842 will-o'-the-wispy1857 illusionistic1911 illusional1942 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iii, in Fraser's Mag. Nov. 586/2 Visible and tangible objects in this phantasm world. 1871 J. Morley Carlyle in Crit. Misc. (1878) 1st Ser. 180 Why then should not the royalist assume..that the Protector was a usurper and a ‘phantasm captain’? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.a1250
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