Pernambucon.

Brit.

/ˌpəːnəmˈb(j)uːkəʊ/,

/ˌpəːnamˈb(j)uːkəʊ/, U.S.

/ˌpərnəmˈbjuˌkoʊ/

Forms:

α. 1500s Fernandobuck, 1500s–1600s Fernanbuck, 1500s–1600s Fernandbuck, 1700s Fernambuck, 1700s Fernebourge, 1700s–1800s Fernambuk, 1900s– Fernambuco.

β. 1700s Pernambuca, 1800s– Pernambuco.

Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Pernambuco.

Etymology: < Pernambuco, the name of a state in north-eastern Brazil and (originally) the name of the capital city of that state (now Recife). Compare Portuguese pau de pernambuco, pau pernambuco (also as Fernambuco, pernambuco), Spanish palo de Pernambuco (earlier as palo de Fernambuco (1853); also as fernambuco), Italian fernambuco (also as Fernambucco; 1598 in Florio as fernanbucco).The Brazilian place name is of Tupi origin (compare Tupi paranã river carrying much water, puka breaking, splitting). The early forms of the word with initial F- apparently reflect an alteration of the place name after the personal name Fernando (compare forms of the place name Fernanbuco , Fernambuco from 1528 onwards in Spanish sources). An anecdote connecting the name of the city with the name of an alleged founder called Fernando was apparently still current in the late 19th cent. In the form Fernebourge probably altered after French bourg (as a place name element, e.g. in Cherbourg , Bourges ; compare bourg n.). N.E.D. (1895) enters this under Fernambuck and indicates the stress as Ferˈnambuck.

More fully Pernambuco wood. The hard, reddish wood of a tropical American tree, Caesalpinia echinata, of the family Caesalpiniaceae ( Leguminosae), formerly much valued as a source of a red dye and now used chiefly for making violin bows; (also) the wood of several other trees of the genus Caesalpinia used as dyewoods. Cf. Brazil n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > trees or shrubs yielding dyes > [noun] > brazil trees or wood

Brazilc1386

Pernambuco1595

sapan1598

braziletto1656

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs

madderOE

grain1335

alkanet1343

Brazilc1386

crop-maddera1399

red-scarletc1400

alcanna?a1425

lac?c1425

madder root?c1450

incarnationa1475

jarecork1483

orchil1483

mull1507

orcanet1548

Bristol-red1551

red sanders1553

cochineal1582

safflower1583

chay1588

Pernambuco1595

red sanderswood1598

redwood1634

peach woodc1638

scarlet1653

mesteque1667

bow-dye1676

sylvester1697

corkir1703

gamene1703

orchilla1703

crap1721

saffranon1731

kino1788

Turkey red1789

lizary1791

granilla1812

munjeet1813

rubiate1835

orcein1838

purpurin1839

ruby wood1843

sassafrid1852

aal1853

pink salt1853

magenta1860

fuchsine1865

paeonin1865

safranine1868

corallin1873

marina1874

Magdala red1875

alizarin1878

eosin1879

Turkey red oil1879

roccelline1880

ponceau1885

amarant1888

phloxine1890

hypernic1897

Turkish red1900

Lithol red1930

α.

1595 Drake's Voy. (1849) 13 In this place was great store of fruite and much fernandobuck.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A red wood called brasill or fernanbucke.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 534 Fernandbuck wood.

1702 ‘T. Snow’ Apiroscopy i. 28 [To stain wood red] take Fernebourge, half a Pound, and Rain Water.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 68 Most in Use is the Brazil-Wood, call'd Fernambuck.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce ii. 219 Brazil wood is imported principally from Pernambuco, and is also known by the name of Fernambuk wood.

1938 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. II. 68/1 Fernambuco or Pernambuco wood is considered to be the richest in colouring.

2001 P. Ball Bright Earth vi. 155 From Central America came..abundant brazilwood and the related species fernambuco and peachwood.

β. a1726 H. Barham Hortus Americanus (1794) 23 The true Brasil is called Pernambuca, being the place from whence they come in Brasil.1829 ‘C. Sealsfield’ Tokeah II. 124 The carriage whirled along the levee, through oyster and orange shops; mountains of Pernambuco logs and bricks.1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 280 Cæsalpinieæ... The dye-woods are important, namely, Log-wood (Hæmatoxylon campechianus), Brazil-wood or Pernambuco-wood (Cæsalpinia echinata, brasiliensis, and other species),..&c.1902 G. S. Boulger Wood ii. 271 Peach~wood (Cæsalpinia echinata Lam: Order Leguminosæ). Central and South America. Known also as ‘Lima, Nicaragua or Pernambuco-wood’.1920 A. L. Howard Man. Timbers of World 40 Used as a dye-wood..there is nothing that will yield the same result as the Pernambuco or brazil-wood.1943 S. J. Record & R. W. Hess Timbers New World 275/2 The principal foreign demand for the timber at present is..for the manufacture of violin bows and in this trade it is known as Pernambuco.1998 Strad July 727/1 When I annealed the bows over heat, the smell was quite different from the Pernambuco wood we are used to.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pernambuco
释义	Pernambucon. Brit. /ˌpəːnəmˈb(j)uːkəʊ/, /ˌpəːnamˈb(j)uːkəʊ/, U.S. /ˌpərnəmˈbjuˌkoʊ/ Forms: α. 1500s Fernandobuck, 1500s–1600s Fernanbuck, 1500s–1600s Fernandbuck, 1700s Fernambuck, 1700s Fernebourge, 1700s–1800s Fernambuk, 1900s– Fernambuco. β. 1700s Pernambuca, 1800s– Pernambuco. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Pernambuco. Etymology: < Pernambuco, the name of a state in north-eastern Brazil and (originally) the name of the capital city of that state (now Recife). Compare Portuguese pau de pernambuco, pau pernambuco (also as Fernambuco, pernambuco), Spanish palo de Pernambuco (earlier as palo de Fernambuco (1853); also as fernambuco), Italian fernambuco (also as Fernambucco; 1598 in Florio as fernanbucco).The Brazilian place name is of Tupi origin (compare Tupi paranã river carrying much water, puka breaking, splitting). The early forms of the word with initial F- apparently reflect an alteration of the place name after the personal name Fernando (compare forms of the place name Fernanbuco , Fernambuco from 1528 onwards in Spanish sources). An anecdote connecting the name of the city with the name of an alleged founder called Fernando was apparently still current in the late 19th cent. In the form Fernebourge probably altered after French bourg (as a place name element, e.g. in Cherbourg , Bourges ; compare bourg n.). N.E.D. (1895) enters this under Fernambuck and indicates the stress as Ferˈnambuck. More fully Pernambuco wood. The hard, reddish wood of a tropical American tree, Caesalpinia echinata, of the family Caesalpiniaceae ( Leguminosae), formerly much valued as a source of a red dye and now used chiefly for making violin bows; (also) the wood of several other trees of the genus Caesalpinia used as dyewoods. Cf. Brazil n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > trees or shrubs yielding dyes > [noun] > brazil trees or wood Brazilc1386 Pernambuco1595 sapan1598 braziletto1656 the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs madderOE grain1335 alkanet1343 Brazilc1386 crop-maddera1399 red-scarletc1400 alcanna?a1425 lac?c1425 madder root?c1450 incarnationa1475 jarecork1483 orchil1483 mull1507 orcanet1548 Bristol-red1551 red sanders1553 cochineal1582 safflower1583 chay1588 Pernambuco1595 red sanderswood1598 redwood1634 peach woodc1638 scarlet1653 mesteque1667 bow-dye1676 sylvester1697 corkir1703 gamene1703 orchilla1703 crap1721 saffranon1731 kino1788 Turkey red1789 lizary1791 granilla1812 munjeet1813 rubiate1835 orcein1838 purpurin1839 ruby wood1843 sassafrid1852 aal1853 pink salt1853 magenta1860 fuchsine1865 paeonin1865 safranine1868 corallin1873 marina1874 Magdala red1875 alizarin1878 eosin1879 Turkey red oil1879 roccelline1880 ponceau1885 amarant1888 phloxine1890 hypernic1897 Turkish red1900 Lithol red1930 α. 1595 Drake's Voy. (1849) 13 In this place was great store of fruite and much fernandobuck. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A red wood called brasill or fernanbucke. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 534 Fernandbuck wood. 1702 ‘T. Snow’ Apiroscopy i. 28 [To stain wood red] take Fernebourge, half a Pound, and Rain Water. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 68 Most in Use is the Brazil-Wood, call'd Fernambuck. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce ii. 219 Brazil wood is imported principally from Pernambuco, and is also known by the name of Fernambuk wood. 1938 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. II. 68/1 Fernambuco or Pernambuco wood is considered to be the richest in colouring. 2001 P. Ball Bright Earth vi. 155 From Central America came..abundant brazilwood and the related species fernambuco and peachwood. β. a1726 H. Barham Hortus Americanus (1794) 23 The true Brasil is called Pernambuca, being the place from whence they come in Brasil.1829 ‘C. Sealsfield’ Tokeah II. 124 The carriage whirled along the levee, through oyster and orange shops; mountains of Pernambuco logs and bricks.1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 280 Cæsalpinieæ... The dye-woods are important, namely, Log-wood (Hæmatoxylon campechianus), Brazil-wood or Pernambuco-wood (Cæsalpinia echinata, brasiliensis, and other species),..&c.1902 G. S. Boulger Wood ii. 271 Peach~wood (Cæsalpinia echinata Lam: Order Leguminosæ). Central and South America. Known also as ‘Lima, Nicaragua or Pernambuco-wood’.1920 A. L. Howard Man. Timbers of World 40 Used as a dye-wood..there is nothing that will yield the same result as the Pernambuco or brazil-wood.1943 S. J. Record & R. W. Hess Timbers New World 275/2 The principal foreign demand for the timber at present is..for the manufacture of violin bows and in this trade it is known as Pernambuco.1998 Strad July 727/1 When I annealed the bows over heat, the smell was quite different from the Pernambuco wood we are used to. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1595
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