philopenan.

Brit.

/ˌfɪlᵻˈpiːnə/, U.S.

/ˌfɪləˈpinə/

Forms: 1800s fillipeen, 1800s fillipeener, 1800s philippena, 1800s philippina, 1800s phillerpener, 1800s phillipeener, 1800s phillipene, 1800s phillipina, 1800s phillipoenae, 1800s phillippina, 1800s philopaene, 1800s– philopena, 1800s– philopoena, 1800s– philopoene, 1900s– filipino, 1900s– fillipine, 1900s– philippine.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Immediate origin unknown. Compare French philippine (1869 in the phrase Bonjour, Philippine! (see note below), 1898 denoting the game, c1900 denoting an almond or nut with a double kernel), Dutch filippien (1883 or earlier denoting the game; earlier in sense ‘nut with a double kernel’ (1840 or earlier as philippines (plural)); now usually filippine ), Danish filippine (1851 as †philipine denoting the game, a1883 in sense ‘nut with a double kernel’; also as †philippine (1868–73 or earlier)), Swedish filipin (1881 denoting the game, 1920 in sense ‘almond or nut with a double kernel’), and German Vielliebchen (1822 denoting the game, also denoting an almond or nut with a double kernel; also as Filipchen , Philippinchen (now regional; compare German regional (Rhineland) Filipche , Filipke , Philippche , etc., (Luxemburg) Philippchen )). The relationship between these words is unclear (see note). Later forms in -paene , -pena , -poena apparently show folk-etymological alteration after philo- comb. form and poena n. or its etymon classical Latin poena.Both the French and German words apparently represent folk-etymological alterations, but it is unclear whether the French word was borrowed from the German or vice versa. Luxemburger Wörterbuch (1950) I. 370, s.v. Philippchen, suggests that the German word is ultimately < Valentine n., via French valentin or its corresponding feminine valentine , which was altered to philippine and thence borrowed into Mosel Franconian dialects of German, and etymological dictionaries of French and German have largely accepted this view. However, there are serious difficulties: the motive for folk-etymological alteration within French is unknown (and without folk-etymological influence, the development of French valentin or valentine into philippine is impossible), and only the sense ‘sweetheart’ or ‘suitor’, not ‘Valentine's Day present’, appears to be recorded for valentin and valentine in French. The traditional greeting in the German game (see sense 1) is Guten Morgen, Vielliebchen!; in the French game it is Bon jour, Philippine!

Originally and chiefly U.S. Now rare.

1. A game or custom, originating in Germany, in which a gift or forfeit may be claimed by the first of two people who have shared a nut with two kernels to say ‘philopena’ at their next meeting; an occasion on which this is done; a gift or forfeit claimed in this way. Also: a nut with a double kernel, or a kernel from such a nut.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [noun] > double nut

philopena1839

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > nut > [noun] > other nuts

mani1604

nuciprune1682

breadnut?1740

buckeye1785

mockernut1804

breadnut1828

philopena1839

nutlet1848

Barcelona nut1851

buffalo-nut1857

urucuri1860

Queensland nut1870

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > philopoena

philopena1839

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > philopoena > gift made as forfeit

philopena1839

1839 C. F. Briggs Adventures Harry Franco II. xiv. 143 There would be..scandal by the wholesale, besides sugar kisses, and phillippinas [at the party].

1840 Southern Literary Messenger Mar. 200/2 (heading) The Bride's Transformation. (Written for Miss M. D., to pay the forfeit of a Philippina.)

1847 W. G. Hammond Diary in G. F. Whicher Remembrance of Amherst (1946) 59 Received a beautiful lamp-mat as a philopoene present.

1848 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms Fillipeen or Phillipina. There is a custom common in the Northern States at dinner or evening parties when almonds or other nuts are eaten, to reserve such as are double or contain two kernels, which are called fillipeens. If found by a lady, she gives one of the kernels to a gentleman, when both eat their respective kernels. When the parties again meet, each strives to be the first to exclaim, Fillipeen! for by so doing he or she is entitled to a present from the other.

1854 ‘M. Harland’ Alone ix ‘Miss Ida’, said Charles Dana, across the table, ‘Will you eat a philopœna with me?’

1857 Knickerbocker Feb. 180 The unostentatious charity of drives, bouquets, small fillipeener jewelry, etc.

1871 H. B. Stowe My Wife & I xxxii. 340 A rich good-humored young man who..sends diamonds and pearls as philopoena presents.

1905 Daily Chron. 14 Feb. 4/7 In those days Valentines were as expensive as philopœnes.

1917 H. H. Richardson Fortunes Richard Mahony I. iii. v. 213 She had won a pair of gloves in a philippine with Mr. Urquhart.

1939 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Ingleside (1943) xli. 331 ‘Does anybody ever eat philopenas now?’ asked Dr Murray, who had just cracked a twin almond.

1945 C. Bax Vintage Verse ii. 50 The rhyme-pair must seem to occur as naturally as fillipines in a nutshell.

2. figurative and in figurative contexts.

ΚΠ

1890 Harper's Mag. Apr. 715 Sisters is real lux'ries..an' when you come to a twin, a kinder phillerpener sister, why, it's like a piece o' your own self.

1894 ‘M. Twain’ Pudd'nhead Wilson xi. 151 Boys, I move that he keeps still and lets this human philopena snip you out a speech.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	philopena
释义	philopenan. Brit. /ˌfɪlᵻˈpiːnə/, U.S. /ˌfɪləˈpinə/ Forms: 1800s fillipeen, 1800s fillipeener, 1800s philippena, 1800s philippina, 1800s phillerpener, 1800s phillipeener, 1800s phillipene, 1800s phillipina, 1800s phillipoenae, 1800s phillippina, 1800s philopaene, 1800s– philopena, 1800s– philopoena, 1800s– philopoene, 1900s– filipino, 1900s– fillipine, 1900s– philippine. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Immediate origin unknown. Compare French philippine (1869 in the phrase Bonjour, Philippine! (see note below), 1898 denoting the game, c1900 denoting an almond or nut with a double kernel), Dutch filippien (1883 or earlier denoting the game; earlier in sense ‘nut with a double kernel’ (1840 or earlier as philippines (plural)); now usually filippine ), Danish filippine (1851 as †philipine denoting the game, a1883 in sense ‘nut with a double kernel’; also as †philippine (1868–73 or earlier)), Swedish filipin (1881 denoting the game, 1920 in sense ‘almond or nut with a double kernel’), and German Vielliebchen (1822 denoting the game, also denoting an almond or nut with a double kernel; also as Filipchen , Philippinchen (now regional; compare German regional (Rhineland) Filipche , Filipke , Philippche , etc., (Luxemburg) Philippchen )). The relationship between these words is unclear (see note). Later forms in -paene , -pena , -poena apparently show folk-etymological alteration after philo- comb. form and poena n. or its etymon classical Latin poena.Both the French and German words apparently represent folk-etymological alterations, but it is unclear whether the French word was borrowed from the German or vice versa. Luxemburger Wörterbuch (1950) I. 370, s.v. Philippchen, suggests that the German word is ultimately < Valentine n., via French valentin or its corresponding feminine valentine , which was altered to philippine and thence borrowed into Mosel Franconian dialects of German, and etymological dictionaries of French and German have largely accepted this view. However, there are serious difficulties: the motive for folk-etymological alteration within French is unknown (and without folk-etymological influence, the development of French valentin or valentine into philippine is impossible), and only the sense ‘sweetheart’ or ‘suitor’, not ‘Valentine's Day present’, appears to be recorded for valentin and valentine in French. The traditional greeting in the German game (see sense 1) is Guten Morgen, Vielliebchen!; in the French game it is Bon jour, Philippine! Originally and chiefly U.S. Now rare. 1. A game or custom, originating in Germany, in which a gift or forfeit may be claimed by the first of two people who have shared a nut with two kernels to say ‘philopena’ at their next meeting; an occasion on which this is done; a gift or forfeit claimed in this way. Also: a nut with a double kernel, or a kernel from such a nut. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [noun] > double nut philopena1839 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > nut > [noun] > other nuts mani1604 nuciprune1682 breadnut?1740 buckeye1785 mockernut1804 breadnut1828 philopena1839 nutlet1848 Barcelona nut1851 buffalo-nut1857 urucuri1860 Queensland nut1870 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > philopoena philopena1839 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > philopoena > gift made as forfeit philopena1839 1839 C. F. Briggs Adventures Harry Franco II. xiv. 143 There would be..scandal by the wholesale, besides sugar kisses, and phillippinas [at the party]. 1840 Southern Literary Messenger Mar. 200/2 (heading) The Bride's Transformation. (Written for Miss M. D., to pay the forfeit of a Philippina.) 1847 W. G. Hammond Diary in G. F. Whicher Remembrance of Amherst (1946) 59 Received a beautiful lamp-mat as a philopoene present. 1848 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms Fillipeen or Phillipina. There is a custom common in the Northern States at dinner or evening parties when almonds or other nuts are eaten, to reserve such as are double or contain two kernels, which are called fillipeens. If found by a lady, she gives one of the kernels to a gentleman, when both eat their respective kernels. When the parties again meet, each strives to be the first to exclaim, Fillipeen! for by so doing he or she is entitled to a present from the other. 1854 ‘M. Harland’ Alone ix ‘Miss Ida’, said Charles Dana, across the table, ‘Will you eat a philopœna with me?’ 1857 Knickerbocker Feb. 180 The unostentatious charity of drives, bouquets, small fillipeener jewelry, etc. 1871 H. B. Stowe My Wife & I xxxii. 340 A rich good-humored young man who..sends diamonds and pearls as philopoena presents. 1905 Daily Chron. 14 Feb. 4/7 In those days Valentines were as expensive as philopœnes. 1917 H. H. Richardson Fortunes Richard Mahony I. iii. v. 213 She had won a pair of gloves in a philippine with Mr. Urquhart. 1939 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Ingleside (1943) xli. 331 ‘Does anybody ever eat philopenas now?’ asked Dr Murray, who had just cracked a twin almond. 1945 C. Bax Vintage Verse ii. 50 The rhyme-pair must seem to occur as naturally as fillipines in a nutshell. 2. figurative and in figurative contexts. ΚΠ 1890 Harper's Mag. Apr. 715 Sisters is real lux'ries..an' when you come to a twin, a kinder phillerpener sister, why, it's like a piece o' your own self. 1894 ‘M. Twain’ Pudd'nhead Wilson xi. 151 Boys, I move that he keeps still and lets this human philopena snip you out a speech. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1839
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