permanentadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpəːmənənt/,

/ˈpəːmn̩ənt/, U.S.

/ˈpərm(ə)nənt/

Forms: late Middle English permanente, late Middle English– permanent; Scottish pre-1700 parmanent, pre-1700 1700s– permanent.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French permanent; Latin permanent-, permanēns.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French permanent (1370–2; compare earlier Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French permanant (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as permegnant ; also in Anglo-Norman and Old French as parmanant , permenant , etc.)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin permanent-, permanēns stable, enduring, in post-classical Latin also (of a person) constant (5th cent.), use as adjective of present participle of permanēre to go on staying, remain, continue, persist, survive < per- per- prefix + manēre to stay (see remain v.). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin permanens (masculine) person who is constant (c400), (neuter) enduring or lasting thing (6th cent.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan permanent (1279 or earlier), Catalan permanent (c1400), Spanish permanente, †permanent (both early 15th cent. or earlier), Italian permanente (a1292).With sense B. 4 compare perm n.¹ and also French permanente (1931).

A. adj.

a. Continuing or designed to continue or last indefinitely without change; abiding, enduring, lasting; persistent. Opposed to temporary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring

longeOE

longsomeeOE

long of lifeOE

lastinga1225

cleaving1340

continualc1340

dwellingc1380

long-livinga1382

everlastingc1384

long-duringa1387

long-lasting?a1400

long-liveda1400

broadc1400

permanable?c1422

perseverant?a1425

permanentc1425

perdurable?a1439

continuedc1440

abiding1448

unremoved1455

eternalc1460

long-continued1464

continuing1526

long-enduring1527

enduring1532

immortal1538

diuturn?1541

veterated1547

resiant?1567

stayinga1568

well-wearinga1568

substantive1575

pertinacious1578

extant1581

ceaseless1590

marble1596

of length1597

longeval1598

diuturnal1599

nine-lived1600

chronic1601

unexhausted1602

chronical1604

endurable1607

continuant1610

indeflourishing1610

aged1611

indurant1611

continuatea1616

perennious1628

seculara1631

undiscontinueda1631

continuated1632

untransitory1632

long-spun1633

momently1641

stative1643

outliving1645

constant1653

long-descended1660

voluminousa1661

perduring1664

perdurant1671

livelong1673

perennial1676

longeve1678

consequential1681

unquenched1703

lifelong1746

momentary1755

inveterate1780

stabile1797

persistent1826

unpassing1831

all-time1846

year-long1846

teak-built1847

lengthful1855

long-term1867

long haul1873

sticky1879

week-to-week1879

perenduring1883

long-range1885

longish1889

long-time1902

long run1904

long-life1915

c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 32 (MED) A bilynge certeynly styddefastly here permanent, vnspottid shall be translatid yn-to the kyngdome euerlastynge.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde Prol. 1 Wordes ben perisshyng vayne & forgeteful, And writynges duelle & abide permanent.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Eiii We haue no dwellyng place ne citie here permanent.

1589 J. Penry Th'appellation 17 The boldnes of our Bishops..in demanding why Pastors, Doctors, Elders and deacons, should be permanent: seeing Apostles, Prophets and Euangelists were but temporarie.

1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 80 A stable and permanent knowledge.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. v. 206 Wherein the parts of that complex Idea have a setled and permanent Union.

1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous ii. 79 These Creatures of the Fancy are not altogether so distinct, so strong, vivid, and permanent.

a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) iii. iii. 286 Human institutions perish, but nature is permanent.

1832 H. Martineau Demerara ii. 25 There was a permanent population of 300 slaves on the estate at that time.

1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) i. iii. 117 In permanent barracks a man is allowed 600 cubic feet [of air].

1895 T. Hardy Jude i. xi. 81 Having based a permanent contract on a temporary feeling which had no necessary connection.

1927 V. Woolf To Lighthouse iii. iii. 241 Mrs. Ramsay making of the moment something permanent (as in another sphere Lily herself tried).

1976 A. Eden Another World iii. 40 It all seemed so permanent; the same family had been established at this same site for four centuries.

1992 Sew News Dec. 34/2 To speed up the overlay process, use a permanent fabric glue instead of hand basting.

†b. Fixed, motionless. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [adjective] > remaining in one place

stablea1400

dormantc1440

standing1469

remanent?a1475

ledger1547

fixed1559

restiff1578

statary1581

permanent1588

consistent1604

stationary1631

fundamental1633

resident1653

sedentary1667

statual1752

loco-restive1796

untransmigrated1821

stabile1896

static1910

sessile1917

1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. E4^v Richesse is..as brittle as Glasse, standing vpon a Globe that is neuer permanent.

1595 M. Drayton Endimion & Phoebe sig. E3 The Center permanent dooth stay, When as the skies in their diurnall sway, Strongly maintaine the euer-turning course.

†c. Botany. = persistent adj. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [adjective] > permanent or discarded

shedc1430

deciduous1657

marcescent1727

fugacious1750

permanent1776

shrivelling1776

persisting1777

persistent1785

sphacelate1785

shedding1796

sphacelated1806

caducous1808

restant1828

fugitive1830

horarious1866

1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. All Vegetables x. 254 Cup cylindrical; tubular; scored; permanent; with five teeth at the mouth.

1787 T. Martyn tr. J. J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. (ed. 2) v. 52 These [styles] are permanent, or continue after the petals and stamens fall off.

1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. Families of Plants I. 63 The leaflets longer than the floret, loose, permanent.

1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. iv. 402 Permanent (perennans); not different from persistent: it is generally applied to leaves.

†2. Of a person: resolute, steadfast, constant (in a virtue). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective]

fasteOE

stathelfasteOE

anredOE

hardOE

starkOE

trueOE

steadfast993

fastredeOE

stithc1000

findyOE

stablea1275

stathelyc1275

stiffc1275

stablec1290

steel to the (very) backa1300

unbowinga1300

stably13..

firm1377

unmovablea1382

constantc1386

abidingc1400

toughc1400

sure1421

unmoblea1425

unfaintedc1425

unfaint1436

permanent?a1475

stalwartc1480

unbroken1513

immovable1534

inconcuss1542

unshaken1548

stout1569

unwavering1570

undiscourageable1571

fixed1574

discourageable1576

unappalled1578

resolute1579

unremoved1583

resolved1585

unflexiblea1586

unshakeda1586

square1589

unstooping1597

iron1598

rocky1601

steady1602

undeclinable1610

unboweda1616

unfainting1615

unswayed1615

staunch1624

undiscourageda1628

staid1631

unshook1633

blue?1636

true blue?1636

tenacious1640

uncomplying1643

yieldless1651

riveting1658

unshakened1659

inconquerable1660

unyielding1677

unbendinga1688

tight1690

unswerving1694

unfaltering1727

unsubmitting1730

undeviating1732

undrooping1736

impervertible1741

undamped1742

undyingc1765

sturdy1775

stiff as a poker1798

unfickle1802

indivertible1821

thick and thin1822

undisheartened1827

inconvertible1829

straightforward1829

indomitable1830

stickfast1831

unsuccumbing1833

unturnable1847

unswerved1849

undivertible1856

unforsaking1862

swerveless1863

steeve1870

rock-ribbed1884

stiff in the back1897

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [adjective]

stablea1300

durablec1386

during1398

durant1455

permanent?a1475

standingc1480

perseverablea1500

indelible1532

of long standinga1568

permansible1568

long-established1589

dureful1595

subsistent1603

subsisting1613

staple1621

constant1645

long-standing1655

throughout1701

untemporary1784

pukka1801

rock-ribbed1903

hardwired1971

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 349 (MED) The sonnes and doȝhters of the seide Nicholas were permanente [L. permanserint] in chastite alle the tyme of theire life.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxiii^v All the tounes..wer permanent and stiffe on the parte of kyng Henry.

a1598 A. Montgomerie Poems (1910) xvii. 96 Fairweill, my Love and Lady cleir; Be permanent, I pray ȝou.

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania iii. 337 Sweete be a louer puer, and permanent.

B. n.

1. That which endures or persists; the permanent part of something; a permanent person or thing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [noun] > permanent thing or person

perpetuity?1406

perseveranta1500

continuer1548

remainer1565

standard1639

holder-out1645

constancy1710

permanent1747

permanency1794

1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xxviii. 180 These men, my dear, with all their flatteries, look forward to the permanent. Indeed, it is fit they should.

1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 26 Sharp distinctions of the fluctuating and the permanent.

1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith vi. §6. 413 This spiritual life is the permanent of humanity.

1891 H. Jones Browning as Teacher 229 If man be..a permanent that always changes from earliest childhood to old age.

1899 A. Austin in Daily News 16 Nov. 4/5 The confounding of the Passing with the Permanent.

1900 W. James Let. 10 June in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) I. 647 Once as streams of individual thinking, once as physical permanents, without the immediately real ever having been either of these dirempted things.

1920 A. Huxley Limbo 261 It is our cheap press. The ephemeral overwhelms the permanent, the classical.

1997 New Statesman 18 July 42 The temporary is permanent and the permanent is temporary.

2. A kind of light cotton cloth with a permanent dye.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > coloured, patterned, or printed > specific

pintadoa1575

Salempore1598

chintz1614

nankeenc1700

caffa1701

jamwar1721

nankinett1794

purdah1813

zephyr1819

nankeening1830

calico1841

permanent1854

galatea1874

Madras gingham1880

Turkey red1880

Madras1897

shadow cretonne1932

shadow stripe1932

1854 Househ. Words 6 May 270/1 Then, of dyed goods, came Silesias, Casbans, constitutions, and permanents.

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 389/1 Permanents. These are cotton cloths, of a light description, similar in texture to Turkey Cambrics; some of them have a slight glaze. They are dyed in a variety of colours, and are much employed for the trimming of dresses.

1915 L. Harmuth Dict. Textiles 119/1 Permanents, in England, a light cotton cloth, used for trimming; it is dyed in various colors and is often finished with a gloss.

3. A permanent employee.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > employee

employé1811

workhand1821

employe1835

employee1850

employée1862

permanent1863

staff1931

perm1945

staffer1950

hire1954

1863 J. H. Speke Jrnl. Discov. Source Nile vi. 135 The greatest [grievance]..was, that I always paid the Wanyamûézi ‘temporaries’ more than they got, though ‘permanents’.

1922 H. Jenkins John Dene of Toronto iv. 75 Thirty-five shillings a week and, if I become a permanent, a pension when I'm too old to enjoy it.

1930 A. P. Herbert Water Gipsies xix. 274 It was not so natural, perhaps, for her to offer herself as a ‘permanent’; for Ernest..would be against her returning to..domestic service.

2002 Chicago Tribune 15 Sept. v. 5/2 The permanents got stock options and benefits, and the temps didn't.

4. = perm n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > [noun] > curling or frizzing > act of

cold wave1876

permanent wave1906

wave1925

permanent1926

perm1927

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > curled or frizzed style

frizz1668

bullhead1672

bull1699

buckle1711

frizzle1850

cataract curls1864

Niagara1864

water wave1876

marcel wave1895

permanent wave1906

Greek goda1910

marcel1921

finger wave1925

permanent1926

perm1927

home perm1949

Afro1967

natural1967

Jewfro1976

Jheri curl1977

bubble perm1992

1926 Hairdressing 10 Sept. 241/1 This can only be done by superior work; namely, excellent setting of the finished permanent.

1932 New Yorker 4 June 64/3 (advt.) A deep-wave marcel permanent styled for you alone in the modern manner.

1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) v. 117 Is there anything wrong with Yvette's beauty parlour..? I'm going there this afternoon—for a permanent. I hope it lasts a week.

1974 New Yorker 3 June 90/2 It is not uncommon for a woman to be receiving a permanent in one barber chair while a man is shaved in the other.

1990 K. Lawrence Springs Living Water ii. 29 They visited faithfully on weekends, bearing tokens of their New Lives: cakes made up from mixes, frizzy permanents, bottle-fed babies.

5. Mathematics. The sum of the elements of a matrix taken without regard to sign (in contrast to a determinant).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun]

combination1684

permanent1939

1939 A. C. Aitken Determinants & Matrices ii. 30 The corresponding sum with terms all positive is called the permanent of A; its properties are neither so simple nor so rich in application as those of determinants, but it has an importance in the theory of symmetric functions and in abstract algebra.

1988 D. Welsh Codes & Cryptogr. ix. 136 On the surface, the permanent is a much simpler function of A than the determinant.

1998 Amer. Math. Monthly 105 772 The permanent of an n-by-n nonnegative matrix is 0 if and only if the matrix contains a k by n + 1 − k submatrix of zeros, for some k.

Compounds

permanent air n. now historical a gas which cannot be readily liquefied, as contrasted with a vapour, which can; cf. permanent gas n.

ΚΠ

1665 R. Boyle New Exper. & Observ. Cold ii. ix. 255 We should also be obliged to enquire, whether or no Air, I mean true and permanent Air, can be generated anew, as well out of common water, as many other liquors.

1718 I. Newton Opticks (ed. 2) iii. i. 372 The particles of permanent Air are grosser, and arise from denser Substances than those of Vapours.

1980 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 70 13/2 To put this question in the terms commonly employed in the eighteenth century, is there a real difference between true permanent air and vapors?

2000 M. Crosland in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere Instruments & Exper. Hist. Chem. iv. 83 When Boyle spoke of ‘true air’, he..meant permanent air, air that did not condense on standing because it was really, for example, water vapour.

permanent alimony n. alimony granted for life to a person who obtains a legal separation from his or her spouse.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > alimony

alimony1622

permanent alimony1820

1820 Times 30 Nov. 3/6 He settled the permanent alimony at 55l., being only 5l. a year more than his former decree.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 671/1 Permanent alimony is generally more than when pendente lite, and usually one-third the husband's income.

2001 Business Week (Nexis) 18 June 160 A high-earning female executive..was responsible under state law to pay permanent alimony to her husband when their 15-year marriage ended.

permanent blue n. (the colour of) artificial ultramarine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific

azurec1374

lapis lazulia1425

litmusc1503

verditer1505

florey1527

bice1548

smalt1558

smalts1591

smalt1598

ultramarine1598

litmus blue1612

verditer1665

ultramarine blue (or colour)1686

blue sublimate1700

Prussian blue1724

terre bleue1728

starch blue1742

king's blue1778

verditel1778

Antwerp brown1787

Berlin blue1794

lacmus1794

Antwerp blue1795

French blue1802

lapis1811

Waterloo blue1815

Waterloo1823

cobalt1835

Thénard's blue1837

iron blue1839

turnsole1839

permanent blue1863

opal blue1880

Haarlem blue1885

cyanine blue1886

cerulean blue1889

Victoria blue1890

Milori blue1899

Prussian1911

Windsor blue1912

gentianine1927

Monastral1936

Alcian Blue1947

1855 Godey's Lady's Bk. Aug. 176/2 If a piece of white calico be dipped into this solution for a few minutes, it will be dyed green; and by exposure to the atmosphere only for a few seconds, this will be converted to a permanent blue.]

1863 L. B. Urbino Art Recreations 90 Distant mountains, permanent blue, Naples yellow, and Venetian red. Nearer ones, use yellow ocher instead of Naples yellow.

1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 252/3 Artists Tube Oil Colors... Permanent Blue.

1984 Artist Sept. 32/2 Sky blue, permanent blue, and Antwerp blue are mixed, or poorer quality varieties of these blues.

permanent dye n. a dye which retains its colour for a long time, and will not quickly wash out or fade; cf. fast adj. 1d.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [noun] > colours

wash1670

permanent dye1815

blondine1888

hair lightener1892

washable distemper1894

reng1901

tint1921

blue rinse1924

rinse1928

permanent tint1960

powder colour1966

toner1966

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 527 Dyes..which require no mordant, are called permanent or great dyes.

1832 Abstr. Papers Royal Soc. 1800–14 1 418 The next object..was to find such combinations of the colouring matter as would be insoluble, and might therefore afford a permanent dye.

1973 Times 30 June 7/1 The only thing he could not find was a supply of good permanent dye... All he had been able to find to darken his skin was a mixture of oil and lamp-black.

2003 Independent (Nexis) 19 Mar. 11 The concerns centre mostly on permanent dyes, including oxidative hair products.

permanent five n. = permanent five members n.

ΚΠ

1964 Times 16 Nov. 11/3 Because of the deadlock for fifteen years over the representation of China little has been heard of the part which the permanent five and the Security Council could take in ensuring disarmament.

2003 Foreign Affairs May–June 33 Granting a de jure veto to the permanent five was, of course, the [UN] charter's intended antidote to unbridled egalitarianism.

permanent five members n. the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the U.K., and the U.S.), who have the power of veto.

ΚΠ

1952 Independent Jrnl. (San Rafael, Calif.) 3 Jan. 15/5 The U.N. sanction was illegal because the U.N. Charter specifically calls for unanimous agreement among the permanent five members of the Security Council before sanctions can be taken against any nation.

1990 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 84 1459/2 The tendency for the permanent five members to retreat from responsibility is marked.

permanent gas n. a gas which can be liquefied only at very low temperatures (such as oxygen, hydrogen, or air), and was formerly believed to be incapable of liquefaction (cf. permanent air n., permanently elastic adj. at permanently adv. Compounds); spec. a gas that is above its critical point, and so is impossible to liquefy by pressure alone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > types

permanent gas1800

carrier gas1887

flue-gas1898

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) at Air The difference between permanent and transient Air amounts to the same as that between vapour and exhalation.]

1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 202 A permanent gas is produced, which is evidently a mixture of oxygenous and hydrogenous gases.

1866 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics (ed. 2) vi. v. 258 It is natural to suppose that what are ordinarily termed permanent gases are really unsaturated vapours.

1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat x. 223 These facts favour the view that there is no essential difference between the permanent gases and those which have been liquefied.

1997 Nature 2 Jan. 14/2 Other astonishing discoveries that year [sc. 1847] included Henri Victor Regnault's revelation that not even the permanent gases satisfy perfectly the law of perfect gases.

permanent hardness n. hardness of water that cannot be removed by boiling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > water > [noun] > hardness or softness of

hardness1712

softness1712

permanent hardness1870

temporary hardness1895

1870 H. E. Roscoe Lessons in Elem. Chem. 170 Calcium sulphate..is a very common impurity in spring water, giving rise to what is termed permanent hardness, as it cannot be removed by boiling.

1969 H. T. Evans tr. G. Hägg Gen. & Inorg. Chem. xxvi. 666 Carbonate precipitation on boiling causes the water to lose its carbonate hardness or temporary hardness while a permanent hardness remains.

permanent health insurance n. British Insurance a form of health insurance providing the insured person with an income in the event of illness or disability which results in a prolonged or permanent loss of earnings.

ΚΠ

1967 Times 11 July 22/2 Non-cancellable benefits, or permanent health insurance, are becoming increasingly important in the United Kingdom.

1998 V. Wallis Which? Guide to Insurance xi. 164 If you are self-employed, buying permanent health insurance comes a close second to life insurance if you could not work because of ill health or an accident and this left you with not enough to live on.

permanent ink n. a type of ink that cannot easily be erased or washed out, used esp. for marking or writing on textiles.

ΚΠ

c1785 To prevent Crimes is both Justice & Mercy (W. Naylor) (single sheet) (advt.) Permanent marking ink, to write on linen, cotton, and silk, &c. with a pen.]

1789 Times 9 Oct. 1/2 (advt.) India Permanent Ink..for writing on linen, cotton &c. with a common pen, warranted not to wash out, nor damage the cloth.

1840 R. H. Barham Jackdaw of Rheims in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 219 A Cardinal's Hat mark'd in permanent ink.

2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 2124/2 Individual snails were tagged with a small color-coded dot of permanent ink that then was sealed with cyanoacrylate glue.

permanent loan n. (a) a long-term financial loan without a fixed date for repayment; a sum of money lent for an indefinite period; (b) (in on permanent loan) a situation in which an object is in the possession of one party (often a museum, gallery, etc.) and remains in the ownership of another, but without expectation of its return.

ΚΠ

1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. xxii. 221 It is a rule with the bank of England to issue no notes upon mortgage, permanent loan, or personal security.

1889 Times 26 July 9/2 A letter..offering several portraits of the Imperial family of Russia..to be placed in the art gallery of the Corporation at Guildhall on permanent loan.

1949 P. H. Oehser Sons of Sci. iv. 22 A bill..providing that the original amount of the Smithson bequest be considered as a permanent loan to the United States at 6 per cent interest.

1992 N.Y. Times 19 July v. 29/2 A large piece of lunar rock, on permanent loan from NASA and displayed in the Ries Crater Museum.

permanent magnet n. a magnet which retains its magnetic properties in the absence of an inducing electric field or current.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [noun] > a magnet > permanent magnet

permanent magnet1782

1782 B. Franklin Let. 22 Sept. in Writings (1987) 1058 The globe being now become a permanent magnet, we are perhaps safe from any future change of its axis.

1828 F. Watkins Pop. Sketch Electro-magn. 12 If a steel needle be inserted in a coil and removed again immediately, it will become a permanent magnet.

1996 Nature 25 Apr. 79/1 Earnshaw's theorem..states that an object cannot be stably suspended in space by permanent magnets alone.

permanent magnetism n. magnetism which does not depend on the presence of an inducing electric field or current.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > continuing magnetism

permanent magnetism1782

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > types of magnetism > [noun] > other types

permanent magnetism1782

thermo-magnetism1828

diamagnetism1850

photomagnetism1864

piezomagnetism1901

pyromagnetism1901

biomagnetism1963

speromagnetism1973

1782 B. Franklin Let. 22 Sept. in Writings (1987) 1058 Perhaps it may be owing to the permanent magnetism of this globe..that its axis is at present kept parallel to itself.

1827 J. Cumming Man. Electro Dynamics 259 If it be possible to give permanent magnetism to steel by this species of electricity.

1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. xxxix. 658 Cobalt-steel magnets are such that the induced magnetism is generally small compared with the permanent magnetism.

permanent marker n. (more fully permanent marker pen) a marker pen with indelible ink.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > pen > felt-tip pen

marker1951

felt pen1957

marker pen1968

permanent marker1968

1968 Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 14 Feb. 14 (advt.) Zipper autograph album, 5 year diary with lock, 6 pc. permanent marker set.

1996 Amer. Antiq. 61 512 The test specimens were..numbered with black permanent marker, and were sprayed with a final coat of clear lacquer to protect the numbers.

2004 Sun (Nexis) 28 Jan. I assumed that he'd signed it with a permanent marker pen but, obviously, he hadn't.

permanent pasture n. Agriculture land left unploughed for a long period and used for growing grass; an area of such land; a field kept permanently as pasture.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture

leasowc950

leasea1000

pasturea1300

common pasturea1325

grassland1324

laund1340

lea1357

gang1413

feedingc1430

grassa1500

raika1500

beast-gate1507

pasturagec1515

grazing1517

average1537

pasture groundc1537

walk1549

grassing1557

pastural1575

browsing1577

feed1580

pastureland1591

meadow pasture1614

green side1616

range1626

pastorage1628

tore1707

graziery1731

pasturing1759

permanent pasture1771

sweet-veld1785

walk land1797

run1804

sweet-grass1812

potrero1822

pasturage land1855

turn-out1895

lawn1899

1771 A. Young Farmer's Tour E. Eng. III. 262 It [sc. a heath] is..left for permanent pasture, and annually improves.

1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 246 The proper grasses which constitute the produce of the richest permanent pastures and meadows.

1995 Farmers Weekly 31 Mar. 50/2 Most of the farm is down to permanent pasture or long-term ryegrass leys.

permanent rank n. Military a rank awarded by commission on a permanent basis, rather than for the duration of a particular assignment, function, office, etc.

ΚΠ

1780 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XV. 314 If either was reprehensible, those sudden promotions accompanied with permanent rank, were much more so, than where they were accompanied only with temporary rank.

1850 H. Melville White-jacket vi. 29 An American Commodore..is but a senior Captain... He has no permanent rank, recognized by Government, above his captaincy.

1998 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 62 835 Within the Army he also experienced difficulties,..and in 1925 reverted to his permanent rank of colonel.

permanent secretary n. chiefly British a senior civil servant who is a permanent adviser to a minister.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > civil service > [noun] > civil servant > specific grades of British

permanent secretary1785

abstracter1857

abstractor1859

permanent under-secretary1859

principal1867

second division1897

abstractor clerk1901

permsec1908

secretary1932

Perm.S.1942

under-secretary1959

1785 Earl of Sheffield Observ. Manuf. Ireland 357 A permanent secretary would give an influence and consistence to the appointment of every new viceroyalty.

1867 Ld. Derby & B. Disraeli Minute 10 May in Ld. Bridges Treasury (1964) 233 My Lords are of opinion that the office should now be given a more substantive character than that of Assistant Secretary and they are pleased to direct that its title shall be that of ‘Permanent Secretary to the Treasury’.

1900 Rules 25 Oct. under Money-Lenders Act vi The order shall be signed in quadruplicate by the permanent Secretary.

2003 Scotsman (Nexis) 26 June 8 All of those people from the Prime Minister down—Foreign Secretary, FCO (Foreign and Commonwealth Office) permanent secretary, the heads of all the agencies—deny a story.

permanent tint n. Hairdressing a long-lasting dye used to colour hair.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [noun] > colours

wash1670

permanent dye1815

blondine1888

hair lightener1892

washable distemper1894

reng1901

tint1921

blue rinse1924

rinse1928

permanent tint1960

powder colour1966

toner1966

1960 Times 2 Dec. 1/2 Grey hair vanishes completely with Inecto Rapid, world-famous permanent tint in marvellously natural colours.

1995 Hair Apr. 28/1 Longer lasting variants or tone-on-tone colour last for weeks and weeks, whilst a permanent tint, high or lowlights stay with you until the colour grows out.

permanent tissue n. Botany plant tissue that no longer divides, as opposed to meristem tissue.

ΚΠ

1872 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 162 313 This meristem action of the innermost bark ends in the production of two kinds of permanent tissue—an inner vascular one..and an outer cellular one.

1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) i. iii. 81 The fully differentiated cells of permanent tissues are almost always considerably larger than the cells of the meristem.

1973 New Phytologist 72 631 Far from showing either cambial activity or further differentiation to form a permanent tissue, the remainder of the cells..undergo..degeneration.

permanent tooth n. a tooth that replaces a milk tooth and lasts for most of a mammal's life; usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > types or spec. teeth > [noun] > permanent

permanent tooth1799

permanent set1853

1799 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 89 251 This division of the [horse's] tooth into two parts, is very distinct in the shedding teeth, but not in the second set or permanent teeth.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 28 The permanent teeth have separate sockets of their own; and..do not lie immediately under the corresponding shedding teeth.

1934 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 223 77 (caption) The first permanent tooth was erupted and functional.

1995 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 15 June e6/3 Some children are getting too much fluoride, resulting in a harmless mottling of permanent teeth.

permanent under-secretary n. chiefly British (a) a senior civil servant who is a permanent adviser to a Secretary of State; (b) a senior civil servant below the rank of permanent secretary, now usually the head of a division within a Department of State.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > minister in British government > assistant to minister

permanent under-secretary1859

parliamentary private secretary1917

PPS1936

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > civil service > [noun] > civil servant > specific grades of British

permanent secretary1785

abstracter1857

abstractor1859

permanent under-secretary1859

principal1867

second division1897

abstractor clerk1901

permsec1908

secretary1932

Perm.S.1942

under-secretary1959

1859 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 560/2 He..became..permanent Under-Secretary for the Colonies, and he continued in that position until 1847.

1904 Rep. War Office (Reconstruction) Comm. ii. 9 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 1932) VIII. 101 The Council should consist of seven members—four military and three civil—with the Permanent Under-Secretary as Secretary.

1995 Private Eye 25 Aug. 28/3 The FO agreed to send along its very top man, permanent under-secretary Sir John Coles KCMG.

permanent white n. a paint or tint of intense white which does not discolour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint

white leadlOE

whitea1300

blank plumbc1325

cerusec1405

white earth1448

Spanish white1546

litharge1551

mineral white1651

flake-white1660

Vienna white1816

permanent white1822

zinc white1847

constant white1854

Krems1854

Cremnitz1874

silver-white1875

lithoponea1884

baryta white1885

Charlton white1885

titanium white1920

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 90 Barytes is used as a white paint, under the name of permanent white.

1860 C. M. Yonge Hopes & Fears I. i. iv. 108 The front was all over scaffolds and cement, in all stages of colour, from rich brown to permanent white.

1979 C. Hayes Compl. Guide Painting & Drawing Techniques iii. 51 (caption) Titanium white, also (rightly called) permanent white.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	permanent
释义	permanentadj.n. Brit. /ˈpəːmənənt/, /ˈpəːmn̩ənt/, U.S. /ˈpərm(ə)nənt/ Forms: late Middle English permanente, late Middle English– permanent; Scottish pre-1700 parmanent, pre-1700 1700s– permanent. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French permanent; Latin permanent-, permanēns. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French permanent (1370–2; compare earlier Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French permanant (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as permegnant ; also in Anglo-Norman and Old French as parmanant , permenant , etc.)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin permanent-, permanēns stable, enduring, in post-classical Latin also (of a person) constant (5th cent.), use as adjective of present participle of permanēre to go on staying, remain, continue, persist, survive < per- per- prefix + manēre to stay (see remain v.). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin permanens (masculine) person who is constant (c400), (neuter) enduring or lasting thing (6th cent.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan permanent (1279 or earlier), Catalan permanent (c1400), Spanish permanente, †permanent (both early 15th cent. or earlier), Italian permanente (a1292).With sense B. 4 compare perm n.¹ and also French permanente (1931). A. adj. 1. a. Continuing or designed to continue or last indefinitely without change; abiding, enduring, lasting; persistent. Opposed to temporary. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring longeOE longsomeeOE long of lifeOE lastinga1225 cleaving1340 continualc1340 dwellingc1380 long-livinga1382 everlastingc1384 long-duringa1387 long-lasting?a1400 long-liveda1400 broadc1400 permanable?c1422 perseverant?a1425 permanentc1425 perdurable?a1439 continuedc1440 abiding1448 unremoved1455 eternalc1460 long-continued1464 continuing1526 long-enduring1527 enduring1532 immortal1538 diuturn?1541 veterated1547 resiant?1567 stayinga1568 well-wearinga1568 substantive1575 pertinacious1578 extant1581 ceaseless1590 marble1596 of length1597 longeval1598 diuturnal1599 nine-lived1600 chronic1601 unexhausted1602 chronical1604 endurable1607 continuant1610 indeflourishing1610 aged1611 indurant1611 continuatea1616 perennious1628 seculara1631 undiscontinueda1631 continuated1632 untransitory1632 long-spun1633 momently1641 stative1643 outliving1645 constant1653 long-descended1660 voluminousa1661 perduring1664 perdurant1671 livelong1673 perennial1676 longeve1678 consequential1681 unquenched1703 lifelong1746 momentary1755 inveterate1780 stabile1797 persistent1826 unpassing1831 all-time1846 year-long1846 teak-built1847 lengthful1855 long-term1867 long haul1873 sticky1879 week-to-week1879 perenduring1883 long-range1885 longish1889 long-time1902 long run1904 long-life1915 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 32 (MED) A bilynge certeynly styddefastly here permanent, vnspottid shall be translatid yn-to the kyngdome euerlastynge. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde Prol. 1 Wordes ben perisshyng vayne & forgeteful, And writynges duelle & abide permanent. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Eiii We haue no dwellyng place ne citie here permanent. 1589 J. Penry Th'appellation 17 The boldnes of our Bishops..in demanding why Pastors, Doctors, Elders and deacons, should be permanent: seeing Apostles, Prophets and Euangelists were but temporarie. 1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 80 A stable and permanent knowledge. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. v. 206 Wherein the parts of that complex Idea have a setled and permanent Union. 1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous ii. 79 These Creatures of the Fancy are not altogether so distinct, so strong, vivid, and permanent. a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) iii. iii. 286 Human institutions perish, but nature is permanent. 1832 H. Martineau Demerara ii. 25 There was a permanent population of 300 slaves on the estate at that time. 1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) i. iii. 117 In permanent barracks a man is allowed 600 cubic feet [of air]. 1895 T. Hardy Jude i. xi. 81 Having based a permanent contract on a temporary feeling which had no necessary connection. 1927 V. Woolf To Lighthouse iii. iii. 241 Mrs. Ramsay making of the moment something permanent (as in another sphere Lily herself tried). 1976 A. Eden Another World iii. 40 It all seemed so permanent; the same family had been established at this same site for four centuries. 1992 Sew News Dec. 34/2 To speed up the overlay process, use a permanent fabric glue instead of hand basting. †b. Fixed, motionless. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [adjective] > remaining in one place stablea1400 dormantc1440 standing1469 remanent?a1475 ledger1547 fixed1559 restiff1578 statary1581 permanent1588 consistent1604 stationary1631 fundamental1633 resident1653 sedentary1667 statual1752 loco-restive1796 untransmigrated1821 stabile1896 static1910 sessile1917 1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. E4^v Richesse is..as brittle as Glasse, standing vpon a Globe that is neuer permanent. 1595 M. Drayton Endimion & Phoebe sig. E3 The Center permanent dooth stay, When as the skies in their diurnall sway, Strongly maintaine the euer-turning course. †c. Botany. = persistent adj. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [adjective] > permanent or discarded shedc1430 deciduous1657 marcescent1727 fugacious1750 permanent1776 shrivelling1776 persisting1777 persistent1785 sphacelate1785 shedding1796 sphacelated1806 caducous1808 restant1828 fugitive1830 horarious1866 1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. All Vegetables x. 254 Cup cylindrical; tubular; scored; permanent; with five teeth at the mouth. 1787 T. Martyn tr. J. J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. (ed. 2) v. 52 These [styles] are permanent, or continue after the petals and stamens fall off. 1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. Families of Plants I. 63 The leaflets longer than the floret, loose, permanent. 1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. iv. 402 Permanent (perennans); not different from persistent: it is generally applied to leaves. †2. Of a person: resolute, steadfast, constant (in a virtue). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective] fasteOE stathelfasteOE anredOE hardOE starkOE trueOE steadfast993 fastredeOE stithc1000 findyOE stablea1275 stathelyc1275 stiffc1275 stablec1290 steel to the (very) backa1300 unbowinga1300 stably13.. firm1377 unmovablea1382 constantc1386 abidingc1400 toughc1400 sure1421 unmoblea1425 unfaintedc1425 unfaint1436 permanent?a1475 stalwartc1480 unbroken1513 immovable1534 inconcuss1542 unshaken1548 stout1569 unwavering1570 undiscourageable1571 fixed1574 discourageable1576 unappalled1578 resolute1579 unremoved1583 resolved1585 unflexiblea1586 unshakeda1586 square1589 unstooping1597 iron1598 rocky1601 steady1602 undeclinable1610 unboweda1616 unfainting1615 unswayed1615 staunch1624 undiscourageda1628 staid1631 unshook1633 blue?1636 true blue?1636 tenacious1640 uncomplying1643 yieldless1651 riveting1658 unshakened1659 inconquerable1660 unyielding1677 unbendinga1688 tight1690 unswerving1694 unfaltering1727 unsubmitting1730 undeviating1732 undrooping1736 impervertible1741 undamped1742 undyingc1765 sturdy1775 stiff as a poker1798 unfickle1802 indivertible1821 thick and thin1822 undisheartened1827 inconvertible1829 straightforward1829 indomitable1830 stickfast1831 unsuccumbing1833 unturnable1847 unswerved1849 undivertible1856 unforsaking1862 swerveless1863 steeve1870 rock-ribbed1884 stiff in the back1897 the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [adjective] stablea1300 durablec1386 during1398 durant1455 permanent?a1475 standingc1480 perseverablea1500 indelible1532 of long standinga1568 permansible1568 long-established1589 dureful1595 subsistent1603 subsisting1613 staple1621 constant1645 long-standing1655 throughout1701 untemporary1784 pukka1801 rock-ribbed1903 hardwired1971 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 349 (MED) The sonnes and doȝhters of the seide Nicholas were permanente [L. permanserint] in chastite alle the tyme of theire life. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxiii^v All the tounes..wer permanent and stiffe on the parte of kyng Henry. a1598 A. Montgomerie Poems (1910) xvii. 96 Fairweill, my Love and Lady cleir; Be permanent, I pray ȝou. 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania iii. 337 Sweete be a louer puer, and permanent. B. n. 1. That which endures or persists; the permanent part of something; a permanent person or thing. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [noun] > permanent thing or person perpetuity?1406 perseveranta1500 continuer1548 remainer1565 standard1639 holder-out1645 constancy1710 permanent1747 permanency1794 1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xxviii. 180 These men, my dear, with all their flatteries, look forward to the permanent. Indeed, it is fit they should. 1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 26 Sharp distinctions of the fluctuating and the permanent. 1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith vi. §6. 413 This spiritual life is the permanent of humanity. 1891 H. Jones Browning as Teacher 229 If man be..a permanent that always changes from earliest childhood to old age. 1899 A. Austin in Daily News 16 Nov. 4/5 The confounding of the Passing with the Permanent. 1900 W. James Let. 10 June in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) I. 647 Once as streams of individual thinking, once as physical permanents, without the immediately real ever having been either of these dirempted things. 1920 A. Huxley Limbo 261 It is our cheap press. The ephemeral overwhelms the permanent, the classical. 1997 New Statesman 18 July 42 The temporary is permanent and the permanent is temporary. 2. A kind of light cotton cloth with a permanent dye. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > coloured, patterned, or printed > specific pintadoa1575 Salempore1598 chintz1614 nankeenc1700 caffa1701 jamwar1721 nankinett1794 purdah1813 zephyr1819 nankeening1830 calico1841 permanent1854 galatea1874 Madras gingham1880 Turkey red1880 Madras1897 shadow cretonne1932 shadow stripe1932 1854 Househ. Words 6 May 270/1 Then, of dyed goods, came Silesias, Casbans, constitutions, and permanents. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 389/1 Permanents. These are cotton cloths, of a light description, similar in texture to Turkey Cambrics; some of them have a slight glaze. They are dyed in a variety of colours, and are much employed for the trimming of dresses. 1915 L. Harmuth Dict. Textiles 119/1 Permanents, in England, a light cotton cloth, used for trimming; it is dyed in various colors and is often finished with a gloss. 3. A permanent employee. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > employee employé1811 workhand1821 employe1835 employee1850 employée1862 permanent1863 staff1931 perm1945 staffer1950 hire1954 1863 J. H. Speke Jrnl. Discov. Source Nile vi. 135 The greatest [grievance]..was, that I always paid the Wanyamûézi ‘temporaries’ more than they got, though ‘permanents’. 1922 H. Jenkins John Dene of Toronto iv. 75 Thirty-five shillings a week and, if I become a permanent, a pension when I'm too old to enjoy it. 1930 A. P. Herbert Water Gipsies xix. 274 It was not so natural, perhaps, for her to offer herself as a ‘permanent’; for Ernest..would be against her returning to..domestic service. 2002 Chicago Tribune 15 Sept. v. 5/2 The permanents got stock options and benefits, and the temps didn't. 4. = perm n.¹ ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > [noun] > curling or frizzing > act of cold wave1876 permanent wave1906 wave1925 permanent1926 perm1927 the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > curled or frizzed style frizz1668 bullhead1672 bull1699 buckle1711 frizzle1850 cataract curls1864 Niagara1864 water wave1876 marcel wave1895 permanent wave1906 Greek goda1910 marcel1921 finger wave1925 permanent1926 perm1927 home perm1949 Afro1967 natural1967 Jewfro1976 Jheri curl1977 bubble perm1992 1926 Hairdressing 10 Sept. 241/1 This can only be done by superior work; namely, excellent setting of the finished permanent. 1932 New Yorker 4 June 64/3 (advt.) A deep-wave marcel permanent styled for you alone in the modern manner. 1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) v. 117 Is there anything wrong with Yvette's beauty parlour..? I'm going there this afternoon—for a permanent. I hope it lasts a week. 1974 New Yorker 3 June 90/2 It is not uncommon for a woman to be receiving a permanent in one barber chair while a man is shaved in the other. 1990 K. Lawrence Springs Living Water ii. 29 They visited faithfully on weekends, bearing tokens of their New Lives: cakes made up from mixes, frizzy permanents, bottle-fed babies. 5. Mathematics. The sum of the elements of a matrix taken without regard to sign (in contrast to a determinant). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] combination1684 permanent1939 1939 A. C. Aitken Determinants & Matrices ii. 30 The corresponding sum with terms all positive is called the permanent of A; its properties are neither so simple nor so rich in application as those of determinants, but it has an importance in the theory of symmetric functions and in abstract algebra. 1988 D. Welsh Codes & Cryptogr. ix. 136 On the surface, the permanent is a much simpler function of A than the determinant. 1998 Amer. Math. Monthly 105 772 The permanent of an n-by-n nonnegative matrix is 0 if and only if the matrix contains a k by n + 1 − k submatrix of zeros, for some k. Compounds permanent air n. now historical a gas which cannot be readily liquefied, as contrasted with a vapour, which can; cf. permanent gas n. ΚΠ 1665 R. Boyle New Exper. & Observ. Cold ii. ix. 255 We should also be obliged to enquire, whether or no Air, I mean true and permanent Air, can be generated anew, as well out of common water, as many other liquors. 1718 I. Newton Opticks (ed. 2) iii. i. 372 The particles of permanent Air are grosser, and arise from denser Substances than those of Vapours. 1980 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 70 13/2 To put this question in the terms commonly employed in the eighteenth century, is there a real difference between true permanent air and vapors? 2000 M. Crosland in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere Instruments & Exper. Hist. Chem. iv. 83 When Boyle spoke of ‘true air’, he..meant permanent air, air that did not condense on standing because it was really, for example, water vapour. permanent alimony n. alimony granted for life to a person who obtains a legal separation from his or her spouse. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > alimony alimony1622 permanent alimony1820 1820 Times 30 Nov. 3/6 He settled the permanent alimony at 55l., being only 5l. a year more than his former decree. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 671/1 Permanent alimony is generally more than when pendente lite, and usually one-third the husband's income. 2001 Business Week (Nexis) 18 June 160 A high-earning female executive..was responsible under state law to pay permanent alimony to her husband when their 15-year marriage ended. permanent blue n. (the colour of) artificial ultramarine. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific azurec1374 lapis lazulia1425 litmusc1503 verditer1505 florey1527 bice1548 smalt1558 smalts1591 smalt1598 ultramarine1598 litmus blue1612 verditer1665 ultramarine blue (or colour)1686 blue sublimate1700 Prussian blue1724 terre bleue1728 starch blue1742 king's blue1778 verditel1778 Antwerp brown1787 Berlin blue1794 lacmus1794 Antwerp blue1795 French blue1802 lapis1811 Waterloo blue1815 Waterloo1823 cobalt1835 Thénard's blue1837 iron blue1839 turnsole1839 permanent blue1863 opal blue1880 Haarlem blue1885 cyanine blue1886 cerulean blue1889 Victoria blue1890 Milori blue1899 Prussian1911 Windsor blue1912 gentianine1927 Monastral1936 Alcian Blue1947 1855 Godey's Lady's Bk. Aug. 176/2 If a piece of white calico be dipped into this solution for a few minutes, it will be dyed green; and by exposure to the atmosphere only for a few seconds, this will be converted to a permanent blue.] 1863 L. B. Urbino Art Recreations 90 Distant mountains, permanent blue, Naples yellow, and Venetian red. Nearer ones, use yellow ocher instead of Naples yellow. 1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 252/3 Artists Tube Oil Colors... Permanent Blue. 1984 Artist Sept. 32/2 Sky blue, permanent blue, and Antwerp blue are mixed, or poorer quality varieties of these blues. permanent dye n. a dye which retains its colour for a long time, and will not quickly wash out or fade; cf. fast adj. 1d. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [noun] > colours wash1670 permanent dye1815 blondine1888 hair lightener1892 washable distemper1894 reng1901 tint1921 blue rinse1924 rinse1928 permanent tint1960 powder colour1966 toner1966 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 527 Dyes..which require no mordant, are called permanent or great dyes. 1832 Abstr. Papers Royal Soc. 1800–14 1 418 The next object..was to find such combinations of the colouring matter as would be insoluble, and might therefore afford a permanent dye. 1973 Times 30 June 7/1 The only thing he could not find was a supply of good permanent dye... All he had been able to find to darken his skin was a mixture of oil and lamp-black. 2003 Independent (Nexis) 19 Mar. 11 The concerns centre mostly on permanent dyes, including oxidative hair products. permanent five n. = permanent five members n. ΚΠ 1964 Times 16 Nov. 11/3 Because of the deadlock for fifteen years over the representation of China little has been heard of the part which the permanent five and the Security Council could take in ensuring disarmament. 2003 Foreign Affairs May–June 33 Granting a de jure veto to the permanent five was, of course, the [UN] charter's intended antidote to unbridled egalitarianism. permanent five members n. the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the U.K., and the U.S.), who have the power of veto. ΚΠ 1952 Independent Jrnl. (San Rafael, Calif.) 3 Jan. 15/5 The U.N. sanction was illegal because the U.N. Charter specifically calls for unanimous agreement among the permanent five members of the Security Council before sanctions can be taken against any nation. 1990 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 84 1459/2 The tendency for the permanent five members to retreat from responsibility is marked. permanent gas n. a gas which can be liquefied only at very low temperatures (such as oxygen, hydrogen, or air), and was formerly believed to be incapable of liquefaction (cf. permanent air n., permanently elastic adj. at permanently adv. Compounds); spec. a gas that is above its critical point, and so is impossible to liquefy by pressure alone. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > types permanent gas1800 carrier gas1887 flue-gas1898 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) at Air The difference between permanent and transient Air amounts to the same as that between vapour and exhalation.] 1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 202 A permanent gas is produced, which is evidently a mixture of oxygenous and hydrogenous gases. 1866 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics (ed. 2) vi. v. 258 It is natural to suppose that what are ordinarily termed permanent gases are really unsaturated vapours. 1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat x. 223 These facts favour the view that there is no essential difference between the permanent gases and those which have been liquefied. 1997 Nature 2 Jan. 14/2 Other astonishing discoveries that year [sc. 1847] included Henri Victor Regnault's revelation that not even the permanent gases satisfy perfectly the law of perfect gases. permanent hardness n. hardness of water that cannot be removed by boiling. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > water > [noun] > hardness or softness of hardness1712 softness1712 permanent hardness1870 temporary hardness1895 1870 H. E. Roscoe Lessons in Elem. Chem. 170 Calcium sulphate..is a very common impurity in spring water, giving rise to what is termed permanent hardness, as it cannot be removed by boiling. 1969 H. T. Evans tr. G. Hägg Gen. & Inorg. Chem. xxvi. 666 Carbonate precipitation on boiling causes the water to lose its carbonate hardness or temporary hardness while a permanent hardness remains. permanent health insurance n. British Insurance a form of health insurance providing the insured person with an income in the event of illness or disability which results in a prolonged or permanent loss of earnings. ΚΠ 1967 Times 11 July 22/2 Non-cancellable benefits, or permanent health insurance, are becoming increasingly important in the United Kingdom. 1998 V. Wallis Which? Guide to Insurance xi. 164 If you are self-employed, buying permanent health insurance comes a close second to life insurance if you could not work because of ill health or an accident and this left you with not enough to live on. permanent ink n. a type of ink that cannot easily be erased or washed out, used esp. for marking or writing on textiles. ΚΠ c1785 To prevent Crimes is both Justice & Mercy (W. Naylor) (single sheet) (advt.) Permanent marking ink, to write on linen, cotton, and silk, &c. with a pen.] 1789 Times 9 Oct. 1/2 (advt.) India Permanent Ink..for writing on linen, cotton &c. with a common pen, warranted not to wash out, nor damage the cloth. 1840 R. H. Barham Jackdaw of Rheims in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 219 A Cardinal's Hat mark'd in permanent ink. 2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 2124/2 Individual snails were tagged with a small color-coded dot of permanent ink that then was sealed with cyanoacrylate glue. permanent loan n. (a) a long-term financial loan without a fixed date for repayment; a sum of money lent for an indefinite period; (b) (in on permanent loan) a situation in which an object is in the possession of one party (often a museum, gallery, etc.) and remains in the ownership of another, but without expectation of its return. ΚΠ 1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. xxii. 221 It is a rule with the bank of England to issue no notes upon mortgage, permanent loan, or personal security. 1889 Times 26 July 9/2 A letter..offering several portraits of the Imperial family of Russia..to be placed in the art gallery of the Corporation at Guildhall on permanent loan. 1949 P. H. Oehser Sons of Sci. iv. 22 A bill..providing that the original amount of the Smithson bequest be considered as a permanent loan to the United States at 6 per cent interest. 1992 N.Y. Times 19 July v. 29/2 A large piece of lunar rock, on permanent loan from NASA and displayed in the Ries Crater Museum. permanent magnet n. a magnet which retains its magnetic properties in the absence of an inducing electric field or current. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [noun] > a magnet > permanent magnet permanent magnet1782 1782 B. Franklin Let. 22 Sept. in Writings (1987) 1058 The globe being now become a permanent magnet, we are perhaps safe from any future change of its axis. 1828 F. Watkins Pop. Sketch Electro-magn. 12 If a steel needle be inserted in a coil and removed again immediately, it will become a permanent magnet. 1996 Nature 25 Apr. 79/1 Earnshaw's theorem..states that an object cannot be stably suspended in space by permanent magnets alone. permanent magnetism n. magnetism which does not depend on the presence of an inducing electric field or current. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > continuing magnetism permanent magnetism1782 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > types of magnetism > [noun] > other types permanent magnetism1782 thermo-magnetism1828 diamagnetism1850 photomagnetism1864 piezomagnetism1901 pyromagnetism1901 biomagnetism1963 speromagnetism1973 1782 B. Franklin Let. 22 Sept. in Writings (1987) 1058 Perhaps it may be owing to the permanent magnetism of this globe..that its axis is at present kept parallel to itself. 1827 J. Cumming Man. Electro Dynamics 259 If it be possible to give permanent magnetism to steel by this species of electricity. 1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. xxxix. 658 Cobalt-steel magnets are such that the induced magnetism is generally small compared with the permanent magnetism. permanent marker n. (more fully permanent marker pen) a marker pen with indelible ink. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > pen > felt-tip pen marker1951 felt pen1957 marker pen1968 permanent marker1968 1968 Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 14 Feb. 14 (advt.) Zipper autograph album, 5 year diary with lock, 6 pc. permanent marker set. 1996 Amer. Antiq. 61 512 The test specimens were..numbered with black permanent marker, and were sprayed with a final coat of clear lacquer to protect the numbers. 2004 Sun (Nexis) 28 Jan. I assumed that he'd signed it with a permanent marker pen but, obviously, he hadn't. permanent pasture n. Agriculture land left unploughed for a long period and used for growing grass; an area of such land; a field kept permanently as pasture. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture leasowc950 leasea1000 pasturea1300 common pasturea1325 grassland1324 laund1340 lea1357 gang1413 feedingc1430 grassa1500 raika1500 beast-gate1507 pasturagec1515 grazing1517 average1537 pasture groundc1537 walk1549 grassing1557 pastural1575 browsing1577 feed1580 pastureland1591 meadow pasture1614 green side1616 range1626 pastorage1628 tore1707 graziery1731 pasturing1759 permanent pasture1771 sweet-veld1785 walk land1797 run1804 sweet-grass1812 potrero1822 pasturage land1855 turn-out1895 lawn1899 1771 A. Young Farmer's Tour E. Eng. III. 262 It [sc. a heath] is..left for permanent pasture, and annually improves. 1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 246 The proper grasses which constitute the produce of the richest permanent pastures and meadows. 1995 Farmers Weekly 31 Mar. 50/2 Most of the farm is down to permanent pasture or long-term ryegrass leys. permanent rank n. Military a rank awarded by commission on a permanent basis, rather than for the duration of a particular assignment, function, office, etc. ΚΠ 1780 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XV. 314 If either was reprehensible, those sudden promotions accompanied with permanent rank, were much more so, than where they were accompanied only with temporary rank. 1850 H. Melville White-jacket vi. 29 An American Commodore..is but a senior Captain... He has no permanent rank, recognized by Government, above his captaincy. 1998 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 62 835 Within the Army he also experienced difficulties,..and in 1925 reverted to his permanent rank of colonel. permanent secretary n. chiefly British a senior civil servant who is a permanent adviser to a minister. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > civil service > [noun] > civil servant > specific grades of British permanent secretary1785 abstracter1857 abstractor1859 permanent under-secretary1859 principal1867 second division1897 abstractor clerk1901 permsec1908 secretary1932 Perm.S.1942 under-secretary1959 1785 Earl of Sheffield Observ. Manuf. Ireland 357 A permanent secretary would give an influence and consistence to the appointment of every new viceroyalty. 1867 Ld. Derby & B. Disraeli Minute 10 May in Ld. Bridges Treasury (1964) 233 My Lords are of opinion that the office should now be given a more substantive character than that of Assistant Secretary and they are pleased to direct that its title shall be that of ‘Permanent Secretary to the Treasury’. 1900 Rules 25 Oct. under Money-Lenders Act vi The order shall be signed in quadruplicate by the permanent Secretary. 2003 Scotsman (Nexis) 26 June 8 All of those people from the Prime Minister down—Foreign Secretary, FCO (Foreign and Commonwealth Office) permanent secretary, the heads of all the agencies—deny a story. permanent tint n. Hairdressing a long-lasting dye used to colour hair. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [noun] > colours wash1670 permanent dye1815 blondine1888 hair lightener1892 washable distemper1894 reng1901 tint1921 blue rinse1924 rinse1928 permanent tint1960 powder colour1966 toner1966 1960 Times 2 Dec. 1/2 Grey hair vanishes completely with Inecto Rapid, world-famous permanent tint in marvellously natural colours. 1995 Hair Apr. 28/1 Longer lasting variants or tone-on-tone colour last for weeks and weeks, whilst a permanent tint, high or lowlights stay with you until the colour grows out. permanent tissue n. Botany plant tissue that no longer divides, as opposed to meristem tissue. ΚΠ 1872 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 162 313 This meristem action of the innermost bark ends in the production of two kinds of permanent tissue—an inner vascular one..and an outer cellular one. 1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) i. iii. 81 The fully differentiated cells of permanent tissues are almost always considerably larger than the cells of the meristem. 1973 New Phytologist 72 631 Far from showing either cambial activity or further differentiation to form a permanent tissue, the remainder of the cells..undergo..degeneration. permanent tooth n. a tooth that replaces a milk tooth and lasts for most of a mammal's life; usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > types or spec. teeth > [noun] > permanent permanent tooth1799 permanent set1853 1799 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 89 251 This division of the [horse's] tooth into two parts, is very distinct in the shedding teeth, but not in the second set or permanent teeth. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 28 The permanent teeth have separate sockets of their own; and..do not lie immediately under the corresponding shedding teeth. 1934 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 223 77 (caption) The first permanent tooth was erupted and functional. 1995 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 15 June e6/3 Some children are getting too much fluoride, resulting in a harmless mottling of permanent teeth. permanent under-secretary n. chiefly British (a) a senior civil servant who is a permanent adviser to a Secretary of State; (b) a senior civil servant below the rank of permanent secretary, now usually the head of a division within a Department of State. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > minister in British government > assistant to minister permanent under-secretary1859 parliamentary private secretary1917 PPS1936 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > civil service > [noun] > civil servant > specific grades of British permanent secretary1785 abstracter1857 abstractor1859 permanent under-secretary1859 principal1867 second division1897 abstractor clerk1901 permsec1908 secretary1932 Perm.S.1942 under-secretary1959 1859 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 560/2 He..became..permanent Under-Secretary for the Colonies, and he continued in that position until 1847. 1904 Rep. War Office (Reconstruction) Comm. ii. 9 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 1932) VIII. 101 The Council should consist of seven members—four military and three civil—with the Permanent Under-Secretary as Secretary. 1995 Private Eye 25 Aug. 28/3 The FO agreed to send along its very top man, permanent under-secretary Sir John Coles KCMG. permanent white n. a paint or tint of intense white which does not discolour. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint white leadlOE whitea1300 blank plumbc1325 cerusec1405 white earth1448 Spanish white1546 litharge1551 mineral white1651 flake-white1660 Vienna white1816 permanent white1822 zinc white1847 constant white1854 Krems1854 Cremnitz1874 silver-white1875 lithoponea1884 baryta white1885 Charlton white1885 titanium white1920 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 90 Barytes is used as a white paint, under the name of permanent white. 1860 C. M. Yonge Hopes & Fears I. i. iv. 108 The front was all over scaffolds and cement, in all stages of colour, from rich brown to permanent white. 1979 C. Hayes Compl. Guide Painting & Drawing Techniques iii. 51 (caption) Titanium white, also (rightly called) permanent white. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). permanentv. Brit. /ˈpəːmənənt/, /ˈpəːmn̩ənt/, U.S. /ˈpərm(ə)nənt/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: permanent n. Etymology: < permanent n. Compare slightly earlier permanent wave v. and slightly later perm v.¹ U.S. Hairdressing. transitive. = perm v.¹ ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > curl crispc1340 crook1340 pincha1398 curl1447 frouncea1529 creis1553 frizzle1565 thrum1598 becurl1614 calamistrate1628 frizz1660 fruz1702 crimp1708 buckle1721 befriz1772 crape1774 crêpe1818 crinkle1871 permanently wave1901 marcel1906 water-wave1912 permanent wave1921 permanent1924 perm1928 tong1932 scrunch1983 1924 Harper's Mag. Dec. 39/2 All the dreams..revisited her in flashing procession: having her hair ‘permanented’, going to Atlantic City, buying a fur coat. 1959 S. Plath Jrnls. (2000) 465 I made an appointment to cut and permanent my hair yesterday. 1988 S. Quinn Mind of her Own xiv. 307 Her gray-white hair is permanented. Derivatives ˈpermanented adj. ΚΠ 1939 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 20 Oct. 20 Restore the life and loveliness to your newly permanented hair as quickly as possible. 1992 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 51 824 Their flashy clothes and close-cropped or permanented hair. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1425v.1924
随便看	turn and turn turn and turn about turn and wind turn and wind oneself turn any one's battery against himself turn around turnspit dog turnspit terrier turnspit-boy turnspit-jack turnspitboy turnspitjack turnspits turnstair turnstick turnstile turnstiles turnstitch turnstone turnstones turnstool turntable turntable ladder turntable stack turntables

permanentadj.n.

Compounds

permanentv.

Derivatives