permafrostn.

Brit.

/ˈpəːməfrɒst/, U.S.

/ˈpərməˌfrɔst/,

/ˈpərməˌfrɑst/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: perma- comb. form, frost n.

Etymology: < perma- comb. form + frost n.It has been suggested that the term is after Russian večnaja merzlota , literally ‘perpetual frozenness’; however, quot. 1943 at main sense explicitly rejects a similar phrasal model (‘permanently frozen ground’) in favour of compounding using existing elements in English. The phenomenon was first observed in Russia in the 17th cent.; in the 19th cent. the Russian academic K. M. von Baer proposed that in English the term ground ice (see ground-ice n.) should be used. Compare the following:1838 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 8 210 (title) On the ground ice or frozen soil of Siberia.1838 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 8 403 All these modifications may be comprehended under the term of ground ice, which has also the advantage of allowing of the expression ‘perpetual or permanent ground ice’... It seems to me very important..to ascertain the thickness of perpetually frozen ground. The term permanent frost , which could have served as a model for the formation of permafrost , was used in a title translated from Russian in the following:1916 Geogr. Jrnl. 39 186 On permanent frost and the forms of perennial snow and ice in the Amur Province. By B. Polinof. With permafrosted adj. at Derivatives compare Russian večnomërzlyj.

Soil, subsoil, or other surface or subsurface material that is at a temperature of less than 0°C throughout the year, as in Arctic regions; permanently frozen ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > subsoil > frozen subsoil

tjaele1924

permafrost1943

pergelisol1946

1943 S. W. Muller Permafrost 3 The expression ‘permanently frozen ground’..is too long and cumbersome and for this reason a shorter term ‘permafrost’ is proposed as an alternative.

1952 Sci. News Let. 2 Aug. 70/3 Currently it is studying permafrost, permanently frozen ground that creates many problems in construction work.

1955 R. T. Peterson & J. Fisher Wild Amer. (1956) xxxiii. 357 Here on the tundra the permafrost forbids any digging and the Eskimos bury their dead above the ground.

1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 838/1 Many other engineering problems result from changes in the mechanical properties of permafrost caused by thawing or freezing of its moisture beneath such structures as roadways or heated buildings.

1974 T. P. Whitney tr. A. Solzhenitsyn Gulag Archipel. I. i. ii. 24 This wave poured forth, sank down into the permafrost, and even our most active minds recall hardly a thing about it.

1983 C. Thubron Among Russians (1985) i. 6 Memories like these still haunt the earth of Minsk like a ghostly permafrost.

1992 B. Bova Mars 74 As usual, the drill bit into the ground easily for the first meter or so, then hit resistance. Permafrost, thought Jamie.

Derivatives

ˈpermafrosted adj. affected by or covered with permafrost.

ΚΠ

1946 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 244 635 It is impossible to make a verb or a verbal noun from ‘permafrost’ as ‘permafrosting’ and ‘permafrosted’ imply that a permanent surface or coating has been applied.

1988 P. Wayburn Adventuring in Alaska (rev. ed.) iv. 333 Now the permafrosted land holds intact the leaves and twigs of plants that grew those thousands of years ago.

2006 A. Davies Goodbye Lemon i. 47 Footsteps click..and then there she is, my permafrosted mother.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	permafrost
释义	permafrostn. Brit. /ˈpəːməfrɒst/, U.S. /ˈpərməˌfrɔst/, /ˈpərməˌfrɑst/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: perma- comb. form, frost n. Etymology: < perma- comb. form + frost n.It has been suggested that the term is after Russian večnaja merzlota , literally ‘perpetual frozenness’; however, quot. 1943 at main sense explicitly rejects a similar phrasal model (‘permanently frozen ground’) in favour of compounding using existing elements in English. The phenomenon was first observed in Russia in the 17th cent.; in the 19th cent. the Russian academic K. M. von Baer proposed that in English the term ground ice (see ground-ice n.) should be used. Compare the following:1838 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 8 210 (title) On the ground ice or frozen soil of Siberia.1838 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 8 403 All these modifications may be comprehended under the term of ground ice, which has also the advantage of allowing of the expression ‘perpetual or permanent ground ice’... It seems to me very important..to ascertain the thickness of perpetually frozen ground. The term permanent frost , which could have served as a model for the formation of permafrost , was used in a title translated from Russian in the following:1916 Geogr. Jrnl. 39 186 On permanent frost and the forms of perennial snow and ice in the Amur Province. By B. Polinof. With permafrosted adj. at Derivatives compare Russian večnomërzlyj. Soil, subsoil, or other surface or subsurface material that is at a temperature of less than 0°C throughout the year, as in Arctic regions; permanently frozen ground. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > subsoil > frozen subsoil tjaele1924 permafrost1943 pergelisol1946 1943 S. W. Muller Permafrost 3 The expression ‘permanently frozen ground’..is too long and cumbersome and for this reason a shorter term ‘permafrost’ is proposed as an alternative. 1952 Sci. News Let. 2 Aug. 70/3 Currently it is studying permafrost, permanently frozen ground that creates many problems in construction work. 1955 R. T. Peterson & J. Fisher Wild Amer. (1956) xxxiii. 357 Here on the tundra the permafrost forbids any digging and the Eskimos bury their dead above the ground. 1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 838/1 Many other engineering problems result from changes in the mechanical properties of permafrost caused by thawing or freezing of its moisture beneath such structures as roadways or heated buildings. 1974 T. P. Whitney tr. A. Solzhenitsyn Gulag Archipel. I. i. ii. 24 This wave poured forth, sank down into the permafrost, and even our most active minds recall hardly a thing about it. 1983 C. Thubron Among Russians (1985) i. 6 Memories like these still haunt the earth of Minsk like a ghostly permafrost. 1992 B. Bova Mars 74 As usual, the drill bit into the ground easily for the first meter or so, then hit resistance. Permafrost, thought Jamie. Derivatives ˈpermafrosted adj. affected by or covered with permafrost. ΚΠ 1946 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 244 635 It is impossible to make a verb or a verbal noun from ‘permafrost’ as ‘permafrosting’ and ‘permafrosted’ imply that a permanent surface or coating has been applied. 1988 P. Wayburn Adventuring in Alaska (rev. ed.) iv. 333 Now the permafrosted land holds intact the leaves and twigs of plants that grew those thousands of years ago. 2006 A. Davies Goodbye Lemon i. 47 Footsteps click..and then there she is, my permafrosted mother. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1943
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