Perkinn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpəːkɪn/, U.S.

/ˈpərkən/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Perkin.

Etymology: < the name of Perkin Warbeck (see Perkin Warbeck n.). Compare earlier Perkin Warbeck n.

Now rare.

= Perkin Warbeck n.In quots. 1715 and 1719, used specifically of James Stuart, the Pretender.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > pretender to throne or high office

pretender1593

affronter1598

Perkin1673

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun] > one who or that which dissembles > claiming high office

pretender1593

affronter1598

Perkin Warbeck1641

Perkin1673

pretendant1826

1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii. 167 Though you might have imposed upon the Parthians for a Pseudo-Nero, it is impossible you should be a Perkin-Caligula, but the very Original.

1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 457 His mother..was a beautifull strumpet..: Yet had this Perkin [sc. the Duke of Monmouth] ben made believe, the King had married her.

1715 S. Centlivre Gotham Election i. vi. 70 You'd spend every Shilling of my Portion in Defence of Liberty and Property against Perkin and the Pope.

1719 (title) A new song, made on the intended invasion of the Spaniards in favour of the Pretender:..or, the demolishers demolish'd, and the hopes of Prince Perkin's friends and abettors for ever extinguish'd.

1922 R. Sabatini Capt. Blood (U.S. ed.) i. 5 What but ruin and disaster could be the end of this grotesque pretension? How could it be hoped that England would ever swallow such a Perkin [sc. the Duke of Monmouth]?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

perkinn.²

Brit.

/ˈpəːkɪn/, U.S.

/ˈpərkən/

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: purre n.², -kin suffix.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably < purre n.² + -kin suffix, perhaps influenced in form by perry n.³ Compare earlier pomperkin n. and ciderkin n. Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) also records a parallel formation perkins (compare -kins suffix) in the same sense from Wiltshire:1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 116 Perkins, the same as Ciderkin.

English regional (southern) in later use. Now rare. Perhaps Obsolete.

A type of weak cider, spec. one obtained by adding water to apple pulp from which the juice has already been pressed and pressing it a second time. Cf. ciderkin n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > cider > [noun] > ciderkin or small cider

water cidera1450

purrec1623

pomperkin1637

water cidera1665

ciderkin1678

perkin1761

beverage1796

1761 J. Newton Diary 26 Dec. in Deserted Village (1992) 155 Tapt a Vessel of Ale & of Perkin.

c1791 Encycl. Brit. at Husbandry §238 The liquor, called cyderkin, purre, or perkin, is made of the murk or gross matter remaining after the cyder is pressed out.

1863 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. (Gloss.) 724/3 Perkin (Wilts, Glouc.), the washings after the best cyder is made.

a1903 in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 475/1 Perkin [the washings after the best cider is made].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Perkinn.³

Brit.

/ˈpəːkɪn/, U.S.

/ˈpərkən/

Forms: 1800s Perkins (irregular), 1800s– Perkin.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Perkin.

Etymology: < the name of Sir William Henry Perkin (1838–1907), English chemist.

Chemistry.

1. Perkin's mauve n. (also Perkin's purple, Perkin's violet) the dye mauve, first prepared by Perkin in 1856 and the first synthetic dye to be used commercially. Cf. mauveine n.Named by Perkin aniline purple, from its being made by oxidizing crude aniline with potassium dichromate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > purple dye or pigment > [noun]

turnsole1375

cork1483

jarecork1483

orchil1483

purple1519

purpurisse1519

archil1551

waycoriant1658

orchilla1703

cudbear1772

purple lake1785

imperial purple1788

mauve?1796

phenicin1823

French purple1830

indigo-purple1838

mauve1859

Perkin's mauve1859

violine1859

mauveine1863

purple of Cassiusc1865

tyroline1867

Paris violet1868

Hofmann violet1869

methyl violet1873

punicin1879

crystal violet1885

chrome violet1892

mineral violet1913

Monastral1936

manganese purple1937

1859 All Year Round 10 Sept. 468/1 (heading) Perkins's purple.

1859 All Year Round 10 Sept. 469/1 We doubt much if the discovery had been as useful as this of Perkins's purple.

1859 Notes & Queries 1 Oct. 267/1 Although, if we may believe the author of ‘Perkin's Purple’, in All the Year Round for September 10th, we are not quite correct in describing the fashionable colour as mauve, yet [etc.].

1860 Chem. News 21 Jan. 74/2 Notices of some of the patents taken out for the preparation and use of the new purple dyes generally known as the ‘mauve or Perkins' Purple’, [etc.].

1886 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. III. iii. 319 Other patents were soon taken out for this colour, and it came into the market under different names, such as Tyrian purple, Aniline violet, Perkin's violet, [etc.].

1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 93 2247 Many of the products obtained by these inventors could not have been Perkin's mauve at all, and,..not one of these rival processes was enabled to compete successfully with the original ‘bichromate’ method.

1971 E. Gurr Synthetic Dyes 123 Mauveine (mauve; Perkin's violet) is a basic dye of the azine group... Mauveine has been obsolete for several decades past.

1987 F. Thompson & T. Thompson Synthetic Dyeing 10 This was a far more important discovery than Perkin's mauve as it pointed the way to synthetic dyes that had consistent quality and strength.

2000 S. Garfield Mauve 63 It is ironic that their colour was often called Perkin's purple or aniline purple or harmaline, and that Perkin and Sons would soon adopt the French name of mauve for their own shade.

2. Perkin's reaction n. (also Perkin reaction, Perkin synthesis) any of a number of reactions discovered by Perkin, esp. that in which, typically, an arylacrylic acid is formed by the condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with the anhydride of an aliphatic acid, in the presence of the sodium salt of the latter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > processes or reactions attributed to chemists > [noun] > Perkin's reaction

Perkin's reaction1882

1882 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 42 190 (heading) Interpretation of syntheses by Perkin's reaction.

1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 93 2226 About 1867 he [sc. Perkin] must have commenced these researches..which..culminated in that beautiful method of synthesising unsaturated acids now known as the ‘Perkin synthesis’.

1957 R. H. Thomson Naturally Occurring Quinones iv. 170 An unusual feature of this quinone is the presence of a formyl group..which must be located next to the hydroxyl group since a Perkin reaction produced a coumarin..and the triacetate.

1960 J. E. Gowan & T. S. Wheeler Name Index Org. Reactions (ed. 2) 189 Perkin synthesis of alicyclic compounds.

1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xvi. 861 Further variations of the Perkin reaction involve condensation with hydantoin..and with rhodanine.

1994 Hutchinson Dict. Sci. Biogr. 546/1 In the late 1860s, Perkin prepared unsaturated acids by the action of acetic anhydride on aromatic aldehydes, a method known as the Perkin synthesis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1673

n.²1761

n.³1859

单词	perkin
释义	Perkinn.¹ Brit. /ˈpəːkɪn/, U.S. /ˈpərkən/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Perkin. Etymology: < the name of Perkin Warbeck (see Perkin Warbeck n.). Compare earlier Perkin Warbeck n. Now rare. = Perkin Warbeck n.In quots. 1715 and 1719, used specifically of James Stuart, the Pretender. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > pretender to throne or high office pretender1593 affronter1598 Perkin1673 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun] > one who or that which dissembles > claiming high office pretender1593 affronter1598 Perkin Warbeck1641 Perkin1673 pretendant1826 1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii. 167 Though you might have imposed upon the Parthians for a Pseudo-Nero, it is impossible you should be a Perkin-Caligula, but the very Original. 1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 457 His mother..was a beautifull strumpet..: Yet had this Perkin [sc. the Duke of Monmouth] ben made believe, the King had married her. 1715 S. Centlivre Gotham Election i. vi. 70 You'd spend every Shilling of my Portion in Defence of Liberty and Property against Perkin and the Pope. 1719 (title) A new song, made on the intended invasion of the Spaniards in favour of the Pretender:..or, the demolishers demolish'd, and the hopes of Prince Perkin's friends and abettors for ever extinguish'd. 1922 R. Sabatini Capt. Blood (U.S. ed.) i. 5 What but ruin and disaster could be the end of this grotesque pretension? How could it be hoped that England would ever swallow such a Perkin [sc. the Duke of Monmouth]? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). perkinn.² Brit. /ˈpəːkɪn/, U.S. /ˈpərkən/ Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: purre n.², -kin suffix. Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably < purre n.² + -kin suffix, perhaps influenced in form by perry n.³ Compare earlier pomperkin n. and ciderkin n. Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) also records a parallel formation perkins (compare -kins suffix) in the same sense from Wiltshire:1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 116 Perkins, the same as Ciderkin. English regional (southern) in later use. Now rare. Perhaps Obsolete. A type of weak cider, spec. one obtained by adding water to apple pulp from which the juice has already been pressed and pressing it a second time. Cf. ciderkin n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > cider > [noun] > ciderkin or small cider water cidera1450 purrec1623 pomperkin1637 water cidera1665 ciderkin1678 perkin1761 beverage1796 1761 J. Newton Diary 26 Dec. in Deserted Village (1992) 155 Tapt a Vessel of Ale & of Perkin. c1791 Encycl. Brit. at Husbandry §238 The liquor, called cyderkin, purre, or perkin, is made of the murk or gross matter remaining after the cyder is pressed out. 1863 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. (Gloss.) 724/3 Perkin (Wilts, Glouc.), the washings after the best cyder is made. a1903 in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 475/1 Perkin [the washings after the best cider is made]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Perkinn.³ Brit. /ˈpəːkɪn/, U.S. /ˈpərkən/ Forms: 1800s Perkins (irregular), 1800s– Perkin. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Perkin. Etymology: < the name of Sir William Henry Perkin (1838–1907), English chemist. Chemistry. 1. Perkin's mauve n. (also Perkin's purple, Perkin's violet) the dye mauve, first prepared by Perkin in 1856 and the first synthetic dye to be used commercially. Cf. mauveine n.Named by Perkin aniline purple, from its being made by oxidizing crude aniline with potassium dichromate. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > purple dye or pigment > [noun] turnsole1375 cork1483 jarecork1483 orchil1483 purple1519 purpurisse1519 archil1551 waycoriant1658 orchilla1703 cudbear1772 purple lake1785 imperial purple1788 mauve?1796 phenicin1823 French purple1830 indigo-purple1838 mauve1859 Perkin's mauve1859 violine1859 mauveine1863 purple of Cassiusc1865 tyroline1867 Paris violet1868 Hofmann violet1869 methyl violet1873 punicin1879 crystal violet1885 chrome violet1892 mineral violet1913 Monastral1936 manganese purple1937 1859 All Year Round 10 Sept. 468/1 (heading) Perkins's purple. 1859 All Year Round 10 Sept. 469/1 We doubt much if the discovery had been as useful as this of Perkins's purple. 1859 Notes & Queries 1 Oct. 267/1 Although, if we may believe the author of ‘Perkin's Purple’, in All the Year Round for September 10th, we are not quite correct in describing the fashionable colour as mauve, yet [etc.]. 1860 Chem. News 21 Jan. 74/2 Notices of some of the patents taken out for the preparation and use of the new purple dyes generally known as the ‘mauve or Perkins' Purple’, [etc.]. 1886 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. III. iii. 319 Other patents were soon taken out for this colour, and it came into the market under different names, such as Tyrian purple, Aniline violet, Perkin's violet, [etc.]. 1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 93 2247 Many of the products obtained by these inventors could not have been Perkin's mauve at all, and,..not one of these rival processes was enabled to compete successfully with the original ‘bichromate’ method. 1971 E. Gurr Synthetic Dyes 123 Mauveine (mauve; Perkin's violet) is a basic dye of the azine group... Mauveine has been obsolete for several decades past. 1987 F. Thompson & T. Thompson Synthetic Dyeing 10 This was a far more important discovery than Perkin's mauve as it pointed the way to synthetic dyes that had consistent quality and strength. 2000 S. Garfield Mauve 63 It is ironic that their colour was often called Perkin's purple or aniline purple or harmaline, and that Perkin and Sons would soon adopt the French name of mauve for their own shade. 2. Perkin's reaction n. (also Perkin reaction, Perkin synthesis) any of a number of reactions discovered by Perkin, esp. that in which, typically, an arylacrylic acid is formed by the condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with the anhydride of an aliphatic acid, in the presence of the sodium salt of the latter. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > processes or reactions attributed to chemists > [noun] > Perkin's reaction Perkin's reaction1882 1882 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 42 190 (heading) Interpretation of syntheses by Perkin's reaction. 1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 93 2226 About 1867 he [sc. Perkin] must have commenced these researches..which..culminated in that beautiful method of synthesising unsaturated acids now known as the ‘Perkin synthesis’. 1957 R. H. Thomson Naturally Occurring Quinones iv. 170 An unusual feature of this quinone is the presence of a formyl group..which must be located next to the hydroxyl group since a Perkin reaction produced a coumarin..and the triacetate. 1960 J. E. Gowan & T. S. Wheeler Name Index Org. Reactions (ed. 2) 189 Perkin synthesis of alicyclic compounds. 1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xvi. 861 Further variations of the Perkin reaction involve condensation with hydantoin..and with rhodanine. 1994 Hutchinson Dict. Sci. Biogr. 546/1 In the late 1860s, Perkin prepared unsaturated acids by the action of acetic anhydride on aromatic aldehydes, a method known as the Perkin synthesis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1673n.²1761n.³1859
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Perkinn.1

perkinn.2

Perkinn.3

Perkinn.¹

perkinn.²

Perkinn.³