perjuryn.

Brit.

/ˈpəːdʒ(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈpərdʒ(ə)ri/

Forms: Middle English pariuree, Middle English pariurye, Middle English periuri, Middle English perjery, Middle English puerie (transmission error), Middle English–1600s periurie, Middle English–1600s periury, Middle English–1600s periurye, Middle English–1600s perjurie, Middle English– perjury, 1500s pariury, 1600s perjurye, 1600s–1700s purjury, 1700s–1800s parjury (chiefly nonstandard); Scottish pre-1700 parjurie, pre-1700 periurie, pre-1700 periurii, pre-1700 periury, pre-1700 perjurie, pre-1700 1700s– perjury. N.E.D. (1905) also records a form late Middle English parjury.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French parjurie; Latin periūrium.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman parjurie, perjurie (c1292 or earlier; compare Middle French parjurie (1530 in an apparently isolated attestation)) and its etymon classical Latin periūrium false oath, oath-breaking < periūrus perjure adj. + -ium (see -y suffix⁴). Compare Old Occitan perjuria (early 13th cent.), Catalan †perjuries , plural noun (12th cent.). Compare earlier perjure n.¹

a. The action of swearing to or solemnly affirming the truth of a statement which one knows to be false; (Law) the action or offence of wilfully giving false evidence or testimony under oath. Also: the action of taking an oath which it is not one's intention to keep.From at least the 12th cent., perjury constituted the offence under ecclesiastical law of breaking an oath, irrespective of whether this had been taken within or outside judicial proceedings. From this time until the 16th cent. the English church courts were thus able to establish a considerable jurisdiction over petty debt litigation, entertaining suits for breach of contract which had been made under oath. Royal opposition to this encroachment into the temporal jurisdiction of the King's courts was articulated as early as 1164, in the Constitutions of Clarendon, but it was not until the Tudor period that ecclesiastical jurisdiction over such contractual disputes was finally ousted.As an offence of witnesses, perjury does not appear until trial by jury had evolved to the point where juries were called upon to judge the truth of evidence sworn to by witnesses under oath, a development not complete until the mid 15th cent. Punishment of the nominate offence of perjury by witnesses was first stipulated for by a series of statutes beginning in the Tudor period with II Hen. VII, c.25 and 5 Eliz., c.9.In quot. a1393 personified.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > perjury

forswornnessc1000

manathOE

false swearingc1200

misswarec1225

forswearing1340

perjurea1393

perjurya1393

manswearingc1400

manswornc1400

perjurementc1450

misswearing1496

perjuration1570

pejeration1650

hard swearing1731

rapping1743

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2866 (MED) Coveitise hath yit on honde In special tuo conseilours..The ferst of hem is Falswitnesse..Perjurie [v.r. Periure] is the secounde hote, Which spareth noght to swere an oth, Thogh it be fals.

1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 501/2 And to considre also ye grete, dredeles, and unshamefast Perjurie that orriblely contynueth and dailly encresseth in the commune Jurrours of ye said Roialme.

a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 12 (MED) Enforce you not to make hem swere that ye knowe wele..wille lye, that ye be not causers and partiners of their periurie.

1546 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 180 John Lewes..shall for hys perjury..suffer xl dayes prysonment.., and also to ware a paper for perjury wythyn the seyd Cyty thre severall markett dayes.

a1634 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. (1648) iii. lxxiv. 164 Perjury is a crime committed, when a lawfull oath is ministred..to any person, in any judiciall proceeding, who sweareth absolutely, and falsly in a matter materiall to the issue.

1682 London Mercury 8–11 May 1/2 Smith was a very ill Man, having been convicted of Perjury.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. xi. 245 They had best find out the Fellow who was guilty of Perjury, and bring him before him within two Days.

1782 W. Cowper Table Talk in Poems 418 When Perjury..Sells oaths by tale, and at the lowest price.

1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 459/2 Perjury, by the common law of England, is the offence of falsely swearing to facts in a judicial proceeding.

1891 Law Times 90 459/2 The enormity of a particular case only drives home upon the public mind the evils of perjury.

1953 A. Miller Crucible iii. 102 You are either lying now, or you were lying in the court, and in either case you have committed perjury and you will go to jail for it.

1992 D. Pannick Advocates v. 160 It would be improper to put on the witness-stand to give evidence a witness who the advocate knows..will commit perjury.

b. gen. The violation of a promise, vow, or solemn undertaking; a breach of oath. Now rare (poetic in later use).

ΚΠ

1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere viii. p. cccccxxxvi That..runnynge out of relygyon in apostacy, brekyng of vowys, & frerys weddyng nonnys, & periury were no synne at all.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 736 The Ambassadours, would not haue the truce proclaimed, thinking therby, to saue the Duke from periurie, which had sworne, neuer to conclude a peace, till [etc.].

1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iv. sig. H4 No paine is due to louers periury. If Ioue himselfe laugh at it, so will I.

1691 T. D'Urfey Bussy D'Ambois ii. iii. 19 A wrong's wrtech'd Lover, Taxing his dearest Mistress with foul Perjury, And breach of holy Vows?

1745 C. Cibber Papal Tyranny ii. i. 24 As Heav'n has a claim superior then, 'Tis Perjury to keep thy Oath with Hereticks!

1781 H. Downman Brutus v. vii. 308 To sport With perjury, and break thy sacred oaths.

1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth I. v. 255 Advance,—break your vows,—but you must rush to perjury over the body of your mother.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 148 Lo they fear not promise, of oath or perjury reck not.

a1915 S. Phillips Harold (1927) ii. ii. 59 If I break oath, I break it nobly here; If I am perjured, grand the perjury.

2. As a count noun: an instance of perjury (sense 1a); a false oath; a wilful breach of oath. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > perjury > instance of

perjury1395

Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 112 (MED) Thei that procuren siche lige men to defraude the king, and most by periuries, defrauden the king in nedeful instrumentis to the gouernaunce of the rewme.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 222 (MED) Loo! sir, þis is a periurye To prente vndir penne.

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 25 §1 The haynous and detestable perjuries dailly commytted within this realme in enquestes and Juries.

1562–3 Act 5 Eliz. c. 9 §7 Heinous Perjuries and other Offences and Misdemeaninges.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. i. 134 At Louers periuries they say Ioue smiles.

1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 286 Their periuries,..profane oathes are notoriously knowne.

1684 A. Behn Poems 67 Not to love you, a wonder sure would be, Greater then all his Perjuries to me.

1719 E. Young Busiris i. 13 It is an Oath well spent, a Perjury Of good Account in Vengeance, and in Love.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xx. 201 Constantine attested a wilful falsehood by a solemn and deliberate perjury.

1813 Gen. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 9/2 The necessity under which judges and juries so frequently laboured, of committing what had been called pious perjuries.

1884 C. D. Bell Songs in Many Keys 139 The hasty trials, perjuries, and scorn.

1940 R. Kent This is my Own xxxvii. 368 The purposeful deceits and perjuries of the vested betrayers of democracy in America.

1992 D. Pannick Advocates v. 161 Counsel..should not lend any assistance to the perjury.

Compounds

C1.

† perjury-begetting adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iii. xvii. 397 Judges, by whom evidence in these perjury-begetting shapes has exclusively been received.

perjury charge n.

ΚΠ

1876 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Weekly Sentinel 11 Oct. The perjury charge against Gov. Tilden has completely broken down.

1907 Westm. Gaz. 30 Dec. 7/1 The magistrate might be prepared..to dismiss the perjury charge.

1997 Jrnl. of Blacks in Higher Educ. No. 18 Winter 111/2 The FBI tried..to have him indicted on perjury charges for denying Communist Party membership.

† perjury-market n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1826 H. Smith Tor Hill III. v. 152 An exclusive command of the perjury-market.

† perjury-mongering adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold v. i. 135 The perjury-mongering Count Hath made too good an use of Holy Church.

C2.

Perjury Act n. British Law a legislative act passed in 1911 dealing with the offence of perjury (cf. sense 1a).

ΚΠ

1911 Times 30 June 12/1 The house met at a quarter to 4 o'clock, when the Royal Assent was given by Commission to..the Perjury Act.

1928 Daily Mail 25 July 7/4 The summons alleges that Sir Walter..made false statements in tax returns, contrary to the Perjury Act 1911.

2000 Gloucestershire Echo (Nexis) 6 Sept. (News section) 5 Mr Garbutt..claims the police officer contravened the Perjury Act.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	perjury
释义	perjuryn. Brit. /ˈpəːdʒ(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈpərdʒ(ə)ri/ Forms: Middle English pariuree, Middle English pariurye, Middle English periuri, Middle English perjery, Middle English puerie (transmission error), Middle English–1600s periurie, Middle English–1600s periury, Middle English–1600s periurye, Middle English–1600s perjurie, Middle English– perjury, 1500s pariury, 1600s perjurye, 1600s–1700s purjury, 1700s–1800s parjury (chiefly nonstandard); Scottish pre-1700 parjurie, pre-1700 periurie, pre-1700 periurii, pre-1700 periury, pre-1700 perjurie, pre-1700 1700s– perjury. N.E.D. (1905) also records a form late Middle English parjury. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French parjurie; Latin periūrium. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman parjurie, perjurie (c1292 or earlier; compare Middle French parjurie (1530 in an apparently isolated attestation)) and its etymon classical Latin periūrium false oath, oath-breaking < periūrus perjure adj. + -ium (see -y suffix⁴). Compare Old Occitan perjuria (early 13th cent.), Catalan †perjuries , plural noun (12th cent.). Compare earlier perjure n.¹ 1. a. The action of swearing to or solemnly affirming the truth of a statement which one knows to be false; (Law) the action or offence of wilfully giving false evidence or testimony under oath. Also: the action of taking an oath which it is not one's intention to keep.From at least the 12th cent., perjury constituted the offence under ecclesiastical law of breaking an oath, irrespective of whether this had been taken within or outside judicial proceedings. From this time until the 16th cent. the English church courts were thus able to establish a considerable jurisdiction over petty debt litigation, entertaining suits for breach of contract which had been made under oath. Royal opposition to this encroachment into the temporal jurisdiction of the King's courts was articulated as early as 1164, in the Constitutions of Clarendon, but it was not until the Tudor period that ecclesiastical jurisdiction over such contractual disputes was finally ousted.As an offence of witnesses, perjury does not appear until trial by jury had evolved to the point where juries were called upon to judge the truth of evidence sworn to by witnesses under oath, a development not complete until the mid 15th cent. Punishment of the nominate offence of perjury by witnesses was first stipulated for by a series of statutes beginning in the Tudor period with II Hen. VII, c.25 and 5 Eliz., c.9.In quot. a1393 personified. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > perjury forswornnessc1000 manathOE false swearingc1200 misswarec1225 forswearing1340 perjurea1393 perjurya1393 manswearingc1400 manswornc1400 perjurementc1450 misswearing1496 perjuration1570 pejeration1650 hard swearing1731 rapping1743 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2866 (MED) Coveitise hath yit on honde In special tuo conseilours..The ferst of hem is Falswitnesse..Perjurie [v.r. Periure] is the secounde hote, Which spareth noght to swere an oth, Thogh it be fals. 1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 501/2 And to considre also ye grete, dredeles, and unshamefast Perjurie that orriblely contynueth and dailly encresseth in the commune Jurrours of ye said Roialme. a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 12 (MED) Enforce you not to make hem swere that ye knowe wele..wille lye, that ye be not causers and partiners of their periurie. 1546 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 180 John Lewes..shall for hys perjury..suffer xl dayes prysonment.., and also to ware a paper for perjury wythyn the seyd Cyty thre severall markett dayes. a1634 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. (1648) iii. lxxiv. 164 Perjury is a crime committed, when a lawfull oath is ministred..to any person, in any judiciall proceeding, who sweareth absolutely, and falsly in a matter materiall to the issue. 1682 London Mercury 8–11 May 1/2 Smith was a very ill Man, having been convicted of Perjury. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. xi. 245 They had best find out the Fellow who was guilty of Perjury, and bring him before him within two Days. View more context for this quotation 1782 W. Cowper Table Talk in Poems 418 When Perjury..Sells oaths by tale, and at the lowest price. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 459/2 Perjury, by the common law of England, is the offence of falsely swearing to facts in a judicial proceeding. 1891 Law Times 90 459/2 The enormity of a particular case only drives home upon the public mind the evils of perjury. 1953 A. Miller Crucible iii. 102 You are either lying now, or you were lying in the court, and in either case you have committed perjury and you will go to jail for it. 1992 D. Pannick Advocates v. 160 It would be improper to put on the witness-stand to give evidence a witness who the advocate knows..will commit perjury. b. gen. The violation of a promise, vow, or solemn undertaking; a breach of oath. Now rare (poetic in later use). ΚΠ 1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere viii. p. cccccxxxvi That..runnynge out of relygyon in apostacy, brekyng of vowys, & frerys weddyng nonnys, & periury were no synne at all. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 736 The Ambassadours, would not haue the truce proclaimed, thinking therby, to saue the Duke from periurie, which had sworne, neuer to conclude a peace, till [etc.]. 1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iv. sig. H4 No paine is due to louers periury. If Ioue himselfe laugh at it, so will I. 1691 T. D'Urfey Bussy D'Ambois ii. iii. 19 A wrong's wrtech'd Lover, Taxing his dearest Mistress with foul Perjury, And breach of holy Vows? 1745 C. Cibber Papal Tyranny ii. i. 24 As Heav'n has a claim superior then, 'Tis Perjury to keep thy Oath with Hereticks! 1781 H. Downman Brutus v. vii. 308 To sport With perjury, and break thy sacred oaths. 1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth I. v. 255 Advance,—break your vows,—but you must rush to perjury over the body of your mother. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 148 Lo they fear not promise, of oath or perjury reck not. a1915 S. Phillips Harold (1927) ii. ii. 59 If I break oath, I break it nobly here; If I am perjured, grand the perjury. 2. As a count noun: an instance of perjury (sense 1a); a false oath; a wilful breach of oath. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > perjury > instance of perjury1395 Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 112 (MED) Thei that procuren siche lige men to defraude the king, and most by periuries, defrauden the king in nedeful instrumentis to the gouernaunce of the rewme. a1450 York Plays (1885) 222 (MED) Loo! sir, þis is a periurye To prente vndir penne. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 25 §1 The haynous and detestable perjuries dailly commytted within this realme in enquestes and Juries. 1562–3 Act 5 Eliz. c. 9 §7 Heinous Perjuries and other Offences and Misdemeaninges. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. i. 134 At Louers periuries they say Ioue smiles. View more context for this quotation 1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 286 Their periuries,..profane oathes are notoriously knowne. 1684 A. Behn Poems 67 Not to love you, a wonder sure would be, Greater then all his Perjuries to me. 1719 E. Young Busiris i. 13 It is an Oath well spent, a Perjury Of good Account in Vengeance, and in Love. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xx. 201 Constantine attested a wilful falsehood by a solemn and deliberate perjury. 1813 Gen. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 9/2 The necessity under which judges and juries so frequently laboured, of committing what had been called pious perjuries. 1884 C. D. Bell Songs in Many Keys 139 The hasty trials, perjuries, and scorn. 1940 R. Kent This is my Own xxxvii. 368 The purposeful deceits and perjuries of the vested betrayers of democracy in America. 1992 D. Pannick Advocates v. 161 Counsel..should not lend any assistance to the perjury. Compounds C1. † perjury-begetting adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iii. xvii. 397 Judges, by whom evidence in these perjury-begetting shapes has exclusively been received. perjury charge n. ΚΠ 1876 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Weekly Sentinel 11 Oct. The perjury charge against Gov. Tilden has completely broken down. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 30 Dec. 7/1 The magistrate might be prepared..to dismiss the perjury charge. 1997 Jrnl. of Blacks in Higher Educ. No. 18 Winter 111/2 The FBI tried..to have him indicted on perjury charges for denying Communist Party membership. † perjury-market n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1826 H. Smith Tor Hill III. v. 152 An exclusive command of the perjury-market. † perjury-mongering adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold v. i. 135 The perjury-mongering Count Hath made too good an use of Holy Church. C2. Perjury Act n. British Law a legislative act passed in 1911 dealing with the offence of perjury (cf. sense 1a). ΚΠ 1911 Times 30 June 12/1 The house met at a quarter to 4 o'clock, when the Royal Assent was given by Commission to..the Perjury Act. 1928 Daily Mail 25 July 7/4 The summons alleges that Sir Walter..made false statements in tax returns, contrary to the Perjury Act 1911. 2000 Gloucestershire Echo (Nexis) 6 Sept. (News section) 5 Mr Garbutt..claims the police officer contravened the Perjury Act. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1393
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