| 释义 |
periwinklen.1 Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin pervinca; French pervenke. Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin pervinca (in vinca pervinca (4th or 5th cent.), in classical Latin vicapervica (Pliny), of unknown origin: see note); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman pervenke, parvenke, perwenke (compare Old French pervenche (a1230 as parvenche; compare earlier venche (c1220); Middle French, French pervenche) < post-classical Latin pervinca. Compare Spanish †pervinca (a1567, now vincapervinca (a1567)), Italian pervinca, †provinca (both 14th cent.; also as †provenca (1598 in Florio)).In the Middle English forms it is often unclear whether u , v , and w represent /v/ or /w/. The β. forms are perhaps influenced by periwinkle n.2, although this is apparently first attested later (but compare Old English winewincle or winewincla periwinkle, kind of shellfish: see note s.v. periwinkle n.2); compare also -le suffix 1. Earlier currency of the word in this form is perhaps implied by the surname Alicia Perivencle (1327). It has been suggested that classical Latin vicapervica has its origin in a magical formula. The absence of -n- from the earliest examples may suggest a connection with classical Latin pervicus stubborn (compare the more common pervicāx stubborn: see pervicacious adj.); both words may derive from classical Latin pervincere to conquer completely (from which the -n- of pervinca may have been introduced), with various suggested explanations. Compare sense 2. With sense 2a compare Anglo-Norman or Old French (Walloon) pervenke : ‘De tous vins ce est le pervenke’ (c1300 in a text showing Anglo-Norman and Walloon influence). The form peruyng (see α. forms and quot. c1400 at sense 1aα. ) is interpreted as a reverse spelling in a text which shows final devoicing of -ng to -nk . For an alternative reading of this quot. see perning n. 1. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > foliage, house, or garden plants > [noun] > periwinkle α. OE Ælfric (St. John's Oxf.) 311 Uinca, perfince [c1225 Worcester peruenke]. OE (1955) 118 Uinca, peruincæ. c1330 (?c1300) St. Patrick's Purgatory (Auch.) in (1877) 1 108 (MED) Fair were her erbers wiþ floures, rose and lili diuers colours, primrol and paruink. a1350 ( in R. H. Robbins (1959) 18 (MED) Y-fetered were ys legges vnder his horse wombe..A gerland of peruenke set on ys heued. c1400 (?c1390) (1940) 611 A lyȝtly vrysoun..Enbrawden and bounden wyth þe best gemmez On brode sylkyn borde,..and bryddez on semez, As papiayez paynted peruyng bitwene, Tortors and trulofez entayled so þyk As mony burde þeraboute had ben seuen wynter. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) vi. 126 (MED) Thou hast..Crownid oon with laureer hih on his hed vpset, Other with peruynke maad for the gibet. ?c1450 in (1896) 18 317 (MED) Parwynke is an erbe grene of colour, In tyme of may he beryth blo flour. 1532 (?a1400) 1432 (MED) There sprang the vyolet al newe, And fressh pervynke, riche of hewe. 1608 E. Topsell 63 The Egyptian Clematis or Periwinke..is very good against the poyson of Aspes. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > non-British flowers > tropical flowers 1968 11 Jan. 95/1 When the alkylating agents lose their effectiveness, the periwinkle alkaloid vinblastine (Velban) and the methylhydrazine derivative procarbazine (Natulan) are used successively. 1985 63 1540/1 Cell cultures of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) have been subjected to alkaloid analysis in a number of laboratories. 1990 Sept. 13/1 The popular Texas periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) may be receiving some stiff competition from an American native in the bedding plant arena. 2000 J. Mann (rev. ed.) iv. 236 There is no mention in the folk literature of a use for the rosy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus formerly Vinca rosea) in cancer chemotherapy. †2. figurative. the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > unusual or excellent ?c1335 in W. Heuser (1904) 162 (MED) Þos kniȝtis euchone Of him mai make mone As peruink of ham alle. a1350 in G. L. Brook (1968) 50 (MED) Heo is lilie of largesse; heo is paruenke of prouesse. a1500 (Cambr.) (1949) 746 (MED) Corteys lady and wyse, As þou arte peruenke [v.r. proudeste] of pryse, I do me on þi gentryse. the world > people > person > woman > [noun] 1604 J. Marston ii. ii. sig. C4 How do's Ianiuere thy husband, my little periwincle. 1633 J. Shirley iv. G iv Quicke periwincle to thy mistris now. 1640 J. Shirley ii. C iij b Very good, I shall love this periwinke. 1652 J. Shirley Brothers v. 61 in (1653) Now I have found out an excellent tumbler, That can do the Somerset,..and yet she is but 17 there's a periwinkle. 3. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > colour > blue 1562 G. Legh (1597) 100 b For Azure, perwinke: for Sable, dwale. 1725 J. Coats (rev. ed.) Perwinkle,..pitch'd upon by the Inventors of the new Way of Blazon by Flowers and Herbs..to supply the word Azure. 1727 N. Bailey II Perwinkle, (In Heraldry) has been made use of by the Inventors of a new Way of Blazon by Flowers and Herbs, instead of Metals and Colours, to supply the word Azure. the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > light blue 1895 7 Jan. 16/3 (advt.) Rich Lyons, all Silk Velvet, alternate Black and Coloured narrow stripes—Black and Green, Black and Austrian Blue, Black and Periwinkle, Black and White. 1922 20 Dec. 1 (advt.) Lingerie crepe... In a full range of charming colours, including Pink, Sky, Jade, Flesh, Shrimp, Saxe,..Fawn, Periwinkle and Cham. 1979 22 June 7/5 (advt.) Lace trimmed Jersey 2-piece in toast and periwinkle £160. 1993 Aug. 83/2 She..used periwinkle as a color accent on the banister and newel post. 2002 68/1 Consider warmer blues, such as periwinkle, or bright blues, such as cerulean or turquoise. Compounds C1. a. General attributive, designating things of the purple-blue colour of the periwinkle. 1955 24 July a2/6 A white cotton sheath dress with periwinkle blue print and periwinkle coat. 1990 (Nexis) 2 Nov. c1 He does a periwinkle coat over a peach tunic and loden green skirt. 1929 9 Sept. 2/1 Helen returned to don her crepe de chine dancing set and the periwinkle dress. 2004 (Nexis) 2 Jan. 2 Her grandmother, Charlotte Habliston, [wore] a silk periwinkle dress. 1915 S. P. Sherman How Little Souls Saw Sand Man in H. E. Woodbridge & J. Zeitlin (1929) I. xv. 293 And your periwinkle eyes are blinking My own little widgetywee. 1977 C. Storr viii. 83 ‘Plenty of time to think of getting married later, that's what I say,’ Liz said, fixing me with those bulging periwinkle eyes. 2003 (Nexis) 19 May b1 Her periwinkle eyes rimmed with tears as she described the shock and joy of winning the prize. 1994 (Nexis) 29 Oct. d1 Julian, impeccably turned out in assorted tans and a periwinkle shirt, is not wearing any socks. 2001 (U.S. ed.) Mar. 261/3 I was wearing corduroys, Top-Siders, and a periwinkle Izod shirt. 1873 Apr. 390/1 Écru buff [silk] has green stripes,..wood color with periwinkle stripes, and many others which our space will not permit us to mention. 1999 (Nexis) 15 Apr. h1 A beautiful fish, yellow with periwinkle stripes, swam by. b. Instrumental. 1902 23 Jan. 2/1 Ball frock..of pale chiffon, periwinkle-wreathed. C2. the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > light blue 1852 Dec. 144/2 A bonnet of three blond frills under which are arranged loops of No. 4 velvet of a periwinkle blue. 1902 4 Feb. 2/1 Wherever you stand..you see the sea—the wonderful periwinkle blue, heaving slowly between the sparkling white sands. 2001 J. Weiner i. iii. 37 Leggings and a tunic top in a soft, periwinkle blue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). periwinklen.2 Origin: Of uncertain origin. Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: an element of uncertain origin, English wincle, wincla. Etymology: Origin uncertain; apparently < a first element of uncertain origin + the reflex of Old English wincle or wincla (of uncertain gender) shellfish (only in compounds; probably related to Old English wincel corner, ultimately < the same Germanic base as wink v.1).Compare Old English winewincle or winewincla (of uncertain gender) periwinkle ( < a first element of uncertain origin + wincle or wincla : see above); perhaps compare Welsh English (Pembrokeshire) wilinwinglin whelk (recorded by W. Elmer Terminol. Fishing (1973) iv. 182). C. H. Whitman ( Anglia 30 (1907) 381–2) sees Old English winewincle as a corruption of an original (unattested) *pinewincle (presumably by confusion of the letters wynn (for /w/) and p ), and takes the English regional form pennywinkle to be a direct descendant of this; he derives the first element from classical Latin pīna shellfish (see pinna n.1). the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > family Buccinidae > genus or member of genus Buccinum (whelks) the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > family Littorinidae > member of genus Littorina (periwinkle) the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > family Littorinidae > shell of periwinkle α. 1530 J. Palsgrave 253/2 Perivyncle a shellfysshe, bigorneau, uineau. 1552 R. Huloet Purwinkle fyshe, coclea. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria f. 209 Of the leaste of these welkes or perewincles, they make certeyne lyttle beades of diuers sortes and colours. 1593 G. Harvey 62 Art will soone finde..the hideous Leuiathan of Vainglorie, to be a shrimpe in Witt, a periwinkle in Art, a dandiprat in Industrie. 1612 J. Speed i. xxiv. 47/2 At Alderley..vpon the hilles to this day are found Cockles, Periwinckles, and Oysters of solid stone. 1625 S. Purchas ix. xii. §4 The Manamotapa and his subjects, weare a white Periwinkle in the fore-head for a Iewell. 1661 R. Lovell 234 Nun-fishes. Monachæ. Muff. Are a wholesome and delicate meate, as any periwinckle. 1697 W. Dampier vii. 173 A great many Perewincles and Muscles. 1748 H. Ellis 171 Shells are seldom met with; the only ones I saw were Limpids, Muscles, and Periwincles. 1773 W. Wales Jrnl. in J. Cook (1961) II. 787 Amongst the crustaceous Tribe we found..Scollops, Whelks, Periwinkles. 1837 C. Dickens xxxvii. 411 [Sam Weller says] I merely quote wot the nobleman said to the fractious pennywinkle, ven he vould'nt come out of his shell by means of a pin. 1957 P. White iii. 71 He stooped to touch periwinkles and taste the shining scales of salt. 1992 2/1 Common periwinkles often hide on rocks beneath the cool damp rockweed. the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [noun] > cochlea 1633 P. Fletcher v. 58 (margin) The last passage [of the ear] is called the Cochlea, Snail, or Periwincle; where the nerves of hearing plainly appeare. Compounds 1841 P. Hawker (1893) II. 203 Mobbed with periwinkle men to freight the crafts for Billingsgate. 2003 (Nexis) 26 Oct. 21 Every Friday the periwinkle man would be seen. 1836 P. Hawker (1893) II. 101 An army of periwinkle pickers. 1994 (Nexis) 28 Sept. About 25 clam diggers, 20 periwinkle pickers, and 40 home crabmeat pickers had to find other buyers for their products. 1851 H. Mayhew I. 76/1 The ‘wink’ men, as these periwinkle sellers are called. 2001 (Nexis) 25 Aug. 2 What about the traditional periwinkle-sellers who have been in the streets for years? 1612 H. Peacham ii. iv. 124 A Ladie..vpon her head a Coronet of Periwinckle and Escallop shelles. 1841 E. Forbes 252 I have represented the Sipunculus alive in a Periwinkle shell. 1906 G. R. Sims (rev. ed.) III. 271/2 A drawing known as ‘Spider's Web’ which rather resembles a periwinkle-shell in outline. 1993 Mar. 74/1 I picked up a periwinkle shell, a biggish one, with beautiful swirls of russet and lavender. Derivatives the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [adjective] > of superorder Branchifera > belonging to order Prosobranchiata > of section Holostomata > of family Littorinidae > having periwinkles 1883 A. Stewart xliii. 265 The ‘periwinkled shore’ is a thousand times better than the ‘barren barren shore’ of Tennyson. 1992 (Nexis) 16 Feb. I walked along the beach..before climbing into town by a flight of periwinkled steps. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † periwinklen.3Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: periwig n. Etymology: Alteration of periwig n., probably after periwinkle n.2, perhaps also partly after periwinkle n.1 (see discussion s.v. periwig n.). Obsolete ( cant in later use). the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > wig 1580 C. Hollyband Perruquier, he that maketh Perewincles. 1597 Bp. J. Hall iii. v. 60 Th' nruly winde blowes of his Periwinke. 1699 B. E. Periwinkle, a Perruque or Periwig. 1736 N. Bailey et al. (ed. 2) Periwinkle, (with the canting crew) signifies a peruke. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
