percaseadv.

Brit.

/pəːˈkeɪs/, U.S.

/pərˈkeɪs/

Forms: Middle English parcaas, Middle English percace, Middle English percas, Middle English–1500s parcas, Middle English–1500s percaas, Middle English–1600s parcase, Middle English– percase; English regional (Yorkshire) 1800s parcaas, 1800s percaas, 1800s– perkeease; also Scottish pre-1700 parcais, pre-1700 percace, pre-1700 percaice, pre-1700 percais, pre-1700 percaiss, pre-1700 perchass, pre-1700 perkase, pre-1700 perkece.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French par cas.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French par cas by chance (1300 in Old French; now rare and regional) < par by (see per prep.) + cas case n.¹ Compare perchance adv., peradventure adv., and perhaps adv.With sense 2b compare:1377 in Statutes of Realm (1816) II. 3 Repreignantz vers eux la value de cel livere, ou par cas la double value.

†1. In a statement of fact: by chance; as it happens or happened. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 885 And with that word, it happed hym, par cas, To take the botel ther the poysoun was.

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1967 Noot I not how, it happede, par cas [v.rr. parcase, percace], As Theseus compleynede hym by nyghte, The kynges doughter..herden al His compleynynge.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 481 Then hapnyt at that tyme percas That the erle of the Leuenax was Amang the hillis.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. vi. 75 Quhar as fast by The stirkis for the sacrifice, per cace, War newly brittnit.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1929) IV. ii. 8481 To gude man fallis sum quhyle per cais Sik thing that [etc.].

1613 W. Gamage Linsi-woolsie i. Epigr. lxiv. p. xxii I meete percase Dell Thraso at the shore, As he came fresh from Irelands dismall warre.

2. Expressing a hypothetical, contingent or uncertain possibility: it may chance or be the case that; perhaps, maybe, possibly. Now rare (archaic and English regional).

a. Qualifying a statement or clause.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adverb]

feringc1000

feringlya1300

by casec1300

chancefully1303

lotc1325

peradventurec1325

of chance1330

happilya1375

in hapa1375

upon hapsa1375

casuallyc1384

perchancec1387

chancely1389

by fortune1390

haplyc1390

by (also of) adventurea1393

percasea1393

adventurelyc1400

percase1402

accidently?a1425

adventurously1440

by (good, lucky, etc.) hap?a1450

accidentally1528

chanceably1559

bechance1569

chance1595

casual-wise1601

accidental1622

occasionally1622

fortuitouslya1652

contingently1668

by chance1669

chanceable1709

per-hazard1788

chance-wise1844

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [adverb] > perhaps

is wenc897

wen isc897

peradventurec1300

peradventurec1325

perchancec1350

uphapa1375

percasea1393

lightly1395

in casea1398

maybea1400

may chancea1400

may-falla1400

may-fortunea1400

may-tidea1400

perhapa1464

happen1487

perhapsc1520

percase1523

ablea1525

by chance1526

mayhap1533

fortunea1535

belikelya1551

haps1570

mayhappen1577

perhappen1578

possibly1600

not impossibly1667

ables1673

aunters1673

aiblins1720

p'rapsa1745

aunterens1825

mebbe1825

yes-no1898

yimkin1925

ja-nee1937

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 39 (MED) Thou schalt mowe senden hire a lettre, And, per cas, wryte more plein Than thou be Mowthe durstest sein.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 4002 If þou wolt, þei shul pase, And com not in his hond, percase.

a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 42 (MED) Or, parcaas, he stireþ þee suche dedis to don þat þou þiselfe swiþe sore hatist & knowest it for yuel.

a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) 535 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 561 That thou canst nat, parcas, a-nothir can.

1538 T. Wriothesly in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 110 I write this unto You bicause you may peraventur here sumwhat hereof, and the thing percase sinisterly interpreted.

a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. A.v^v, in Whole Wks. (1587) Percase she came, this worthy Queene to serue.

1605 M. Sutcliffe Briefe Exam. Menacing & Disleal Petition 91 They woulde percase say the same of Scotland but that theire conscience told them contrary.

1701 F. Atterbury Additions to 1st Ed. Rights Eng. Convocation App. 17 Percase many Matters of the same Supplication have come..to Your Graces said Commons by Misinformation.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Parcaas, if so be.

1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Perkeease, or Percase, perchance.

1904 J. Payne Hamid the Luckless 4 Need or occasion hast thou aught, percase, Wherein thou wouldst employ me?

†b. Qualifying a word or phrase independently. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [adverb] > perhaps

is wenc897

wen isc897

peradventurec1300

peradventurec1325

perchancec1350

uphapa1375

percasea1393

lightly1395

in casea1398

maybea1400

may chancea1400

may-falla1400

may-fortunea1400

may-tidea1400

perhapa1464

happen1487

perhapsc1520

percase1523

ablea1525

by chance1526

mayhap1533

fortunea1535

belikelya1551

haps1570

mayhappen1577

perhappen1578

possibly1600

not impossibly1667

ables1673

aunters1673

aiblins1720

p'rapsa1745

aunterens1825

mebbe1825

yes-no1898

yimkin1925

ja-nee1937

1523 T. Wolsey Let. in R. Fiddes Life Wolsey (1724) Collect. 88 Reasonable offers..more regarded, than per-case the Qualities of the Person.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxi The one ploughe lande is lotted to the purparte of the one as percase to the yonger syster.

1600 J. Darrell Detection S. Harshnet 99 The Bp. had seene him doe his tricks before that time, yea, percase, oftentimes.

†3. In a conditional clause (with if, except, lest, etc.): by any chance, as may happen, as may be the case, as is possible. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adverb]

feringc1000

feringlya1300

by casec1300

chancefully1303

lotc1325

peradventurec1325

of chance1330

happilya1375

in hapa1375

upon hapsa1375

casuallyc1384

perchancec1387

chancely1389

by fortune1390

haplyc1390

by (also of) adventurea1393

percasea1393

adventurelyc1400

percase1402

accidently?a1425

adventurously1440

by (good, lucky, etc.) hap?a1450

accidentally1528

chanceably1559

bechance1569

chance1595

casual-wise1601

accidental1622

occasionally1622

fortuitouslya1652

contingently1668

by chance1669

chanceable1709

per-hazard1788

chance-wise1844

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [adverb] > by any chance

peradventurec1325

percase1402

perchancea1425

perhapsc1520

anauntrins1676

by any chance1914

1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 164 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 298 If it happe men fynden par cas O womman fals, swich is good for tescheewe.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 808 Euery wyȝt ouȝte to compleyene, Þat lytel gylte schulde haue swyche vengeaunce, Except, parcas, þoruȝ goddys puruyaunce.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 17806 But yiff the wode, par cas or chaunce, Wer yhewe, or feld a-doun To-for ther convencion..Than..He peyseth..Hys long abydyng tyme and al.

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 45/2 Yf shee bee percase so obstynate, and so preciselye sette vppon her own wyl, that [etc.].

1575 W. Baldwin et al. Last Pt. Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Hastings xi Least thou differ, to thincke me kinde, per case.

1629 Bk. Meery Riddles 7 A man or woman..would be loath it were so Marry, percase if some woman wish such a wish to her husband.

a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) III. 31 And if, percase..they sall not be able to fortifie their caus [etc.].

a1770 T. Chatterton Compl. Wks. (1971) I. 112 But if percase Tyme of hys dyre Envie, Shalle beate ytte to rude Walles and Throckes of Stone.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	percase
释义	percaseadv. Brit. /pəːˈkeɪs/, U.S. /pərˈkeɪs/ Forms: Middle English parcaas, Middle English percace, Middle English percas, Middle English–1500s parcas, Middle English–1500s percaas, Middle English–1600s parcase, Middle English– percase; English regional (Yorkshire) 1800s parcaas, 1800s percaas, 1800s– perkeease; also Scottish pre-1700 parcais, pre-1700 percace, pre-1700 percaice, pre-1700 percais, pre-1700 percaiss, pre-1700 perchass, pre-1700 perkase, pre-1700 perkece. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French par cas. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French par cas by chance (1300 in Old French; now rare and regional) < par by (see per prep.) + cas case n.¹ Compare perchance adv., peradventure adv., and perhaps adv.With sense 2b compare:1377 in Statutes of Realm (1816) II. 3 Repreignantz vers eux la value de cel livere, ou par cas la double value. †1. In a statement of fact: by chance; as it happens or happened. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 885 And with that word, it happed hym, par cas, To take the botel ther the poysoun was. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1967 Noot I not how, it happede, par cas [v.rr. parcase, percace], As Theseus compleynede hym by nyghte, The kynges doughter..herden al His compleynynge. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 481 Then hapnyt at that tyme percas That the erle of the Leuenax was Amang the hillis. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. vi. 75 Quhar as fast by The stirkis for the sacrifice, per cace, War newly brittnit. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1929) IV. ii. 8481 To gude man fallis sum quhyle per cais Sik thing that [etc.]. 1613 W. Gamage Linsi-woolsie i. Epigr. lxiv. p. xxii I meete percase Dell Thraso at the shore, As he came fresh from Irelands dismall warre. 2. Expressing a hypothetical, contingent or uncertain possibility: it may chance or be the case that; perhaps, maybe, possibly. Now rare (archaic and English regional). a. Qualifying a statement or clause. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adverb] feringc1000 feringlya1300 by casec1300 chancefully1303 lotc1325 peradventurec1325 of chance1330 happilya1375 in hapa1375 upon hapsa1375 casuallyc1384 perchancec1387 chancely1389 by fortune1390 haplyc1390 by (also of) adventurea1393 percasea1393 adventurelyc1400 percase1402 accidently?a1425 adventurously1440 by (good, lucky, etc.) hap?a1450 accidentally1528 chanceably1559 bechance1569 chance1595 casual-wise1601 accidental1622 occasionally1622 fortuitouslya1652 contingently1668 by chance1669 chanceable1709 per-hazard1788 chance-wise1844 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [adverb] > perhaps is wenc897 wen isc897 peradventurec1300 peradventurec1325 perchancec1350 uphapa1375 percasea1393 lightly1395 in casea1398 maybea1400 may chancea1400 may-falla1400 may-fortunea1400 may-tidea1400 perhapa1464 happen1487 perhapsc1520 percase1523 ablea1525 by chance1526 mayhap1533 fortunea1535 belikelya1551 haps1570 mayhappen1577 perhappen1578 possibly1600 not impossibly1667 ables1673 aunters1673 aiblins1720 p'rapsa1745 aunterens1825 mebbe1825 yes-no1898 yimkin1925 ja-nee1937 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 39 (MED) Thou schalt mowe senden hire a lettre, And, per cas, wryte more plein Than thou be Mowthe durstest sein. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 4002 If þou wolt, þei shul pase, And com not in his hond, percase. a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 42 (MED) Or, parcaas, he stireþ þee suche dedis to don þat þou þiselfe swiþe sore hatist & knowest it for yuel. a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) 535 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 561 That thou canst nat, parcas, a-nothir can. 1538 T. Wriothesly in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 110 I write this unto You bicause you may peraventur here sumwhat hereof, and the thing percase sinisterly interpreted. a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. A.v^v, in Whole Wks. (1587) Percase she came, this worthy Queene to serue. 1605 M. Sutcliffe Briefe Exam. Menacing & Disleal Petition 91 They woulde percase say the same of Scotland but that theire conscience told them contrary. 1701 F. Atterbury Additions to 1st Ed. Rights Eng. Convocation App. 17 Percase many Matters of the same Supplication have come..to Your Graces said Commons by Misinformation. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Parcaas, if so be. 1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Perkeease, or Percase, perchance. 1904 J. Payne Hamid the Luckless 4 Need or occasion hast thou aught, percase, Wherein thou wouldst employ me? †b. Qualifying a word or phrase independently. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [adverb] > perhaps is wenc897 wen isc897 peradventurec1300 peradventurec1325 perchancec1350 uphapa1375 percasea1393 lightly1395 in casea1398 maybea1400 may chancea1400 may-falla1400 may-fortunea1400 may-tidea1400 perhapa1464 happen1487 perhapsc1520 percase1523 ablea1525 by chance1526 mayhap1533 fortunea1535 belikelya1551 haps1570 mayhappen1577 perhappen1578 possibly1600 not impossibly1667 ables1673 aunters1673 aiblins1720 p'rapsa1745 aunterens1825 mebbe1825 yes-no1898 yimkin1925 ja-nee1937 1523 T. Wolsey Let. in R. Fiddes Life Wolsey (1724) Collect. 88 Reasonable offers..more regarded, than per-case the Qualities of the Person. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxi The one ploughe lande is lotted to the purparte of the one as percase to the yonger syster. 1600 J. Darrell Detection S. Harshnet 99 The Bp. had seene him doe his tricks before that time, yea, percase, oftentimes. †3. In a conditional clause (with if, except, lest, etc.): by any chance, as may happen, as may be the case, as is possible. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adverb] feringc1000 feringlya1300 by casec1300 chancefully1303 lotc1325 peradventurec1325 of chance1330 happilya1375 in hapa1375 upon hapsa1375 casuallyc1384 perchancec1387 chancely1389 by fortune1390 haplyc1390 by (also of) adventurea1393 percasea1393 adventurelyc1400 percase1402 accidently?a1425 adventurously1440 by (good, lucky, etc.) hap?a1450 accidentally1528 chanceably1559 bechance1569 chance1595 casual-wise1601 accidental1622 occasionally1622 fortuitouslya1652 contingently1668 by chance1669 chanceable1709 per-hazard1788 chance-wise1844 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [adverb] > by any chance peradventurec1325 percase1402 perchancea1425 perhapsc1520 anauntrins1676 by any chance1914 1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 164 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 298 If it happe men fynden par cas O womman fals, swich is good for tescheewe. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 808 Euery wyȝt ouȝte to compleyene, Þat lytel gylte schulde haue swyche vengeaunce, Except, parcas, þoruȝ goddys puruyaunce. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 17806 But yiff the wode, par cas or chaunce, Wer yhewe, or feld a-doun To-for ther convencion..Than..He peyseth..Hys long abydyng tyme and al. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 45/2 Yf shee bee percase so obstynate, and so preciselye sette vppon her own wyl, that [etc.]. 1575 W. Baldwin et al. Last Pt. Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Hastings xi Least thou differ, to thincke me kinde, per case. 1629 Bk. Meery Riddles 7 A man or woman..would be loath it were so Marry, percase if some woman wish such a wish to her husband. a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) III. 31 And if, percase..they sall not be able to fortifie their caus [etc.]. a1770 T. Chatterton Compl. Wks. (1971) I. 112 But if percase Tyme of hys dyre Envie, Shalle beate ytte to rude Walles and Throckes of Stone. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.c1390
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