per sen.³adv.

Brit.

/pəː ˈseɪ/, U.S.

/ˌpər ˈseɪ/

Forms: 1500s–1600s perse, 1500s– per se, 1600s perce.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin per sē.

Etymology: < classical Latin per sē by itself < per per prep. + sē itself, oneself (see note).The expression o per se o (see sense A. 1b) may perhaps represent an alteration of post-classical Latin operitio (in operitio ignis curfew (1570 in a British source) < operitio , variant of classical Latin opertiō action of covering ( < opert- , past participial stem of operīre to cover (see operculum n.) + -iō -ion suffix¹) + ignis , genitive of ignis fire: see ignite v.). Classical Latin sē (accusative), sibi (dative) is < the same Italic base as Oscan siom (accusative), sífeí (dative), Umbrian seso (dative) < the same Indo-European base as Gothic sik and the related Germanic pronominal forms cited at self pron.

A. n.³

a. A letter which by itself forms a word (A per se, I per se, O per se). Also allusively: a unique or incomparable person or thing. See also the letters A n., I n.¹, O n.¹ Now poetic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > naming letter or symbol standing for word

per se?a1505

a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 78 in Poems (1981) 113 The flour and A per se Of Troy and Grece.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) Prol. 8 Maist reuerend Virgill..Lantarn, laid stern, myrrour and A per se.

1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Aiii Some saye I am I perse I.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 226 I only, was compleat; I was I per se I; I was like a Rule, without exception.

?1628 J. Taylor Dog of War (title page) Printed by I perse I, for O perse O.

1943 L. Durrell Coll. Poems (1985) 57 I, per se I, I sing on.

b. Originally cant. O per se o: as a refrain. Now archaic and rare.Perhaps originally a call for curfew.

ΚΠ

1612 T. Dekker (title) O per se O. Or a new cryer of lanthorne and candle-light.

1668 F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue II. xiv. 129 Wilt thou a begging go, O per se o, o per se o.

1964 R. Graves Man does, Woman is 58 ‘O per se O, O per se O!’, The moribund grammarian cried.

2. A symbol which by itself stands for a word. and per se = ampersand n.; the symbol &. Now historical.In quot. 1596, punning on the name Pierce or Percy.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > character representing a word

per se1596

monogram1801

word-sign1842

word-symbol1852

word-type1866

letterword1927

logogram1933

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. G^v A per se, con per se, tittle, est, Amen!

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 36 & per se, con per se.

1602 T. Heywood How Man may chuse Good Wife E 2^v In processe of time I came to e perce e, and comperce, and tittle, then I got to a, e, i, o, u.

1709 W. King Misc. Prose & Verse 255 And per se And alone, as Poets use, The starving Dictates of my Rules pursues.

1846 B. R. Hall Something for Every Body x. 49 In contradiction to your folks of Somewhersburg, he will affirm that Smoothey taught the alphabet in twenty-six lessons, and the and-per-se in two.

1882 Longman's Mag. 1 95 ‘Ampussy and,’ that is, in full ‘and per se, and,’ is the name of the sign for the conjunction and, &, which used to be printed at the end of the alphabet.

1996 Independent 27 Jan. 16/3 Ampersand (&) derives from ‘and per se and’ so surely ‘@’ should be called ‘amperseat’.

2002 Scotsman (Nexis) 1 Oct. 3 The English name comes from the way English school children used to learn the alphabet. At the end, they would say ‘X, Y, Z, and per se and.’ The last part refers to the ‘&’ symbol, which is per se (by itself) the word ‘and’.

B. adv.

By or in itself, themselves, or (now rarely) himself or herself; without reference to anything (or anyone) else; intrinsically.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adverb] > without reference to anything else

nakedlya1425

absolutelyc1443

per se1574

lonely1664

an sich1846

1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. viii. 300 For they belong vnto God properly and per se, to man per accidens.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. ii. 15 They say hee is a very man per se and stands alone.

1681 T. Goodwin Wks. (1861) I. 165 For whatsoever hath any thing by way of participation, it is reducible to something that hath it per se, of itself.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) We say a Thing is considered Per se, when 'tis taken in the Abstract, and without Connexion with other things.

?1748 B. Franklin Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1751) 36 Air is an electric per se.

1853 T. I. Wharton Digest Cases Pennsylvania 473 A pigstye in a city is per se a nuisance.

1880 J. Payn Confid. Agent xlvi. 302 He thought of Matthew per se, and of the ruin he had brought upon himself as well as upon others.

1883 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 11 592 It was very questionable whether the words used were defamatory per se.

1934 Lancet 30 June 1377/1 The term ‘airman’ in the R.A.F...does not, per se, imply flying capacity.

1967 G. Lichtheim tr. G. W. F. Hegel Phenomenology of Mind 340 The individual no longer retains possession of himself per se, but lets the inner get right outside him, and surrenders it to something else.

1992 New Republic 13 July 4/3 Real conservatives do not reject homosexuality per se so much as they reject victimology.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	per se
释义	per sen.³adv. Brit. /pəː ˈseɪ/, U.S. /ˌpər ˈseɪ/ Forms: 1500s–1600s perse, 1500s– per se, 1600s perce. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin per sē. Etymology: < classical Latin per sē by itself < per per prep. + sē itself, oneself (see note).The expression o per se o (see sense A. 1b) may perhaps represent an alteration of post-classical Latin operitio (in operitio ignis curfew (1570 in a British source) < operitio , variant of classical Latin opertiō action of covering ( < opert- , past participial stem of operīre to cover (see operculum n.) + -iō -ion suffix¹) + ignis , genitive of ignis fire: see ignite v.). Classical Latin sē (accusative), sibi (dative) is < the same Italic base as Oscan siom (accusative), sífeí (dative), Umbrian seso (dative) < the same Indo-European base as Gothic sik and the related Germanic pronominal forms cited at self pron. A. n.³ 1. a. A letter which by itself forms a word (A per se, I per se, O per se). Also allusively: a unique or incomparable person or thing. See also the letters A n., I n.¹, O n.¹ Now poetic and rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > naming letter or symbol standing for word per se?a1505 a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 78 in Poems (1981) 113 The flour and A per se Of Troy and Grece. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) Prol. 8 Maist reuerend Virgill..Lantarn, laid stern, myrrour and A per se. 1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Aiii Some saye I am I perse I. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 226 I only, was compleat; I was I per se I; I was like a Rule, without exception. ?1628 J. Taylor Dog of War (title page) Printed by I perse I, for O perse O. 1943 L. Durrell Coll. Poems (1985) 57 I, per se I, I sing on. b. Originally cant. O per se o: as a refrain. Now archaic and rare.Perhaps originally a call for curfew. ΚΠ 1612 T. Dekker (title) O per se O. Or a new cryer of lanthorne and candle-light. 1668 F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue II. xiv. 129 Wilt thou a begging go, O per se o, o per se o. 1964 R. Graves Man does, Woman is 58 ‘O per se O, O per se O!’, The moribund grammarian cried. 2. A symbol which by itself stands for a word. and per se = ampersand n.; the symbol &. Now historical.In quot. 1596, punning on the name Pierce or Percy. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > character representing a word per se1596 monogram1801 word-sign1842 word-symbol1852 word-type1866 letterword1927 logogram1933 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. G^v A per se, con per se, tittle, est, Amen! 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 36 & per se, con per se. 1602 T. Heywood How Man may chuse Good Wife E 2^v In processe of time I came to e perce e, and comperce, and tittle, then I got to a, e, i, o, u. 1709 W. King Misc. Prose & Verse 255 And per se And alone, as Poets use, The starving Dictates of my Rules pursues. 1846 B. R. Hall Something for Every Body x. 49 In contradiction to your folks of Somewhersburg, he will affirm that Smoothey taught the alphabet in twenty-six lessons, and the and-per-se in two. 1882 Longman's Mag. 1 95 ‘Ampussy and,’ that is, in full ‘and per se, and,’ is the name of the sign for the conjunction and, &, which used to be printed at the end of the alphabet. 1996 Independent 27 Jan. 16/3 Ampersand (&) derives from ‘and per se and’ so surely ‘@’ should be called ‘amperseat’. 2002 Scotsman (Nexis) 1 Oct. 3 The English name comes from the way English school children used to learn the alphabet. At the end, they would say ‘X, Y, Z, and per se and.’ The last part refers to the ‘&’ symbol, which is per se (by itself) the word ‘and’. B. adv. By or in itself, themselves, or (now rarely) himself or herself; without reference to anything (or anyone) else; intrinsically. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adverb] > without reference to anything else nakedlya1425 absolutelyc1443 per se1574 lonely1664 an sich1846 1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. viii. 300 For they belong vnto God properly and per se, to man per accidens. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. ii. 15 They say hee is a very man per se and stands alone. View more context for this quotation 1681 T. Goodwin Wks. (1861) I. 165 For whatsoever hath any thing by way of participation, it is reducible to something that hath it per se, of itself. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) We say a Thing is considered Per se, when 'tis taken in the Abstract, and without Connexion with other things. ?1748 B. Franklin Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1751) 36 Air is an electric per se. 1853 T. I. Wharton Digest Cases Pennsylvania 473 A pigstye in a city is per se a nuisance. 1880 J. Payn Confid. Agent xlvi. 302 He thought of Matthew per se, and of the ruin he had brought upon himself as well as upon others. 1883 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 11 592 It was very questionable whether the words used were defamatory per se. 1934 Lancet 30 June 1377/1 The term ‘airman’ in the R.A.F...does not, per se, imply flying capacity. 1967 G. Lichtheim tr. G. W. F. Hegel Phenomenology of Mind 340 The individual no longer retains possession of himself per se, but lets the inner get right outside him, and surrenders it to something else. 1992 New Republic 13 July 4/3 Real conservatives do not reject homosexuality per se so much as they reject victimology. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.³adv.?a1505
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per sen.3adv.

per sen.³adv.