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单词 pennet
释义

pennetn.

Brit. /ˈpɛnɪt/, U.S. /ˈpɛnət/
Forms: Middle English pannette, Middle English penett, Middle English penette, 1500s pennite, 1500s pennutte, 1500s– pennet, 1800s– pennett; Scottish pre-1700 pennett, pre-1700 1700s– pennet.
Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: penide n., French pénide.
Etymology: Apparently a variant of penide n. (although attested slightly earlier) or of its etymon Middle French pénide, with alteration of the ending (compare -et suffix1); compare Middle French penites (15th cent.), Italian peneto, penneto, pennito (14th cent.; compare also post-classical Latin pinitus (14th cent. in a text from Modena)).The Middle English examples could alternatively be interpreted as showing an otherwise unattested variant of Anglo-Norman penides (see penide n.).
Now historical.
1. A piece or stick of barley sugar or a similar confection; = penide n. Usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for colds
pennet1337
penidea1400
alphenic1657
stewed quaker1785
coltsfoot stick1851
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > barley-sugar
pennet1337
sugar-penide1599
barley sugar1702
alphenic1775
barley-candy1883
1337 in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. (1934) 33 505 (MED) Item, in pannettes emptis et liberatis magistro R.
a1400 MS Sloane 282 in J. L. G. Mowat Alphita (1887) 139 Penidie, penetes.
1470–1 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 216 Penettes, 4 d.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 93v Take..of Dates, of Reysins, of Pennites of Sugar, of eche sixe ounces.
1597 Edinb. Test. XXXI. f. 176, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Pennet(t Sex pund wecht suger pennet price thairof xxxvj s.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xxi. 474 It serueth..for the making of almond milke, potage, pennets, marchpanes, and other such daintie deuises.
1621 Acct. Bk. J. Bell in Glasgow Herald (1864) June 25 12 lb. pennet at 14 stures the lb...12 lb. qt. candies..12 lb. pepper [etc.].
1645 Edinb. Test. LXI. f. 117v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Pennet(t Certane..sugarpennets..and casnik sugar.
1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. viii. 300 Seventeenth-century recipes recommended sugar candy or sugar mixed with powdered licorice, aniseeds and coriander seeds as cough cures; and pennet (the penidia of an earlier age) was made from the same ingredients, stiffened with gum tragacanth, formed into thin rolls and cut into pieces an inch long.
2. Formerly (esp. in northern England): a 19th cent. trade term for a toffee-like sweet flavoured with lemon, peppermint, etc.
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1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield Pennett, a kind of sweet, of the humbug species, cut in form like a double pyramid.
1887 Label from Confectioner's Shop, Durham (O.E.D. Archive) Lemon Pennets.
1999 L. Mason Sweets & Sweet Shops 12 Small pieces of clear dark sugar striped with white..were also called pennets, a name which hints at more ancient origins: it is a corruption, via medieval Latin, of Arabic al-fanid, which meant sugar worked until white.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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