| 释义 |
performv. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French performer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman parfourmer, parfourmir, parfurmer, performer, performir, perfourmer, parforner, parfourner, parfurner, perforner, perfourner, perfournir, Anglo-Norman and Middle French parfornir, parfournir, parfurnir (French parfournir , now only in legal use in sense ‘to contribute (something) in addition to or as a replacement for (something else)’) to carry out, execute (an action, a promise) (c1170 or earlier in Anglo-Norman; frequently in legal use with object ‘will’, ‘judgement’, or similar (1291 or earlier)), to achieve, complete, finish (an action, also a concrete piece of work, e.g. a song, a building) (c1300 or earlier in Old French (Picardy)), to make, provide (payments, etc.) (14th cent. or earlier), to act (a play) (15th cent. or earlier), to supply (what is wanting) (late 14th cent. or earlier) < par- , per- (see per- prefix) + fornir , fourner , fournir , furnir furnish v. The Anglo-Norman forms with medial -m- show alteration after former , fourmer , fourmir , furmer , furmir form v.1 or forme , fourme , furme form n. Compare post-classical Latin performare to carry out (13th cent.). Compare later perfurnish v.Sense 3 is apparently not paralleled in French. With sense 7b compare earlier perfurnish v. 3. I. To carry out. 1. the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect (a command, promise, plan, etc.) society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > do one's duty [verb (intransitive)] α. c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) 1341 in C. Horstmann (1875) 1st Ser. 45 (MED) Non of heom ne hadde no space To par fourmi heore manace. a1375 (c1350) (1867) 1558 (MED) Wenestow þat i wold his wille now parfourme? a1450 ( G. Chaucer Introd. 26 There be somme conclusions that wol not in alle thinges parformen her bihestes. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville (Caxton) (1859) i. xxi. 22 Yf it so were that he had ony tyme perfourmed his promysse. 1535 Psalms lx[i]. 8 Yt I maye daylie perfourme my vowes. 1600 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 90 You should refuse to performe your Fathers will, if you should refuse to accept him. View more context for this quotation 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius 385 He was not onely not able to perform his threats, but also unable to defend himself. 1728 E. Young 22 Our Fleet, if war, or commerce, call, His will performs. 1791 J. Sinclair I. 433 Bonnage is an obligation on the part of the tenant to cut down the proprietor's corn. This duty he must perform when called on. 1833 July 26 I know of no one better qualified to perform the task. 1848 E. Bryant ii. 21 Jacob..could not make the coffee-mill perform its appropriate duty. 1875 G. W. Dasent I. 148 Sigvald had..performed the first of the two conditions. 1913 T. Hardy 309 She performed her duties in her father's house with mechanical unconsciousness. 1995 L. Garrett (new ed.) xiii. 432 They performed services for the organisms that extended well beyond resisting antibiotics or attaining greater powers of infectiousness. the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > give what has been promised a1569 [implied in: A. Kingsmill (1580) ix. 51 The promise of the hoped and performed Saviour. (at performed adj.)]. 1582 in John xii. 19 (note) He [sc. the Holy Ghost] is promised and performed onely to the Church and chiefe gouernors and general councils thereof. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Sussex 107 Performing Life to those to whom he promised it. 2. the world > action or operation > doing > act or do [verb (intransitive)] the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (intransitive)] society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (intransitive)] > state of market or prices > fall or rise (of prices) a1382 (Bodl. 959) Kings viii. 17 Blessed þe lord god of israel, þat spac in his mowþ to dauiþ, my fader, & in þe hondis of hym parfoormede. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in (1848) II. 263 Thou may..see how potentlie God hath performed..in the aiges that have passed befoir us. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 267 Though he performe To th'vtmost of a man. View more context for this quotation 1696 N. Luttrell Diary in (1857) IV. 109 All their utensils and moulds..which performed with great dexterity. 1740 H. Bracken (ed. 2) II. iv. 84 Horses..that would perform better upon a Journey than such as eat twice the Quantity. 1858 H. Bushnell (1862) ii. 29 Paul found it present with him to will, but could not find how to perform. 1886 13 Mar. 11/2 Florin [sc. a racehorse]..performed most moderately. 1930 16 July 16/2 So well did Squires and Peach perform on the dead pitch that the Kent total of 317 was passed without the loss of another wicket. 1933 1 313 The success of these organizations in selecting stocks which performed better than the average. 1973 L. Rukeyser iv. 25 Make..each registered representative's compensation a function of how well his accounts have performed. 1991 22 Sept. 5/1 It's not just a dream around town. The AX is equally eager to perform out on the open road. 2002 Dec. 85/4 Large telecommunication stocks have not performed well. the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] α. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John v. 36 The workis that my fadir ȝaf to me that I performe hem, the ilke workis that I do. c1400 (?c1380) l. 406 Al..Par-formed alle þe penaunce þat þe prynce radde. 1447 O. Bokenham (Arun.) (1938) 893 (MED) Than fynt he hymself..More strong to performyn his iourne. 1526 W. Bonde i. sig. Eiiiv Let euery persone..go forthe strongly..performyng his pilgrimage to our lorde god. 1584 A. Barlowe in R. Hakluyt (1589) iii. 729 When wee came to the shoare to him with our weapons, he neuer mooued from his place..but sitting still, he beckoned vs to come, and sitte by him, which wee perfourmed. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus viii. 313 The inhabitants of Cairo..will promise much, but performe little. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iv. 76 Murthers haue bene perform'd Too terrible for the eare. 1617 F. Moryson iii. 271 They performe this office for three yeeres. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden 335 That Sea-Fight perform'd between the French Fleet..and the English Fleet. 1669 S. Sturmy i. ii. 36 To perform the foregoing Problem Arithmetically. 1770 W. Guthrie 120 It [sc. cricket] is performed by a person who..defends a wicket. 1797 A. M. Bennett VII. vii. 329 While this operation was performing [= being performed], another carriage was heard. 1799 23 Mar. 1/4 The Lazaretto where the French were performing quarantine. 1849 W. M. Thackeray (1850) I. xxviii. 269 I have had to go up and perform the agreeable to most of them. 1868 J. N. Lockyer (1879) ix. 319 The Moon's nodes perform a complete revolution in nineteen years. 1920 A. Carnegie x. 136 All the needed labour in preparing this statement he had performed at night unasked and unknown to us. 1993 (Univ. Toronto) Feb. 4/4 We are adults, so let us decide if we should wear seatbelts, get stoned, perform bizarre sexual acts, or put a bullet through our own heads. the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] α. a1382 (Bodl. 959) Prov. xvi. 30 Þe wicke man flatereþ his frend & ledeþ hym bi a weie not good..bitynge his lippis, parformeþ euel. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xvi. 173 Al þe witt of þis worlde..Can nat performen [c1400 B text confourmen; v.r. confourme] a pees of þe pope and of hus enemys. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius (Linc. Cathedral 103) 132 (MED) Þere is noþing þat..so performen may felicite. 1548 E. Gest sig. Div O holy Trinite performe that thys sacryfyce..may be acceptable to the. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 195 Hast thou, Spirit, Performd to point, the Tempest that I bad thee? View more context for this quotation 1700 L. Maidwell in C. R. L. Fletcher (1885) I. 313 This beneficial act..may perform the support of this..academy. 1774 W. Buchan (ed. 3) xliii. 488 A milk and vegetable diet..will often perform a cure. 1873 15 Mar. 374/2 In the ‘Odyssey’, we read of a cure performed by a song. 1883 Apr. 463/1 It was not the water but her silence which performed the cure. 1907 II. 592/1 He performed a wonderful cure of a boy who had a fishbone in his throat. 1980 12 June 1/1 We have peddled one patent medicine after another and they have no more performed a cure than the patter of a travelling quack. 2002 (Nexis) 21 July Its [sc. seaweed's] most brilliant effect is produced in stomach, liver, and kidney diseases, and the extraordinary cures it performs. 4. the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > formally c1390 G. Chaucer 456 Noght oonly thy laude precious Parfourned is by men of dignitee, But by the mouth of children thy bountee Parfourned is. 1592 T. Nashe sig. D3 They..bad him performe all the Schollerlike ceremonies and disputatiue right appertaining thereto. 1613 S. Purchas 62 They abhorred the killing of Kine, but performed much worship to them. 1652 21 Sept. 607 As the Execution was performing, there being an appearance of a fresh mutiny. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot i. 109 Four Churches..where Divine-Service is performed but once a year. 1748 T. Smollett II. lxiv. 306 Having performed the ceremony of ablution, I shifted. 1771 III. lxi. 112 All the time the ceremony was performing. 1846 C. Dickens (1848) iii. 16 The funeral..having been ‘performed’ to the entire satisfaction of the undertaker. 1872 J. L. Sanford 334 The mass performed by the priest at the altar. 1915 W. S. Maugham cxix. 630 ‘Now, let's go to The Jolly Sailor,’ said Athelny. ‘The rites of the day must be duly performed, and there is none more sacred than that.’ 1999 S. Rushdie (2000) xi. 318 Fire ceremonies and exorcisms are sonorously performed. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > perform [verb (transitive)] 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello 494 He had not seen a medley better performed. 1615 T. Heywood p. iv But for your sakes, this onely we dare say, We promist you, and wee'l performe a Play. a1668 W. Davenant Play-house to be Let iv. 109 in (1673) After this Song a Warlike Ayr is play'd, to which succeeds a Martial Dance, perform'd by four Peruvians, arm'd with Glaves. 1709 R. Steele No. 4. ⁋4 The Opera of Pyrrhus and Demetrius was performed with great Applause. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in IV. 447 Several..songs are performed. 1822 4 June 1/5 Mr. Yaniewicz will perform a solo on the violin. 1848 W. Whewell in I. Todhunter (1876) II. 343 His brother..had then just written a play which was performing at the Français. 1880 Sept. 798 We are able to witness a Passion Play performed with the devotion of the middle ages. 1938 6 168 The Moorish influence on the music of Spain did not consist as much in the importation of new scales and melodies as in the manner of performing music. 1966 G. Greene ii. ii. 194 During the two years of prosperity, I had watched, as a matter of duty, the Voodoo dances performed for tourists. 2002 8 Aug. 65/1 GWW students and faculty perform their poetry, fiction, songs, plays and more. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > acting > act [verb (transitive)] > a part or character 1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Ded. It befell to my lot..to performe the part of a French Oratour by a deducted speech in the same toong. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iii. 84 Brauely the figure of this Harpie, hast thou Perform'd (my Ariell). View more context for this quotation 1711 R. Steele No. 141. ⁋2 In Acting, barely to perform the Part is not commendable, but to be the least out is contemptible. 1779 No. 9. ⁋2 The part of Lear was to be performed by an actor who had studied the character under the English Roscius. 1805 W. Cooke I. 67 Foote himself performed the character of Buck at Drury-lane. 1864 8 Aug. 9/3 The music has never been sung so uniformly well..since Tamburini..first performed the part of Alphonso in England. 1922 M. Baring iii. 35 She let me perform the part of Dofia Sol one evening after tea in my mother's bedroom. 1980 4 Aug. c22/4 The young singer from Illinois has had some varied seasoning..performing the role of Ado Annie in ‘Oklahoma!’. 2001 19 Mar. 62/1 The play has 33 parts performed by fifteen actors. society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform music [verb (intransitive)] society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > acting > act [verb (intransitive)] 1724 23 Concerto Grosso, is the great or grand Chorus of the Consort, or those Places of the Concerto or Consort where all the several parts perform or play together. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler IV. 208 The vocal musicians, or singers,..perform even in private houses for money. 1836 E. W. Lane II. vii. 111 Players of low and ridiculous farces..called Mohhabbazee′n..frequently perform at the festivals prior to weddings and circumcisions. 1842 T. B. Macaulay Frederic the Great in (1887) 695 He..performed skilfully on the flute. 1903 23 Nov. 5/1 Much better adapted..to a soloist—whether performing on larynx, violin or piano. 1959 F. Astaire (1960) ii. 12 He did not long to perform himself, he had never acted or danced, but he played the piano and he enjoyed the theatre. 2000 R. J. Evans xi. 167 You perform in church halls and community centres up and down the valley. society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > play instrument [verb (transitive)] 1786 T. Busby at Master of Song To teach the children of the chapel-royal to sing, and to perform the organ. 1995 (Nexis) 12 June 5 The festival is designed for youngsters who perform violin, viola, cello, bass,..trombone, tuba and percussion instruments. 2002 (Nexis) 2 Apr. b5 Tomorrow, Harth will perform the violin in Pittsburgh for the first time in 10 years. the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > behave badly [verb (intransitive)] 1891 3 May 4/5 The ‘doing’ they get in the padded cells, and often in the associated cells, is explained to the doctor by the allegation that they ‘performed’. 1901 M. Franklin xix. 163 Bad~tempered is a tame name for it. You should have seen the dust he raised the other day with old Benson. He just did perform. 1959 S. J. Baker (1960) ix. 68 We say that a man performs when he is indulging in a frenzy of anger or vituperation. 2001 C. Chinn & S. Thorne 132 Our dad's 'ad too much t'drink and 'e's performing again! 1928 Oct. 398 It should perform very well and be interesting to play. †5. the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct c1395 G. Chaucer 2104 Vnnethe the fundement Parfourmed is, ne of our pauement Nys nat a tyle yet with inne oure wones. 1404 in J. Raine (1865) III. 26 They make, or elles performe, an hospitall..of syx or foure pore men atte leste, and a preste in chauntrie. 1463 in S. Tymms (1850) 43 That my executours perfoore [read performe] and do make Seynt Marie awter, Rysbygate, and ye cross. 1507 in J. Gage (1838) 145 Paid to Oliuer Mason for..performing a dore. c1515 Estimate, Tymbre: Remayneth in store of former provision ynowgh redy spoyled to perfourme all the saide Stalles and Rodelofte. 1610 Performed by Iohn Speede and are to be sold in Popes head Alley. 1698 J. Toland iii. iv. 130 I have quoted several in the 2d Chapter of the second Section, to speak nothing of what I perform'd in the foregoing Chapter of the present Section. 1711 W. Sutherland 6 A Ship..may be as well performed as such large Buildings. 1774 J. Bryant II. 442 A garland..of Mosaic, or inlaid work, and not ill performed. society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > follow occupation of writer [verb (intransitive)] > compose 1703 S. Parker tr. Eusebius vi. 107 Hyppolitus..another of the Writers of that time,..perform'd upon the Six Days-Creation, and upon part of the Sacred History immediately following it. 6. the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have sexual intercourse 1902 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley V. 173/2 Perform,..to copulate. 1979 J. Scott i. 10 Frankie had..[put] her in charge of one of his brothels... She did a good job, but never performed herself. 2003 13 Jan. 22/1 It's hard to perform, or to persuade your spouse to try, when you're worried about the mortgage. the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > [verb (intransitive)] 1963 M. McCarthy xiv. 323 On the rare occasions when—by pure chance..—he ‘performed’, she moderated her pantomime of approval. 1980 J. B. Hilton xiii. 132 I was taking my dog out to do his duty... I was waiting for Nelson to make up his mind to perform. 1996 D. W. Brown (Teach Yourself Ser.) xii. 183 Do not put your children under pressure to ‘perform’ on the toilet. †II. To complete, finish. 7. the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)] > complete, fill up, or make up > by supplying what is wanting α. a1382 (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings ix. 1 Salamon hadde parformed þe bildyng of þe hous of þe lord. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer (1987) iii. 417 This grete emprise, Perfourme it out. c1450 (1904) I. 159 Þer chiftan..chargid hym to perform at he had begon. 1535 1 Chron. xxviii. C Ioab..had begonne to nombre them, and perfourmed it not. 1589 R. Lane in R. Hakluyt 321 That which was to performe all his former liberality towards vs, was that he had gotten the full assents of two..experimented Masters..to tary with me. 1620 T. Granger 32 Confirmed by appetite, or affection, performed by nature, and outward adiuuants. α. a1450 ( G. Chaucer ii. §10. 16 Than shal the remenaunt that levith parforme the houre inequale by night. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. lxxxiiii. f. xxxiiv Then to furnysshe or perfourme the Story of Vortiger nedefull it is or necssary [sic] to retourne to the matier where we before laft. 1530 in N. H. Nicolas (1827) 26 Delivered..to performe up A somme .xls. 1537 in J. Strype (1721) I. App. lxxxviii. 229 That the sacrament of Confirmation is a sacrament performing the sacrament of Baptism. the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > what is wanting c1515 Ld. Berners tr. (1882–7) cli. 576 The emperour..sayd ‘my ryght dere doughter,..god parfourme [Fr. dieu vueille parfaire] in you that fayleth; as for beaulte ye fayle not’..‘syr’ quod Huon, ‘I pray to god to parfourme [Fr. dieu y vueille parfaire] that she wantethe’. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More sig. Kiiii The lacke of the one is performed and fylled vp with the aboundaunce of the other. 8. the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > the making of something a1382 (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings vi. 38 Þe hous parfoormed is in al his werk, & in alle his necessaryes; & he bildide it vp in seuene ȝeer. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich xliv. 191 (MED) Whanne the towr performed Is, thanne schal it be Clepid..the towr Of Merveilles. 1480 (Caxton) (1964) 31 Donaas the doblet maker Hath performed [Fr. parfaicte] my doublet. 1494 in F. W. Weaver (1901) 323 To performe my bed abovesaid a paire of shetes owte of my cofer. 1535 Ecclus. Prol. I laboured and dyd my best to perfourme this boke. 1611 in D. Macgibbon & T. Ross (1892) V. 5 To big and performe to the said George..ane hous ane jame turnpyiks [etc.]. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament > trim or deck out 1420 in F. J. Furnivall (1882) 46 A dosen of peutre vessell performyd. 1483 Wardrobe Acct. in (1807) I. 40 The furr of the same trappour perfourmed with xxij ermyn bakks. 1530 in F. W. Weaver (1890) 18 Half a dossyn of pewter vessells performyd. 1558 in M. Cash (1966) 2 5 dosen of pewter vessell performyd £5. 1612 Warrant to Greate Wardrobe in f. 27 Riche white florence cloth of siluer to make one Gowne for a bride mayden & to performe another. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  v.c1300 |
