penitentialn.adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛnᵻˈtɛnʃl/, U.S.

/ˌpɛnəˈtɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/

Forms: Old English penitentialis, early Middle English penitencialis, Middle English penitencial, 1500s penytencyal, 1500s penytencyall, 1500s penytentiall, 1500s penytentyall, 1500s–1600s penitentiall, 1500s–1600s poenitentiall, 1600s paenitentiall, 1600s poenitential, 1600s– penitential.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin paenitentialis; French penitenciel.

Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin paenitentialis, penitentialis (noun) manual for priests hearing confessions (9th cent. in British and continental sources; also as paenitentiale , neuter), person doing penance (12th cent. in British and continental sources; already 6th cent. denoting a priest in charge of penitents), (adjective) relating to penance (8th cent. in psalmi paenitentiales (see below), 9th cent. in liber paenitentialis ) < classical Latin paenitentia , poenitentia penitence n. + -ālis -al suffix¹; subsequently reinforced by Middle French penitenciel (1356 as adjective; French pénitentiel (1690 as noun)).In Old English and early Middle English used with Latin case inflections.

A. n.

1. Ecclesiastical Law. A book containing in codified form the canons of the Church on the hearing of confessions and the imposition of appropriate penances; a manual for priests hearing confessions.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > service book (general) > [noun] > concerning penance

penitentialOE

confession1530

penitentiary1846

OE Ælfric 1st Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr. 190) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 126 Mæssepreost sceal habban mæsseboc and pistelboc, and sangboc and rædingboc and saltere and handboc, and penitentialem and gerim.

OE Confessionale Pseudo-Egberti (Junius) 172 We ræddon on ðam Penitentiale þæt man sceolde don dædbote for heafodlicum gyltum gear oððe twa oððe þreo on hlafe and on wætere.

a1300 ( Indulgence of Bp. Lifing, Crediton, Devon in Britannica: M. Förster zum Sechzigsten Geburtstage (1929) 118 Þay ȝeuenisse..bi-tende into cridiamtones ministre..hich habbe out-igadere[d] of bokes fale and ido in on oþere masse-boc..And in on oþer boke þat hatte penitencialis bodde to hourde.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 76 Theodorus þe First..was pope sex ȝere. He mad a book whech is cleped Penitencial, where confessoures may lerne what penauns þei schal gyue.

?1566 in tr. Ælfric's Testimonie Antiq. Pref. sig. ¶*. iij Amonge other cannons that they collected..out of the bookes of Gildas, out of the pœnitentialls of Theodorus Archbyshop of Canterburye.

1618 J. Selden Hist. Tithes vii. 169 A Penitential made for direction of Priests in auricular Confession.

1651 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Dying v. §5. 283 This advice was inserted into the penitential of England in the time of Theodore Arch-Bishop of Canterbury.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1790) XI. lviii. 16 This mode of legislation was invented by the Greeks: their penitentials were translated, or imitated, in the Latin Church.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. vii. 204 The Anglo-Saxon Canons and Penitentials of the tenth century are in great part translations.

1907 Catholic Encycl. II. 361/2 In the eighth century the penitentials, or rule books relating to penitents, prescribed various penances of twenty, fifty, or more, paters.

1973 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 558 The Celtic penitentials were brought to the continent of Europe by missionary monks at a very early date.

2002 Free Inq. Summer 18/2 Homoeroticism was widespread in the monastic life, as indicated by the penitentials.

†2. In plural. Short for penitential psalms n. at Compounds. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > kinds of psalm > seven penitential > [noun]

sept psaumesc1300

penitentialsc1450

penitential psalms1508

society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious order > other religions > Penitentiary > [noun] > collectively

penitentialsc1450

penitenta1500

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > psalm > selection from psalms > specific

sept psaumesc1300

penitentialsc1450

penitential psalms1508

gradual psalms1656

c1450 (?c1425) E. Hull tr. Seven Psalms (1995) 9 And ther-for he prayd to God and seyd Domine ne in furore tuo etc. in this psalme that ys the fyrst of vij penitencialis.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 143 That of David in the chiefe of his Penitentialls, Wash mee with hyssope, &c.

a1699 T. Comber Hist. Liturgies in Compan. Temple (1702) II. 14 The..words of the li. Psalm, or some other of the Penitentials.

†3. A member of an order of penitents; = penitent adj. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious order > other religions > Penitentiary > [noun]

penitentiary1631

penitential1632

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 15 At St. Peters Pallace..there meete 21. pilgrimes; 14. from the Trinity..and seuen from St. Peters Penitentialls.

†4. A person performing or undergoing penance, a penitent. Also humorously: a prisoner. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun]

prisona1225

prisonerc1384

enpresonéc1425

bird1580

warder1584

canary bird1593

penitentiala1633

convict1786

chum1819

lag1819

lagger1819

new chum1819

nut-brown1835

collegian1837

canary1840

Sydney duck1873

forty1879

zebra1882

con1893

yardbird1956

zek1968

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > [noun] > person undergoing

penantc1330

repentantc1390

penitenta1425

penancera1500

repenter1543

penitentiary1563

shrift child1568

penitentionary1577

contritea1600

penitencerc1600

confessanta1603

shriveling1603

confitent1606

confessary1608

penitentiala1633

confessionaire1747

mourner1807

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun] > one who repents

penantc1330

penitentc1390

repentantc1390

repenter1543

contritea1600

ruera1628

penitentiala1633

a1633 Visct. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 16 Such melancholy Meditations are deemed a fit food for Penitentials, rather than a necessary reflection for the full stomack of Regal Authority.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. i. 59 Then in their Robes the Penitentials, Are streight presented with Credentials.

1797 Duke of Rutland Jrnl. 2 Aug. in Tour N. & S. Wales (1805) 28 One side..is inhabited by the debtors, another by the first and second class of felons, and a third by the convicted, or, as the governor called them, the penitentials, or those who had been sentenced to hard labour, transportation, etc.

1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 23 413 A cathedral in which a hundred thousand penitentials might have prayed.

5. In plural. The signs, utterances, or behaviour of a penitent; expressions of penitence or apology. Also (colloquial): mourning garments, black clothes. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific purpose > mourning

clothes, habit, weeds of dole1388

clothing of carea1400

blacka1425

mourning blacka1425

mourningc1450

weedsc1485

dolec1500

care-weed?1507

sables1603

wailing robesa1616

mournings1634

penitentials1679

dismals1748

weedery1908

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun] > appearance or demeanour of repentance

penitentials1751

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > [noun] > person undergoing > behaviour of

penitentials1751

1679 J. Somerville Memorie Somervilles (1815) II. 390 If ther ill-staited quarrell came to be decyded by the sword..they would be put to ther penitentialls and soe losse ther reputatione with the people.

1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 74 The next Morning they are at their Penitentials again.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. liii. 317 How odious does sorrow make an ugly face!—Thine, Jack, and this old beldam's, in penitentials, instead of moving compassion, must evermore confirm hatred.

1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless III. xviii. 222 (heading) Displays Miss Betsy in her penitentials.

1805 E. Clark Banks of Douro II. 146 During this interval Lord Oswell was quite in his penitentials, intreating..his dear angel to return.

1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. iv. 45 Joe..emerged from his room..in a full suit of Sunday penitentials.

1987 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Oct. c29/1 What was I up to with my spilt-milk penitentials and public-domain regrets?

B. adj.

1. Relating to, expressive of, or constituting ecclesiastical or religious penance; of the nature of a penance. Also in extended use.Recorded earliest in penitential psalms: see sense A. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > [adjective]

penitentialOE

penitentc1450

penitentiary1577

OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) in Englische Studien (1886) 9 295 Syððan he gange to þam þriddan oratione, þære he singe þa twegen æftemestan penitentiales sealmas.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 75 (MED) And these remissiouns of penitencial fastyngis are seen to be commendable ȝif they be kepte louyngly for tyme, stede, and encheson.

1546 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. f. 37^v Theodorus..publyshed a serten boke of hys owne makynge, called A penytencyall summe.

1625 J. Mede Let. 18 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 200 The Popes Legate, who came thither to impose upon her I know not what penitential Confession for sixteen..days, for consenting to marry our King without the Pope's dispensation.

1781 W. Cowper Truth 95 Of all his conduct this the genuine sense—My penitential stripes, my streaming blood, Have purchas'd Heaven, and prove my title good.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xiii. 220 There is—there is..deep, black, damning guilt,..guilt, that all the penitential fires of hereafter cannot cleanse.

1884 H. James En Province in Atlantic Monthly Feb. 220/2 Streets..paved with villainous little sharp stones, making all exercise penitential.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 717/2 Abd-Allah imposed a penitential scourging on all converts as a purification.

1991 R. Schwartz tr. I. B. Singer Scum ii. 88 He urged his son to do penance, especially in the month of Elul, when..Jews go to say their penitential prayers in anticipation of the High Holidays.

2. gen. Of, relating to, or indicative of repentance; characterized by penitence.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [adjective]

penitentiala1538

repentanta1542

penitent1574

contritional1648

penitentiary1795

compunctionary1857

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > [adjective]

under or in shriftc1175

repentantc1230

contritea1340

penitent1341

contrited1483

penitentiala1538

repentable1571

remorsed1579

remorseful1590

repent1598

remording1614

repentive1620

contritional1648

penitentiary1795

a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 55, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Penitentiall This man lewit a hard and penitentiall life with his dochteris.

1606 No-body & Some-body sig. E2 I know his penitentiall words proceede From a remorcefull spirit.

1638 A. Cowley Loves Riddle iii. sig. C3 When you have shed some penitentiall teares For wronging of Palæmon.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 139. ⁋9 Samson, touched with this reproach, makes a reply equally penitential and pious.

1798 M. Wollstonecraft Maria x. 27 I had during my absence, received several affectionate, penitential letters from him.

1849 F. W. Faber Jesus & Mary 6 I..worship Thee with trembling hope And penitential tears.

1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. x. 159 If they would serve their fellowmen, let them do it by making manifest the power and reality of conscience, in constraining them to penitential self-abasement!

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles II. xxxii. 143 This penitential mood kept her from naming the wedding-day.

1919 E. Wharton French Ways vii. iii. 135 The word [sc. ascetic]..has come, in modern speech, to have a narrower and a penitential meaning.

1993 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 23 Sept. c13 Mr. Gore's songs are steeped in pop tradition... Yet the songs have a penitential tone. They are hymns to guilty consciences and death-defying risks.

Compounds

penitential psalms n. [after post-classical Latin psalmi paenitentiales (8th cent.); compare Middle French, French psaumes pénitentiaux (1534)] the name given to seven psalms (6, 32 (31 in the Vulgate), 38 (37), 51 (50), 102 (101), 130 (129), and 143 (142)) expressing penitence.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > kinds of psalm > seven penitential > [noun]

sept psaumesc1300

penitentialsc1450

penitential psalms1508

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > psalm > selection from psalms > specific

sept psaumesc1300

penitentialsc1450

penitential psalms1508

gradual psalms1656

OEPenitentiales sealmes [see sense B. 1].

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 75 (MED) And ȝif he be a clerk, let hym sey yche day seven psalmes penitencial.

1508 Bp. J. Fisher (title) This treatise concernynge the fruytfull saynges of Dauyd the kynge & prophete in the seuen penytencyall psalmes.

1658 R. Allestree Pract. Christian Graces; or, Whole Duty of Man Priv. Devot. 611 This Penitential Psalm [li.] may also fitly be used.

1753 R. Challoner Catholick Christian Instructed 143 The Priest with the Assistants recites the Penitential Psalm, Miserere.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Penitential Psalms,..Possidius tells us that St. Augustine, when dying, caused the penitential psalms, which are few in number, to be fixed on the wall opposite his bed. Probably our penitential psalms are meant.

1988 Music & Lett. 69 561 As with the penitential psalms composed expressly for performance in court circles, Wilhelm regarded five of the Magnificats as private music.

penitential robe n. a robe worn by a public penitent.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [noun] > penitential garment

hairec825

cilicec950

sackc1000

hauberkc1305

habergeonc1386

sackclotha1400

shirt of hair1527

shriving cloth1534

haircloth1548

sanbenito1568

white sheet1570

penitential robea1625

sack gown1693

samarra1731

hair-shirt1737

repentance-gown1896

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > [noun] > garment of

hairec825

cilicec950

sackc1000

hauberkc1305

habergeonc1386

sackclotha1400

shirt of hair1527

shriving cloth1534

haircloth1548

sanbenito1568

white sheet1570

penitential robea1625

sack gown1693

samarra1731

hair-shirt1737

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) 46 Put this on, a penitential robe, to purge thy pleasures: off with that vanitie.

1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) iii. 83 In penitential robes, with candle in his hand, and words of submission in his mouth.

2001 Financial Times (Nexis) 20 Dec. 22 In her last hours of freedom before donning the penitential robe and hood, she potters on the beach.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	penitential
释义	penitentialn.adj. Brit. /ˌpɛnᵻˈtɛnʃl/, U.S. /ˌpɛnəˈtɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/ Forms: Old English penitentialis, early Middle English penitencialis, Middle English penitencial, 1500s penytencyal, 1500s penytencyall, 1500s penytentiall, 1500s penytentyall, 1500s–1600s penitentiall, 1500s–1600s poenitentiall, 1600s paenitentiall, 1600s poenitential, 1600s– penitential. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin paenitentialis; French penitenciel. Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin paenitentialis, penitentialis (noun) manual for priests hearing confessions (9th cent. in British and continental sources; also as paenitentiale , neuter), person doing penance (12th cent. in British and continental sources; already 6th cent. denoting a priest in charge of penitents), (adjective) relating to penance (8th cent. in psalmi paenitentiales (see below), 9th cent. in liber paenitentialis ) < classical Latin paenitentia , poenitentia penitence n. + -ālis -al suffix¹; subsequently reinforced by Middle French penitenciel (1356 as adjective; French pénitentiel (1690 as noun)).In Old English and early Middle English used with Latin case inflections. A. n. 1. Ecclesiastical Law. A book containing in codified form the canons of the Church on the hearing of confessions and the imposition of appropriate penances; a manual for priests hearing confessions. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > service book (general) > [noun] > concerning penance penitentialOE confession1530 penitentiary1846 OE Ælfric 1st Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr. 190) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 126 Mæssepreost sceal habban mæsseboc and pistelboc, and sangboc and rædingboc and saltere and handboc, and penitentialem and gerim. OE Confessionale Pseudo-Egberti (Junius) 172 We ræddon on ðam Penitentiale þæt man sceolde don dædbote for heafodlicum gyltum gear oððe twa oððe þreo on hlafe and on wætere. a1300 ( Indulgence of Bp. Lifing, Crediton, Devon in Britannica: M. Förster zum Sechzigsten Geburtstage (1929) 118 Þay ȝeuenisse..bi-tende into cridiamtones ministre..hich habbe out-igadere[d] of bokes fale and ido in on oþere masse-boc..And in on oþer boke þat hatte penitencialis bodde to hourde. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 76 Theodorus þe First..was pope sex ȝere. He mad a book whech is cleped Penitencial, where confessoures may lerne what penauns þei schal gyue. ?1566 in tr. Ælfric's Testimonie Antiq. Pref. sig. ¶. iij Amonge other cannons that they collected..out of the bookes of Gildas, out of the pœnitentialls of Theodorus Archbyshop of Canterburye. 1618 J. Selden Hist. Tithes* vii. 169 A Penitential made for direction of Priests in auricular Confession. 1651 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Dying v. §5. 283 This advice was inserted into the penitential of England in the time of Theodore Arch-Bishop of Canterbury. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1790) XI. lviii. 16 This mode of legislation was invented by the Greeks: their penitentials were translated, or imitated, in the Latin Church. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. vii. 204 The Anglo-Saxon Canons and Penitentials of the tenth century are in great part translations. 1907 Catholic Encycl. II. 361/2 In the eighth century the penitentials, or rule books relating to penitents, prescribed various penances of twenty, fifty, or more, paters. 1973 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 558 The Celtic penitentials were brought to the continent of Europe by missionary monks at a very early date. 2002 Free Inq. Summer 18/2 Homoeroticism was widespread in the monastic life, as indicated by the penitentials. †2. In plural. Short for penitential psalms n. at Compounds. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > kinds of psalm > seven penitential > [noun] sept psaumesc1300 penitentialsc1450 penitential psalms1508 society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious order > other religions > Penitentiary > [noun] > collectively penitentialsc1450 penitenta1500 society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > psalm > selection from psalms > specific sept psaumesc1300 penitentialsc1450 penitential psalms1508 gradual psalms1656 c1450 (?c1425) E. Hull tr. Seven Psalms (1995) 9 And ther-for he prayd to God and seyd Domine ne in furore tuo etc. in this psalme that ys the fyrst of vij penitencialis. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 143 That of David in the chiefe of his Penitentialls, Wash mee with hyssope, &c. a1699 T. Comber Hist. Liturgies in Compan. Temple (1702) II. 14 The..words of the li. Psalm, or some other of the Penitentials. †3. A member of an order of penitents; = penitent adj. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious order > other religions > Penitentiary > [noun] penitentiary1631 penitential1632 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 15 At St. Peters Pallace..there meete 21. pilgrimes; 14. from the Trinity..and seuen from St. Peters Penitentialls. †4. A person performing or undergoing penance, a penitent. Also humorously: a prisoner. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] prisona1225 prisonerc1384 enpresonéc1425 bird1580 warder1584 canary bird1593 penitentiala1633 convict1786 chum1819 lag1819 lagger1819 new chum1819 nut-brown1835 collegian1837 canary1840 Sydney duck1873 forty1879 zebra1882 con1893 yardbird1956 zek1968 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > [noun] > person undergoing penantc1330 repentantc1390 penitenta1425 penancera1500 repenter1543 penitentiary1563 shrift child1568 penitentionary1577 contritea1600 penitencerc1600 confessanta1603 shriveling1603 confitent1606 confessary1608 penitentiala1633 confessionaire1747 mourner1807 society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun] > one who repents penantc1330 penitentc1390 repentantc1390 repenter1543 contritea1600 ruera1628 penitentiala1633 a1633 Visct. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 16 Such melancholy Meditations are deemed a fit food for Penitentials, rather than a necessary reflection for the full stomack of Regal Authority. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. i. 59 Then in their Robes the Penitentials, Are streight presented with Credentials. 1797 Duke of Rutland Jrnl. 2 Aug. in Tour N. & S. Wales (1805) 28 One side..is inhabited by the debtors, another by the first and second class of felons, and a third by the convicted, or, as the governor called them, the penitentials, or those who had been sentenced to hard labour, transportation, etc. 1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 23 413 A cathedral in which a hundred thousand penitentials might have prayed. 5. In plural. The signs, utterances, or behaviour of a penitent; expressions of penitence or apology. Also (colloquial): mourning garments, black clothes. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific purpose > mourning clothes, habit, weeds of dole1388 clothing of carea1400 blacka1425 mourning blacka1425 mourningc1450 weedsc1485 dolec1500 care-weed?1507 sables1603 wailing robesa1616 mournings1634 penitentials1679 dismals1748 weedery1908 society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun] > appearance or demeanour of repentance penitentials1751 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > [noun] > person undergoing > behaviour of penitentials1751 1679 J. Somerville Memorie Somervilles (1815) II. 390 If ther ill-staited quarrell came to be decyded by the sword..they would be put to ther penitentialls and soe losse ther reputatione with the people. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 74 The next Morning they are at their Penitentials again. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. liii. 317 How odious does sorrow make an ugly face!—Thine, Jack, and this old beldam's, in penitentials, instead of moving compassion, must evermore confirm hatred. 1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless III. xviii. 222 (heading) Displays Miss Betsy in her penitentials. 1805 E. Clark Banks of Douro II. 146 During this interval Lord Oswell was quite in his penitentials, intreating..his dear angel to return. 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. iv. 45 Joe..emerged from his room..in a full suit of Sunday penitentials. 1987 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Oct. c29/1 What was I up to with my spilt-milk penitentials and public-domain regrets? B. adj. 1. Relating to, expressive of, or constituting ecclesiastical or religious penance; of the nature of a penance. Also in extended use.Recorded earliest in penitential psalms: see sense A. 4. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > [adjective] penitentialOE penitentc1450 penitentiary1577 OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) in Englische Studien (1886) 9 295 Syððan he gange to þam þriddan oratione, þære he singe þa twegen æftemestan penitentiales sealmas. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 75 (MED) And these remissiouns of penitencial fastyngis are seen to be commendable ȝif they be kepte louyngly for tyme, stede, and encheson. 1546 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. f. 37^v Theodorus..publyshed a serten boke of hys owne makynge, called A penytencyall summe. 1625 J. Mede Let. 18 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 200 The Popes Legate, who came thither to impose upon her I know not what penitential Confession for sixteen..days, for consenting to marry our King without the Pope's dispensation. 1781 W. Cowper Truth 95 Of all his conduct this the genuine sense—My penitential stripes, my streaming blood, Have purchas'd Heaven, and prove my title good. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xiii. 220 There is—there is..deep, black, damning guilt,..guilt, that all the penitential fires of hereafter cannot cleanse. 1884 H. James En Province in Atlantic Monthly Feb. 220/2 Streets..paved with villainous little sharp stones, making all exercise penitential. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 717/2 Abd-Allah imposed a penitential scourging on all converts as a purification. 1991 R. Schwartz tr. I. B. Singer Scum ii. 88 He urged his son to do penance, especially in the month of Elul, when..Jews go to say their penitential prayers in anticipation of the High Holidays. 2. gen. Of, relating to, or indicative of repentance; characterized by penitence. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [adjective] penitentiala1538 repentanta1542 penitent1574 contritional1648 penitentiary1795 compunctionary1857 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > [adjective] under or in shriftc1175 repentantc1230 contritea1340 penitent1341 contrited1483 penitentiala1538 repentable1571 remorsed1579 remorseful1590 repent1598 remording1614 repentive1620 contritional1648 penitentiary1795 a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 55, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Penitentiall This man lewit a hard and penitentiall life with his dochteris. 1606 No-body & Some-body sig. E2 I know his penitentiall words proceede From a remorcefull spirit. 1638 A. Cowley Loves Riddle iii. sig. C3 When you have shed some penitentiall teares For wronging of Palæmon. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 139. ⁋9 Samson, touched with this reproach, makes a reply equally penitential and pious. 1798 M. Wollstonecraft Maria x. 27 I had during my absence, received several affectionate, penitential letters from him. 1849 F. W. Faber Jesus & Mary 6 I..worship Thee with trembling hope And penitential tears. 1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. x. 159 If they would serve their fellowmen, let them do it by making manifest the power and reality of conscience, in constraining them to penitential self-abasement! 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles II. xxxii. 143 This penitential mood kept her from naming the wedding-day. 1919 E. Wharton French Ways vii. iii. 135 The word [sc. ascetic]..has come, in modern speech, to have a narrower and a penitential meaning. 1993 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 23 Sept. c13 Mr. Gore's songs are steeped in pop tradition... Yet the songs have a penitential tone. They are hymns to guilty consciences and death-defying risks. Compounds penitential psalms n. [after post-classical Latin psalmi paenitentiales (8th cent.); compare Middle French, French psaumes pénitentiaux (1534)] the name given to seven psalms (6, 32 (31 in the Vulgate), 38 (37), 51 (50), 102 (101), 130 (129), and 143 (142)) expressing penitence. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > kinds of psalm > seven penitential > [noun] sept psaumesc1300 penitentialsc1450 penitential psalms1508 society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > psalm > selection from psalms > specific sept psaumesc1300 penitentialsc1450 penitential psalms1508 gradual psalms1656 OEPenitentiales sealmes [see sense B. 1]. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 75 (MED) And ȝif he be a clerk, let hym sey yche day seven psalmes penitencial. 1508 Bp. J. Fisher (title) This treatise concernynge the fruytfull saynges of Dauyd the kynge & prophete in the seuen penytencyall psalmes. 1658 R. Allestree Pract. Christian Graces; or, Whole Duty of Man Priv. Devot. 611 This Penitential Psalm [li.] may also fitly be used. 1753 R. Challoner Catholick Christian Instructed 143 The Priest with the Assistants recites the Penitential Psalm, Miserere. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Penitential Psalms,..Possidius tells us that St. Augustine, when dying, caused the penitential psalms, which are few in number, to be fixed on the wall opposite his bed. Probably our penitential psalms are meant. 1988 Music & Lett. 69 561 As with the penitential psalms composed expressly for performance in court circles, Wilhelm regarded five of the Magnificats as private music. penitential robe n. a robe worn by a public penitent. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [noun] > penitential garment hairec825 cilicec950 sackc1000 hauberkc1305 habergeonc1386 sackclotha1400 shirt of hair1527 shriving cloth1534 haircloth1548 sanbenito1568 white sheet1570 penitential robea1625 sack gown1693 samarra1731 hair-shirt1737 repentance-gown1896 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > [noun] > garment of hairec825 cilicec950 sackc1000 hauberkc1305 habergeonc1386 sackclotha1400 shirt of hair1527 shriving cloth1534 haircloth1548 sanbenito1568 white sheet1570 penitential robea1625 sack gown1693 samarra1731 hair-shirt1737 a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) 46 Put this on, a penitential robe, to purge thy pleasures: off with that vanitie. 1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) iii. 83 In penitential robes, with candle in his hand, and words of submission in his mouth. 2001 Financial Times (Nexis) 20 Dec. 22 In her last hours of freedom before donning the penitential robe and hood, she potters on the beach. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.OE
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