penetrationn.

Brit.

/ˌpɛnᵻˈtreɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English penetracioun, 1500s– penetration.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pénétration; Latin penetrātiōn-, penetrātiō.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French pénétration (1374 in sense ‘act of penetrating’, 1654 in sense ‘discernment’; also in Middle French as penetracion (c1377)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin penetrātiōn-, penetrātiō action of piercing (2nd cent. in Apuleius), in post-classical Latin also action of understanding (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine) < penetrāt- , past participial stem of penetrāre penetrate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan penetratio (c1350; Occitan penetracion), Spanish penetración (14th cent. as penetraçion), Italian penetrazione (c1350).

a. The action, or an act, of penetrating, piercing, or passing into or through something. Occasionally also: permeation, as of one fluid by another.In quot. ?a1425 concrete: the place where a wound penetrates a bodily organ or cavity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > [noun] > penetration

penetration?a1425

penetrance1600

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > together

confluxion1583

conflux1609

confluvium1670

penetration1800

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 127 (MED) Do þus to þu see þe penetracioun openlie, and continue þi diffensiue euermore aboute þe wounde; & when þe penetracioun scheweþ openlie, clense þe wounde.

1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke 127 The Sun..warmeth all thinges, yet in deeper penetration of one thing more then another.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Penetration, a piercing.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 585 His Magnetic beam,..to each inward part With gentle penetration, though unseen, Shoots invisible vertue even to the deep.

1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 241 Two fluids of unequal density are brought into contact, and unite by mutual penetration.

1826 R. Scott Hayling Island 95 Curiosity..has never induced the proprietor..to descend below the penetrations of the ploughshare.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. App. 301 It became my duty..to attempt the penetration of this ice.

1990 A. S. Trenhaile Geomorphol. Canada vii. 120 The thin and discontinuous snowcover of the High Arctic allows deep penetration of the ground by frost.

b. The insertion of the penis, or a penis-like object, into the vagina or anus in copulation or another sexual act.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > penetration

rem in re1568

penetration1613

1613 J. Chamberlain Let. 9 Sept. (1939) I. 475 What would you say yf you shold heare a churchman in open audience demaund of him..whether he had affection, erection, application, penetration, ejaculation.

1729 G. Jacob New Law-dict. at Rape of women There must be Penetration and Emission, to make this Crime.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 569/2 In Scotland..the following facts are necessary to be proved on a charge of rape: 1, penetration..; 2, actual force in the consummation.

1957 L. Durrell Justine iii. 185 The whole portentous scrimmage of sex itself, the act of penetration.

1968 ‘A. D'Arcangelo’ Homosexual Handbk. 215 Another position comes to mind. One that is useful for both anal and vaginal penetration.

2002 Diva Mar. 22/1 I was also pleasantly surprised that 40 per cent had engaged in rimming, and 55 per cent in anal penetration with fingers.

c. More fully penetration of dimensions [after post-classical Latin penetratio dimensionum (14th cent.); compare Middle French penetracion de dimensions (c1377)] . In former scientific thought: the supposed or hypothesized occupation of the same space by two bodies at the same time. Cf. impenetrability n. 2. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > occupying the same space

coincidence1626

penetration1646

penetrability1777

1646 A. Ross New Planet No Planet viii. 90 The ship doth not carry the aire before it, but divides the aire whilst it moves, so that the aire gives place, as the water also doth to the ship, that there may not be penetration of dimensions.

1662 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. ii. iii. 46 I see not how the Examiners Condensation can be perform'd without penetration of dimensions. A thing that Philosophers in all Ages have looked upon as by no means to be admitted in Nature.

1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. ii. 78 Suppose two bodies containing no void within their circumference, to approach each other, and to unite in such a manner that the body, which results from their union, is no more extended than either of them; 'tis this we must mean when we talk of penetration.

1830 H. Kater & D. Lardner Treat. Mechanics i. 5 There are many instances of apparent penetration; but in all these, the parts of the body which seem to be penetrated are displaced.

1997 S. Clark Thinking with Demons (1999) xv. 237 The kind of natural force that the desire for survival in the human ‘archeus’ could imprint on the human body, allowing it (by the ‘penetration of dimensions’) to transmit and void safely otherwise lethal solid objects accidentally swallowed.

d. Infiltration of a country, organization (esp. a political party or enemy spy network), etc., in order to gain power or information.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > infiltration

penetration1903

infiltration1940

1903 E. Grey in Hansard Commons 18 Feb. 245 Russia seems undoubtedly..to be carrying on a process of absorption in Persia,..by what, I think, a French writer has called peaceful penetration.

1971 I. Deutscher Marxism in our Time 155 The fall in the ideological level of most of the militants..had facilitated to a certain extent the penetration of police agents into the Party.

1991 N. Mailer Harlot's Ghost iv. v. 477 To effect a penetration into the Soviet Embassy.

e. Sport. The capacity to breach an opponent's defence.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [noun] > attack

attack1786

attacking1804

play1868

penetration1958

run-and-gun1967

pressing1976

1958 Listener 16 Oct. 604/1 The wrist-spinner..is the one type of bowler who has penetration.

1988 Sports Illustr. (Special Issue) Nov. 72/1 His development has given the Wildcats a third dimension to supplement..the penetration of guard Kenny Wilson.

f. The successful selling or marketing of a commercial product, technological innovation, etc., in a particular region or market; the extent to which this is achieved.

ΚΠ

1961 Ann. Reg. 1960 451 Television became more than ever an intrinsic part of Japanese life, and transistor sets of compact size made its penetration possible everywhere.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 21 Feb. 1/2 The relative decline in circulation of daily newspapers and their absolute decline in ‘household penetration’, has been accompanied by a growth of other printed media.

1996 Financial Times 11 Jan. 25/6 The highest penetration of mobile phones is in the Nordic countries where more than 20 per cent of the population have a handset.

2. The action or capacity of penetrating something with the mind; keenness of perception or understanding; insight, acuteness, discernment.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > sharpness, shrewdness, insight > [noun]

sharpnessc897

yepshipc1000

insightc1175

yepleȝȝcc1175

yephedea1250

wit1297

fellnessa1382

policyc1440

discerningc1450

policec1450

inspectiona1527

perceivance1534

aptitude1548

sagacity1548

acuity?1549

nimbleness1561

acumen1579

seeing eye1579

esprit1591

acuteness1601

depth1605

penetration1605

knowingness1611

shrewdnessa1616

piercingnessa1628

discernment1646

sharpwittedness1647

nasuteness1660

arguteness1662

sagaciousness1678

perceptivity1700

keenness1707

cuteness1768

intuition1780

recollectedness1796

long-headedness1818

perceptiveness1823

kokum1848

incision1862

incisiveness1865

penetrativeness1873

flair1881

hard-boiledness1912

smart1964

spikiness1977

sus1979

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > sharpness, shrewdness, insight > [noun] > act of

penetration1605

penetrating1656

intuition1780

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A2^v I have been..possessed with an extreame woonder at..the penetration of your Iudgement.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 14 The Active consisting in practise of morall Actions, the contemplative, in penetration of abstruse Physicall causes.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 57. ⁋2 You can pretend to be a Man of Penetration.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xii. 84 Common sense foresees consequences, which have escaped your..penetration.

a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. xv. 279 Your penetration has not deceived you.—Oh! that arch eye of yours!—It sees through every thing.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. v. 38 Mrs. Lammle [was] a woman of penetration and taste.

1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Dec. 783/2 Almost always in the course of each essay there are aperçus of great penetration.

1988 F. Tomlin T. S. Eliot (BNC) 56 It contained some remarks about culture and religious observance for which in penetration and acuteness I can recall no exact parallel.

3. Power of penetrating something, as a measurable quantity or quality.

a. Optics. The power of a telescope or other instrument to make objects clearly visible, considered in relation to their distance. Also: the capacity of a lens, microscope, etc., to give a sharp image for some distance short of or beyond the exact focus; depth of focus. Now chiefly historical.The penetration of a telescope was defined as the number of times that the distance of an object would have to be increased in order for it to appear, through the telescope, exactly as it did to the naked eye at its actual distance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > [noun] > instrument for looking through > power of

penetrating1656

penetration1799

1799 Sir W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1800) 82 My telescope..possessed a power of penetration, which exceeded that of natural vision 61.18 times.

1799 Sir W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1800) 83 We did not stop at the single stars..when the penetration of the natural eye was to be ascertained.

1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. ii. 72 Penetration, or that power which enables the observer to see deep into the structure of objects without any alteration of focus.

1880 Science 25 Sept. 160/2 There is yet work for the penetrating lens as well as the lens of wide angle with less penetration.

1924 Science 15 Feb. 154/1 Many a specialist..is like a microscope in sacrificing to intensity of penetration all breadth of view.

1978 Notes & Rec. Royal Soc. 33 41 Herschel soon concluded that the range of penetration into space that a telescope would allow must depend directly on the diameter of its objective.

b. The extent to which a bullet or other projectile penetrates a material at which it is aimed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [noun] > to which anything penetrates

penetration1807

1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 336 Mr. Robins found this penetration, by experiment, to be only 5 inches.

1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 125 The number of sheets pierced by one or more shots is the penetration.

1936 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 40 720 Dive bombing is limited to low altitude and suffers from insufficient penetration, although the aiming is probably good.

1991 Peterson's Bowhunting May 29/3 Talk about penetration and cutting at impact is idle chatter if your arrow fishtails or porpoises, causing up to a 30 percent reduction in penetration.

2003 S.W.A.T May 48/1 Its range and penetration were reportedly superior to that of the existing American 5.56mm M193 ball round.

Compounds

penetration agent n. a spy sent to penetrate an enemy organization.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > infiltration > person engaged in

permeator1890

infiltrator1944

penetration agent1966

1966 ‘A. Hall’ 9th Directive ii. 22 This is a police job. I'm a penetration agent..they've made a mistake.

2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 101 My penetration agent in the competition's kitchen is getting hinkey about ratting out his chef.

penetration aid n. an object released from a missile as a decoy to draw off any attacking missiles.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > guided or ballistic missile > [noun] > decoy object

penetration aid1960

1960 Operations Res. 8 683 Such an orientation would point out that decisions,..cannot with impunity be made one penetration aid at a time—without affecting other decisions as to the desirability of other aids.

1984 C. Wain in Listener 23 Feb. 3/2 Warhead development and the design of penetration aids (which confuse enemy defences) for ballistic missiles is [sic] an expensive process.

† penetration tariff n. Obsolete a tariff which is varied according to how far goods are being conveyed.

ΚΠ

1890 Times 24 Dec. 3/4 M. Noblemaire..has in this pamphlet defended..‘penetration tariffs’. By this expression is meant tariffs which diminish with the distances over which goods are conveyed.

penetration twin n. Crystallography a twin crystal that presents the appearance of two interpenetrating crystals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal types > [noun] > composite crystals > twin > types of

penetration twin1868

juxtaposition twin1883

multiple twin1932

1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 191 Penetration-twins, the forms not corresponding to a regular revolution, but to an irregular interpenetration of unlike parts of the crystal.

1912 A. H. Phillips Mineralogy i. vii. 143 Penetration twins with the same axis as the twinning axis occur in galena and fluorite.

1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 51/2 Many different types of twinning are recognized, including simple and polysynthetic, repeated, complex and penetration twins.

penetration twinning n.

ΚΠ

1935 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 235 128 The product was always in clusters of prisms joined to each other at various angles, often by penetration twinning.

1953 F. H. Pough Field Guide Rocks & Minerals i. iv. 53 We also find attractive penetration twinning in phenakite.

1995 Mineral. Mag. 59 3 The morphology shown in Fig. 2a is typical of anorthite megacrysts from island arcs, and penetration twinning is commonly observed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	penetration
释义	penetrationn. Brit. /ˌpɛnᵻˈtreɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English penetracioun, 1500s– penetration. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pénétration; Latin penetrātiōn-, penetrātiō. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French pénétration (1374 in sense ‘act of penetrating’, 1654 in sense ‘discernment’; also in Middle French as penetracion (c1377)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin penetrātiōn-, penetrātiō action of piercing (2nd cent. in Apuleius), in post-classical Latin also action of understanding (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine) < penetrāt- , past participial stem of penetrāre penetrate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan penetratio (c1350; Occitan penetracion), Spanish penetración (14th cent. as penetraçion), Italian penetrazione (c1350). 1. a. The action, or an act, of penetrating, piercing, or passing into or through something. Occasionally also: permeation, as of one fluid by another.In quot. ?a1425 concrete: the place where a wound penetrates a bodily organ or cavity. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > [noun] > penetration penetration?a1425 penetrance1600 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > together confluxion1583 conflux1609 confluvium1670 penetration1800 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 127 (MED) Do þus to þu see þe penetracioun openlie, and continue þi diffensiue euermore aboute þe wounde; & when þe penetracioun scheweþ openlie, clense þe wounde. 1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke 127 The Sun..warmeth all thinges, yet in deeper penetration of one thing more then another. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Penetration, a piercing. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 585 His Magnetic beam,..to each inward part With gentle penetration, though unseen, Shoots invisible vertue even to the deep. 1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 241 Two fluids of unequal density are brought into contact, and unite by mutual penetration. 1826 R. Scott Hayling Island 95 Curiosity..has never induced the proprietor..to descend below the penetrations of the ploughshare. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. App. 301 It became my duty..to attempt the penetration of this ice. 1990 A. S. Trenhaile Geomorphol. Canada vii. 120 The thin and discontinuous snowcover of the High Arctic allows deep penetration of the ground by frost. b. The insertion of the penis, or a penis-like object, into the vagina or anus in copulation or another sexual act. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > penetration rem in re1568 penetration1613 1613 J. Chamberlain Let. 9 Sept. (1939) I. 475 What would you say yf you shold heare a churchman in open audience demaund of him..whether he had affection, erection, application, penetration, ejaculation. 1729 G. Jacob New Law-dict. at Rape of women There must be Penetration and Emission, to make this Crime. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 569/2 In Scotland..the following facts are necessary to be proved on a charge of rape: 1, penetration..; 2, actual force in the consummation. 1957 L. Durrell Justine iii. 185 The whole portentous scrimmage of sex itself, the act of penetration. 1968 ‘A. D'Arcangelo’ Homosexual Handbk. 215 Another position comes to mind. One that is useful for both anal and vaginal penetration. 2002 Diva Mar. 22/1 I was also pleasantly surprised that 40 per cent had engaged in rimming, and 55 per cent in anal penetration with fingers. c. More fully penetration of dimensions [after post-classical Latin penetratio dimensionum (14th cent.); compare Middle French penetracion de dimensions (c1377)] . In former scientific thought: the supposed or hypothesized occupation of the same space by two bodies at the same time. Cf. impenetrability n. 2. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > occupying the same space coincidence1626 penetration1646 penetrability1777 1646 A. Ross New Planet No Planet viii. 90 The ship doth not carry the aire before it, but divides the aire whilst it moves, so that the aire gives place, as the water also doth to the ship, that there may not be penetration of dimensions. 1662 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. ii. iii. 46 I see not how the Examiners Condensation can be perform'd without penetration of dimensions. A thing that Philosophers in all Ages have looked upon as by no means to be admitted in Nature. 1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. ii. 78 Suppose two bodies containing no void within their circumference, to approach each other, and to unite in such a manner that the body, which results from their union, is no more extended than either of them; 'tis this we must mean when we talk of penetration. 1830 H. Kater & D. Lardner Treat. Mechanics i. 5 There are many instances of apparent penetration; but in all these, the parts of the body which seem to be penetrated are displaced. 1997 S. Clark Thinking with Demons (1999) xv. 237 The kind of natural force that the desire for survival in the human ‘archeus’ could imprint on the human body, allowing it (by the ‘penetration of dimensions’) to transmit and void safely otherwise lethal solid objects accidentally swallowed. d. Infiltration of a country, organization (esp. a political party or enemy spy network), etc., in order to gain power or information. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > infiltration penetration1903 infiltration1940 1903 E. Grey in Hansard Commons 18 Feb. 245 Russia seems undoubtedly..to be carrying on a process of absorption in Persia,..by what, I think, a French writer has called peaceful penetration. 1971 I. Deutscher Marxism in our Time 155 The fall in the ideological level of most of the militants..had facilitated to a certain extent the penetration of police agents into the Party. 1991 N. Mailer Harlot's Ghost iv. v. 477 To effect a penetration into the Soviet Embassy. e. Sport. The capacity to breach an opponent's defence. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [noun] > attack attack1786 attacking1804 play1868 penetration1958 run-and-gun1967 pressing1976 1958 Listener 16 Oct. 604/1 The wrist-spinner..is the one type of bowler who has penetration. 1988 Sports Illustr. (Special Issue) Nov. 72/1 His development has given the Wildcats a third dimension to supplement..the penetration of guard Kenny Wilson. f. The successful selling or marketing of a commercial product, technological innovation, etc., in a particular region or market; the extent to which this is achieved. ΚΠ 1961 Ann. Reg. 1960 451 Television became more than ever an intrinsic part of Japanese life, and transistor sets of compact size made its penetration possible everywhere. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 21 Feb. 1/2 The relative decline in circulation of daily newspapers and their absolute decline in ‘household penetration’, has been accompanied by a growth of other printed media. 1996 Financial Times 11 Jan. 25/6 The highest penetration of mobile phones is in the Nordic countries where more than 20 per cent of the population have a handset. 2. The action or capacity of penetrating something with the mind; keenness of perception or understanding; insight, acuteness, discernment. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > sharpness, shrewdness, insight > [noun] sharpnessc897 yepshipc1000 insightc1175 yepleȝȝcc1175 yephedea1250 wit1297 fellnessa1382 policyc1440 discerningc1450 policec1450 inspectiona1527 perceivance1534 aptitude1548 sagacity1548 acuity?1549 nimbleness1561 acumen1579 seeing eye1579 esprit1591 acuteness1601 depth1605 penetration1605 knowingness1611 shrewdnessa1616 piercingnessa1628 discernment1646 sharpwittedness1647 nasuteness1660 arguteness1662 sagaciousness1678 perceptivity1700 keenness1707 cuteness1768 intuition1780 recollectedness1796 long-headedness1818 perceptiveness1823 kokum1848 incision1862 incisiveness1865 penetrativeness1873 flair1881 hard-boiledness1912 smart1964 spikiness1977 sus1979 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > sharpness, shrewdness, insight > [noun] > act of penetration1605 penetrating1656 intuition1780 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A2^v I have been..possessed with an extreame woonder at..the penetration of your Iudgement. View more context for this quotation 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 14 The Active consisting in practise of morall Actions, the contemplative, in penetration of abstruse Physicall causes. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 57. ⁋2 You can pretend to be a Man of Penetration. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xii. 84 Common sense foresees consequences, which have escaped your..penetration. a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. xv. 279 Your penetration has not deceived you.—Oh! that arch eye of yours!—It sees through every thing. View more context for this quotation 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. v. 38 Mrs. Lammle [was] a woman of penetration and taste. 1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Dec. 783/2 Almost always in the course of each essay there are aperçus of great penetration. 1988 F. Tomlin T. S. Eliot (BNC) 56 It contained some remarks about culture and religious observance for which in penetration and acuteness I can recall no exact parallel. 3. Power of penetrating something, as a measurable quantity or quality. a. Optics. The power of a telescope or other instrument to make objects clearly visible, considered in relation to their distance. Also: the capacity of a lens, microscope, etc., to give a sharp image for some distance short of or beyond the exact focus; depth of focus. Now chiefly historical.The penetration of a telescope was defined as the number of times that the distance of an object would have to be increased in order for it to appear, through the telescope, exactly as it did to the naked eye at its actual distance. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > [noun] > instrument for looking through > power of penetrating1656 penetration1799 1799 Sir W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1800) 82 My telescope..possessed a power of penetration, which exceeded that of natural vision 61.18 times. 1799 Sir W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1800) 83 We did not stop at the single stars..when the penetration of the natural eye was to be ascertained. 1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. ii. 72 Penetration, or that power which enables the observer to see deep into the structure of objects without any alteration of focus. 1880 Science 25 Sept. 160/2 There is yet work for the penetrating lens as well as the lens of wide angle with less penetration. 1924 Science 15 Feb. 154/1 Many a specialist..is like a microscope in sacrificing to intensity of penetration all breadth of view. 1978 Notes & Rec. Royal Soc. 33 41 Herschel soon concluded that the range of penetration into space that a telescope would allow must depend directly on the diameter of its objective. b. The extent to which a bullet or other projectile penetrates a material at which it is aimed. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [noun] > to which anything penetrates penetration1807 1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 336 Mr. Robins found this penetration, by experiment, to be only 5 inches. 1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 125 The number of sheets pierced by one or more shots is the penetration. 1936 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 40 720 Dive bombing is limited to low altitude and suffers from insufficient penetration, although the aiming is probably good. 1991 Peterson's Bowhunting May 29/3 Talk about penetration and cutting at impact is idle chatter if your arrow fishtails or porpoises, causing up to a 30 percent reduction in penetration. 2003 S.W.A.T May 48/1 Its range and penetration were reportedly superior to that of the existing American 5.56mm M193 ball round. Compounds penetration agent n. a spy sent to penetrate an enemy organization. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > infiltration > person engaged in permeator1890 infiltrator1944 penetration agent1966 1966 ‘A. Hall’ 9th Directive ii. 22 This is a police job. I'm a penetration agent..they've made a mistake. 2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 101 My penetration agent in the competition's kitchen is getting hinkey about ratting out his chef. penetration aid n. an object released from a missile as a decoy to draw off any attacking missiles. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > guided or ballistic missile > [noun] > decoy object penetration aid1960 1960 Operations Res. 8 683 Such an orientation would point out that decisions,..cannot with impunity be made one penetration aid at a time—without affecting other decisions as to the desirability of other aids. 1984 C. Wain in Listener 23 Feb. 3/2 Warhead development and the design of penetration aids (which confuse enemy defences) for ballistic missiles is [sic] an expensive process. † penetration tariff n. Obsolete a tariff which is varied according to how far goods are being conveyed. ΚΠ 1890 Times 24 Dec. 3/4 M. Noblemaire..has in this pamphlet defended..‘penetration tariffs’. By this expression is meant tariffs which diminish with the distances over which goods are conveyed. penetration twin n. Crystallography a twin crystal that presents the appearance of two interpenetrating crystals. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal types > [noun] > composite crystals > twin > types of penetration twin1868 juxtaposition twin1883 multiple twin1932 1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 191 Penetration-twins, the forms not corresponding to a regular revolution, but to an irregular interpenetration of unlike parts of the crystal. 1912 A. H. Phillips Mineralogy i. vii. 143 Penetration twins with the same axis as the twinning axis occur in galena and fluorite. 1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 51/2 Many different types of twinning are recognized, including simple and polysynthetic, repeated, complex and penetration twins. penetration twinning n. ΚΠ 1935 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 235 128 The product was always in clusters of prisms joined to each other at various angles, often by penetration twinning. 1953 F. H. Pough Field Guide Rocks & Minerals i. iv. 53 We also find attractive penetration twinning in phenakite. 1995 Mineral. Mag. 59 3 The morphology shown in Fig. 2a is typical of anorthite megacrysts from island arcs, and penetration twinning is commonly observed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1425
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