pheno-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: 1800s– phaeno-, 1800s– pheno-. Before a vowel phen-; see also phen- comb. form.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ϕαινο-.

Etymology: < ancient Greek ϕαινο-, combining form (in e.g. ϕαῖνοψ bright-eyed) < ϕαίνειν to bring to light, cause to appear, show (see -phane comb. form); compare -o suffix.In sense 1 in sporadic formations from the mid 19th cent., as phaenogam n., phaenocarpous adj., phaenozygous adj., phenocryst n.; in the 20th cent. it occurs notably (originally after German) in phenotype n. and related words (as phenome n., phenocopy n., phenetic adj., etc.). Compare French phéno- , German pheno- . First used in sense 2 after French phène phene n. and its derivatives (as phénique phenic adj., phényle phenyl n., phénol phenol n., etc.); these names referred to the fact that the substance was a coal-tar product, arising from the manufacture of illuminating gas. Hence pheno- gradually came to be used as the basis of the names of all of the bodies derived from benzene. Apparently earliest in phenetole n., after French or German models, and subsequently in a large number of formations, as phenomethole n., phenanthrene n., etc. Compare French phéno- , German pheno- . Compare phen- comb. form.

1. Forming nouns and adjectives where the first element has the sense ‘visible, evident’, e.g. phaenozygous adj.

2. Chemistry. Used as a formative element in the names of organic compounds containing one or more phenyl groups or benzene rings in the molecule.

† phenamide n. Obsolete rare = aniline n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1864 E. Parrish Treat. Pharmacy (ed. 3) iv. viii. 663 Anilina..also known by the names of phenylamina, phenamide, kyanole, crystalline and benzidam.

† phenamylole n. [after French phénamylol (A. Cahours 1851, in Comptes rendus de l'Acad. des Sci. 32 61)] Obsolete pentyl phenyl ether, C₅H₁₁OC₆H₅.

ΚΠ

1852 W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 166 Phenamylole. Carbolate of Oxide of Amyle.

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 570 Phenate of amyl, Phenamylole.

phenanthraquinone n.

Brit.

/fɛnˈanθrəkwᵻˌnəʊn/

/fɛnˌanθrəkwᵻˈnəʊn/

U.S.

/fɛnˌænθrəkwəˈnoʊn/

/fɛnˈænθrəkwəˌnoʊn/

each of four isomeric quinones derived from phenanthrene which have the formula C₁₄H₈O₂ and are yellow or red crystalline solids.

ΚΠ

1876 H. E. Armstrong Introd. Stud. Org. Chem. 135 Phenanthraquinone crystallises in orange-yellow needles, and melts at about 200°.

1968 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 4) II. x. 419 An example of the latter [sc. an internal Friedel-Crafts reaction] is the preparation of phenanthraquinone from benzil.

1991 Phytochemistry 30 2094/1 Phenanthraquinone was prepared by chromic acid oxidation of phenanthrene in the usual manner.

phenazine n.

Brit.

/ˈfɛnəziːn/

U.S.

/ˈfɛnəˌzin/

/fəˈnæzən/

[after German Phenazine (V. Merz 1886, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 19 725)] a yellowish crystalline heteroaromatic compound, C₁₂H₈N₂, having a tricyclic molecule consisting of two benzene rings joined by two nitrogen atoms.

ΚΠ

1886 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 50 1024 Phenazine..can be obtained by heating 2 grams of orthophenylenediamine with the same amount of pyrocatechol for 30 hours at 200–210°.

1968 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 4) II. xii. 554 Many dyes are derived from phenazine, e.g., the safranines.

1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) iv. 588 Colonies are greenish-blue due to characteristic production of pigments, including pyocyanin (a blue-green phenazine pigment) and fluorescin.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pheno-
释义	pheno-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: 1800s– phaeno-, 1800s– pheno-. Before a vowel phen-; see also phen- comb. form. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ϕαινο-. Etymology: < ancient Greek ϕαινο-, combining form (in e.g. ϕαῖνοψ bright-eyed) < ϕαίνειν to bring to light, cause to appear, show (see -phane comb. form); compare -o suffix.In sense 1 in sporadic formations from the mid 19th cent., as phaenogam n., phaenocarpous adj., phaenozygous adj., phenocryst n.; in the 20th cent. it occurs notably (originally after German) in phenotype n. and related words (as phenome n., phenocopy n., phenetic adj., etc.). Compare French phéno- , German pheno- . First used in sense 2 after French phène phene n. and its derivatives (as phénique phenic adj., phényle phenyl n., phénol phenol n., etc.); these names referred to the fact that the substance was a coal-tar product, arising from the manufacture of illuminating gas. Hence pheno- gradually came to be used as the basis of the names of all of the bodies derived from benzene. Apparently earliest in phenetole n., after French or German models, and subsequently in a large number of formations, as phenomethole n., phenanthrene n., etc. Compare French phéno- , German pheno- . Compare phen- comb. form. 1. Forming nouns and adjectives where the first element has the sense ‘visible, evident’, e.g. phaenozygous adj. 2. Chemistry. Used as a formative element in the names of organic compounds containing one or more phenyl groups or benzene rings in the molecule. † phenamide n. Obsolete rare = aniline n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1864 E. Parrish Treat. Pharmacy (ed. 3) iv. viii. 663 Anilina..also known by the names of phenylamina, phenamide, kyanole, crystalline and benzidam. † phenamylole n. [after French phénamylol (A. Cahours 1851, in Comptes rendus de l'Acad. des Sci. 32 61)] Obsolete pentyl phenyl ether, C₅H₁₁OC₆H₅. ΚΠ 1852 W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 166 Phenamylole. Carbolate of Oxide of Amyle. 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 570 Phenate of amyl, Phenamylole. phenanthraquinone n. Brit. /fɛnˈanθrəkwᵻˌnəʊn/ , /fɛnˌanθrəkwᵻˈnəʊn/ , U.S. /fɛnˌænθrəkwəˈnoʊn/ , /fɛnˈænθrəkwəˌnoʊn/ each of four isomeric quinones derived from phenanthrene which have the formula C₁₄H₈O₂ and are yellow or red crystalline solids. ΚΠ 1876 H. E. Armstrong Introd. Stud. Org. Chem. 135 Phenanthraquinone crystallises in orange-yellow needles, and melts at about 200°. 1968 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 4) II. x. 419 An example of the latter [sc. an internal Friedel-Crafts reaction] is the preparation of phenanthraquinone from benzil. 1991 Phytochemistry 30 2094/1 Phenanthraquinone was prepared by chromic acid oxidation of phenanthrene in the usual manner. phenazine n. Brit. /ˈfɛnəziːn/ , U.S. /ˈfɛnəˌzin/ , /fəˈnæzən/ [after German Phenazine (V. Merz 1886, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 19 725)] a yellowish crystalline heteroaromatic compound, C₁₂H₈N₂, having a tricyclic molecule consisting of two benzene rings joined by two nitrogen atoms. ΚΠ 1886 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 50 1024 Phenazine..can be obtained by heating 2 grams of orthophenylenediamine with the same amount of pyrocatechol for 30 hours at 200–210°. 1968 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 4) II. xii. 554 Many dyes are derived from phenazine, e.g., the safranines. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) iv. 588 Colonies are greenish-blue due to characteristic production of pigments, including pyocyanin (a blue-green phenazine pigment) and fluorescin. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1852
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