pestilentadj.n.adv.

Brit.

/ˈpɛstᵻlənt/,

/ˈpɛstᵻln̩t/, U.S.

/ˈpɛstələnt/

Forms: Middle English–1500s pestelent, Middle English–1500s pestilente, Middle English– pestilent, 1500s–1600s pestylent; Scottish pre-1700 pestelent, pre-1700 pestilant, pre-1700 pestilente, pre-1700 1700s– pestilent.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pestilent-, pestilēns.

Etymology: < classical Latin pestilent-, pestilēns unhealthy, causing danger to life or health, noxious, pernicious < pestis pest n. + -lēns -lent suffix. Compare Middle French, French pestilent infected, contagious (c1330–4), wicked, morally bad (1372; now rare; in Middle French also in an isolated attestation as noun in sense ‘perverted or depraved person’ (1541)), Old Occitan pestilent (c1350 in a translation of Bartholomaeus Anglicus; Occitan pestilènt ), Catalan pestilent (14th cent.), Spanish pestilente (14th cent.; also 1385 or earlier as †pestilent ), Italian pestilente (a1275 or earlier). Compare pestilential adj. With use as noun compare earlier pestilence n. With use as adverb compare earlier pestilently adv.

A. adj.

1. Carrying, producing, or tending to produce pestilence or epidemic disease; unhealthy; (of a disease) infectious, epidemic. Also: constituting a plague or pestilence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adjective]

pestilenta1398

peccant1595

repeccating1598

diseaseful1605

morbifical1620

morbific1652

morbid1656

morbificous1657

diseasifying1662

morbiferous1718

nosopoetic1733

pathogenetic1830

morbiferal1848

pathogenic1850

pathopoeous1857

pathogenous1873

pathophoric1899

diseasing?1915

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 114^v By spredinge of his bemes he [sc. the sun] clensiþ and cleriþ þe eire and disparpliþ and toschediþ and drieþ awey pestilent ayer.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. 128 (MED) If hit [sc. a light] ne quenche, of peril is ther noon; Hit quenchith, lo, the place is pestilent.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 389 (MED) The water of Tiber..brouȝte with hit a multitude of serpentes as innumerable, with a grete dragon, thro the pestilente putrefaccion of whom moche peple diede.

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie xi. 226 Shunne vice as you would do a serpent, flie wicked company as a pestilent infection.

1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Pestilent, contagious, hurtfull.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 695 Vapour, and Mist, and Exhalation hot, Corrupt and Pestilent .

1716 Boston News-let. 3 Dec. 2/2 A Pestilent Fever was in Gardilup a French Island, which has caus'd a Proclamation to be Published all over the West Indies, forbidding any Persons coming from on board any Vessel till they had perform'd a Quarantin of 15 days.

1854 H. B. Stowe Sunny Memories Foreign Lands I. 96 A prey to pestilent disease..they died here unpitied.

1885 H. James Bostonians in Cent. Mag. July 431 She had taken filthy children,..removed their pestilent rags and washed their sore bodies.

1902 E. Wharton Valley of Decision I. ii. 32 They must not expose themselves to the pestilent air.

1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! viii. 60 The rats had come scuttering from their verminous nooks.., furring the street and pavements as they squirmed off like a pestilent grey snake.

2002 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 20 Sept. 11 The film begins in the pestilent squalor that was the Bastille of 1794.

†2. Destructive to life; fatal; deadly; poisonous. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > insalubrity > [adjective]

evilc1000

unsete1387

pestilenta1398

pestilentiala1398

unhealfulc1400

unthendec1425

unsetyc1440

unwholesomec1455

ill1488

pestifere1490

contagious1495

infectious1534

pestiferous1538

unhealthsome1544

unkindlyc1570

deletery1576

deleterious1587

bad1589

unhealthful1598

unsound1598

unhealthy1600

sickly1604

deleterial1621

tetrous1637

insalubrious1638

unseasoned1638

cankered1645

healthless1650

insalutary1694

maliferous1727

insanous1742

unsalubrious1781

unsanitary1872

insanitary1874

devitalizing1875

antihygienic1876

unhygienic1883

unhealthy-looking1890

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 299 Kynde ordeyneþ þis prouisioun, for such a pestilent [L. pestifera] kynde [sc. scorpions] schulde nouȝt multiplie to swiþe.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 293 (MED) Socrates was compellede to eite an herbe pestilente [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. venemous herbe; L. herbam pestiferam].

a1500 Let. Alexander l. 205 in Mediaeval Stud. (1979) 41 127 We put to flight thiese pestelent thynges, and with many fuyres theym noied, slow, and brent.

1564 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xix. f. 91^v Hamilco..sodainly by the influence of a pestilente planet, lost all his menne of warre.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 196 The next time I do fight Ile make death loue me: for I will contend Euen with his pestilent Sythe.

1652 Bastard iv. iv. 65 Not the plague Shall be more pestilent, then my vengeance.

1739 J. Thomson Edward & Eleonora iv. viii. 49 Is there a curse on human kind so fell, So pestilent, at once, to prince and people.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 494 A pestilent and most corrosive steam.

1871 R. Soule Dict. Eng. Synonymes 277/1 at Noxious Pestiferous, pestilent, deadly, baleful, destructive, poisonous.

1880 Our National Responsibility for Opium Trade 14 The English merchant empoisons China with pestilent opium.

3. Harmful or dangerous to religious, moral, or social order; noxious, pernicious.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective]

litherc893

scathefulc900

balefulOE

orneOE

teenfulOE

evilc1175

venomousc1290

scathela1300

prejudiciala1325

fell?c1335

harmfula1340

grievous1340

ill1340

wicked1340

noisomea1382

venomed1382

noyfulc1384

damageousc1386

mischievousc1390

unwholesomea1400

undisposingc1400

damnablec1420

prejudiciable1429

contagiousc1440

damagefulc1449

pestiferous1458

damageable1474

pestilent?a1475

nuisable1483

nocible1490

nuisible1490

nuisant1494

noxiousa1500

nocent?c1500

pestilential1531

tortious1532

pestilentious1533

nocive1538

offensivea1548

vitiating1547

dangerous1548

offending1552

dispendious1557

injurious1559

offensible1575

offensant1578

baneful1579

incommodious1579

prejudicious1579

prejudical1595

inimicous1598

damnifiable1604

taking1608

obnoxious1612

nocivousc1616

mischieving1621

nocuous1627

nocumentous1644

disserviceable1645

inimical1645

detrimentous1648

injuring1651

detrimental1656

inimicitial1656

nocumental1657

incommodous1677

fatal1681

inimic1696

nociferous1706

damnific1727

inimicable1805

violational1821

insalutary1836

detrimentary1841

wronging1845

unsalvatory1850

damaging1856

damnous1870

wack1986

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > harmful or pernicious

baleOE

balefulc1175

venomousc1290

contagiousc1440

pestiferous1458

pestilent?a1475

perniciousc1475

pestilential1531

pestilentious1533

plaguey1574

deleterious1630

unedifying1641

perniciable1656

inedifying1659

unimproving1747

insalutary1836

unsalvatory1850

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 17 (MED) And after alle Affrike infecte, the pestilente [L. pestilens] errour of the Saracenys infecte a grete parte of Speyne.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxiv. 5 We have founde this man a pestilent felowe.

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 39/1 Suche a pestilente serpente is ambicion and desyre of vaineglorye and soueraintye.

1588 J. Penry Viewe Publ. Wants Wales 30 They [are] vngodly and pestelent bookes.

1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 208 There is one Mowbray if possible more pestilent of his tongue then euer.

1739 D. Mallet Mustapha iv. i. 141 Prov'd all heresy more black, More pestilent, than even the false belief Of Christian dogs.

1758 J. Jortin Life Erasmus I. 129 The works of Erasmus are reckoned amongst those pestilent books.

1823 W. Scott Peveril I. vi. 157 The man, bating he is a pestilent Roundhead and Puritan..is no bad neighbour.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. iv. i. 398 One [Corsair] distinguished..for the pestilent activity with which he pursued the Spaniards.

1891 M. Luther in W. James Varieties Relig. Experience (1902) x. 245 That pernicious and pestilent opinion of man's own righteousness.

1925 L. I. Newman Jewish Infl. on Christian Reform Movements II. v. 315 The censorship of pestilent and heretical writings.

1983 Times 17 Mar. 12/2 It is a pestilent attack on freedom.

2002 Internat. Jrnl. World Peace (Nexis) 1 Mar. 75 The pestilent nonsense that goes by the name of patriotism.

4. That pesters or annoys; troublesome. Also as an intensifier: confounded.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious

angeeOE

swinkfuleOE

plightlyOE

teenfulOE

contrariousc1320

drefa1325

troublinga1325

despitousa1340

thornya1340

discomfortablec1350

troublablec1374

noyousa1382

noyfulc1384

diseasy1387

angrya1393

painful1395

hackinga1400

annoying?c1400

annoyousc1400

cumbrousc1400

teenc1400

annoyfulc1405

sputousc1420

diseasefula1425

molest?a1425

noying?a1425

noisomea1450

grievingc1450

tedious?1454

troublous1463

noisantc1475

displeasant1481

strouble1488

nuisant1494

noyanta1500

irksome1513

sturting1513

molestious1524

vexatious1534

cumbersome1535

uncommodious1541

spiteful1548

vexing?1548

incommodious1551

molestous1555

diseasing1558

grating1563

pestilent1565

sturtsome1570

molestuousa1572

troublesome1573

murrain1575

discommodable1579

galling1583

spiny1586

unsupportable1586

troubleful1588

plaguey1594

distressingc1595

molestful1596

molesting1598

vexful1598

fretful1603

briery1604

bemadding1608

mortifying1611

tiry1611

distressfula1616

irking1629

angersome1649

disobliging1652

discomforting1654

incomfortable1655

incommode1672

ruffling1680

unconvenient1683

pestifying1716

trying1718

offending1726

bothering1765

pesky1775

weary1785

sturty1788

unaccommodating1790

tiresome1798

werriting1808

bothersome1817

plaguesome1828

pestilential1833

fretsome1834

languorous1834

pesty1834

pestersome1843

nettlesome1845

miserable1850

niggling1854

distempering1855

be-maddeninga1861

nattery1873

nagging1883

pestiferous1890

trouble-giving1893

maddening1896

molestive1905

nuisancy1906

balls-aching?1912

nuisance1922

nattering1949

noodgy1969

dickheaded1991

dickish1991

cockish1996

1565 King Daryus sig. Eii^v That Preposition in, is a pestilent fellow.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 169 What a pestilent knaue is this same.

1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus iv. v O that Ben Jonson is a pestilent fellow, he brought vp Horace giuing the Poets a pill.

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis iii. xi. 187 That old Woman, that Hagge, of a most pestilent wit.

1731 C. Coffey & J. Mottley Devil to Pay i. i. 4 Why, you most pestilent Baggage..Be gone.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxviii. 242 Methinks the doctor was in a pestilent hurry with that message of his.

1798 J. Wolcot Tales of Hoy in Wks. (1812) IV. 409 All the servants agree that he is a pestilent man for a rhyme.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. i. 18 I have some pestilent affairs upon my hands.

1898 Argosy Apr. 90 A certain Signor Vivares, a pestilent fellow I could not abide.

1925 Times 4 Nov. 15/7 North..had a pestilent habit of dating his letters with the day of the week only.

2003 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 15 Mar. 15 Young marrieds and their pestilent children.

B. n.

A pestilent thing or person; a pestilence.Apparently unattested between the late 16th and late 20th centuries.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harmful person > [noun]

scatheOE

plaguea1450

wounder1483

pestilenta1530

harmer1583

wronger1591

griever1598

injurier1598

injurer1611

nuisancer1769

vitriolizer1882

menace1936

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful thing or person > pestilential

starveOE

starvec1225

plaguea1450

pestilenta1530

mischief1586

nuisancer1769

Typhoid Mary1913

menace1936

a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. 6429 (heading) Off the fyrst Pestilente [a1500 Nero pestilence] In Scotland, that was wyolent.

1567 Triall of Treasure sig. D^v We haue seene..this cancar pestilent Corrupting our realme, to our great decaie, Ambition I meane.

1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. vi. 277 The translation..of the Hebrewe worde Lezim mockers, into pestilentes, pestilent fellowes and hurtfull, for so they are in deede, euen the plagues of a common weale.

1996 D. M. Gordon in S. L. Denning Finding Virtue's Place (1999) iii. 64 Rather than spend so much time blaming deviants or moral pestilents we should focus..on the character of employment in the United States.

2003 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News (Nexis) 15 Apr. a8 SARS joins diseases like cholera, diphtheria, tuberculosis, plague and smallpox on what amounts to a presidential roll of pestilents.

†C. adv.

Confoundedly, utterly. Cf. pestilence adv., pestilently adv. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad

sorea1300

grievously1340

terrible1490

beastly?1518

shrewdlyc1533

arrantly?1548

murrainly?1548

abominablea1550

pestilence1567

pestilently1567

cursedly1570

pestiferously1570

murrain1575

plaguey1584

plaguilya1586

grievous1598

scandalously1602

horridly1603

terribly1604

monstrously1611

hellish1614

dreadfullya1616

horrid1615

pestilenta1616

infernally1638

preposterously1661

woeful1684

confoundedly1694

confounded1709

glaringly1709

cursed1719

flagrantly1756

weary1790

disgustingly1804

filthy1827

blamed1833

peskily1833

pesky1833

blame1843

blasted1854

wickedly1858

blatantly1878

shamelessly1885

disgracefully1893

ruddy1913

bastarda1935

pissing1951

sodding1954

pissingly1971

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 247 A pestilent compleate knaue, and the woman has found him already.

a1642 J. Suckling Poems 37 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) Amongst the rest, one Pest'lent fine.

1663 T. Porter Villain ii. i. 17 But the wis coy, pestilent coy.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Pestilent-fine, Tearing-fine.

Derivatives

† pestilentness n. Obsolete the quality of being pestilent.

ΚΠ

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Pestilentness, Plaguyness, pestilent Quality. [Also in later dictionaries.]

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pestilent
释义	pestilentadj.n.adv. Brit. /ˈpɛstᵻlənt/, /ˈpɛstᵻln̩t/, U.S. /ˈpɛstələnt/ Forms: Middle English–1500s pestelent, Middle English–1500s pestilente, Middle English– pestilent, 1500s–1600s pestylent; Scottish pre-1700 pestelent, pre-1700 pestilant, pre-1700 pestilente, pre-1700 1700s– pestilent. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pestilent-, pestilēns. Etymology: < classical Latin pestilent-, pestilēns unhealthy, causing danger to life or health, noxious, pernicious < pestis pest n. + -lēns -lent suffix. Compare Middle French, French pestilent infected, contagious (c1330–4), wicked, morally bad (1372; now rare; in Middle French also in an isolated attestation as noun in sense ‘perverted or depraved person’ (1541)), Old Occitan pestilent (c1350 in a translation of Bartholomaeus Anglicus; Occitan pestilènt ), Catalan pestilent (14th cent.), Spanish pestilente (14th cent.; also 1385 or earlier as †pestilent ), Italian pestilente (a1275 or earlier). Compare pestilential adj. With use as noun compare earlier pestilence n. With use as adverb compare earlier pestilently adv. A. adj. 1. Carrying, producing, or tending to produce pestilence or epidemic disease; unhealthy; (of a disease) infectious, epidemic. Also: constituting a plague or pestilence. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adjective] pestilenta1398 peccant1595 repeccating1598 diseaseful1605 morbifical1620 morbific1652 morbid1656 morbificous1657 diseasifying1662 morbiferous1718 nosopoetic1733 pathogenetic1830 morbiferal1848 pathogenic1850 pathopoeous1857 pathogenous1873 pathophoric1899 diseasing?1915 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 114^v By spredinge of his bemes he [sc. the sun] clensiþ and cleriþ þe eire and disparpliþ and toschediþ and drieþ awey pestilent ayer. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. 128 (MED) If hit [sc. a light] ne quenche, of peril is ther noon; Hit quenchith, lo, the place is pestilent. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 389 (MED) The water of Tiber..brouȝte with hit a multitude of serpentes as innumerable, with a grete dragon, thro the pestilente putrefaccion of whom moche peple diede. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie xi. 226 Shunne vice as you would do a serpent, flie wicked company as a pestilent infection. 1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Pestilent, contagious, hurtfull. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 695 Vapour, and Mist, and Exhalation hot, Corrupt and Pestilent . View more context for this quotation 1716 Boston News-let. 3 Dec. 2/2 A Pestilent Fever was in Gardilup a French Island, which has caus'd a Proclamation to be Published all over the West Indies, forbidding any Persons coming from on board any Vessel till they had perform'd a Quarantin of 15 days. 1854 H. B. Stowe Sunny Memories Foreign Lands I. 96 A prey to pestilent disease..they died here unpitied. 1885 H. James Bostonians in Cent. Mag. July 431 She had taken filthy children,..removed their pestilent rags and washed their sore bodies. 1902 E. Wharton Valley of Decision I. ii. 32 They must not expose themselves to the pestilent air. 1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! viii. 60 The rats had come scuttering from their verminous nooks.., furring the street and pavements as they squirmed off like a pestilent grey snake. 2002 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 20 Sept. 11 The film begins in the pestilent squalor that was the Bastille of 1794. †2. Destructive to life; fatal; deadly; poisonous. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > insalubrity > [adjective] evilc1000 unsete1387 pestilenta1398 pestilentiala1398 unhealfulc1400 unthendec1425 unsetyc1440 unwholesomec1455 ill1488 pestifere1490 contagious1495 infectious1534 pestiferous1538 unhealthsome1544 unkindlyc1570 deletery1576 deleterious1587 bad1589 unhealthful1598 unsound1598 unhealthy1600 sickly1604 deleterial1621 tetrous1637 insalubrious1638 unseasoned1638 cankered1645 healthless1650 insalutary1694 maliferous1727 insanous1742 unsalubrious1781 unsanitary1872 insanitary1874 devitalizing1875 antihygienic1876 unhygienic1883 unhealthy-looking1890 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 299 Kynde ordeyneþ þis prouisioun, for such a pestilent [L. pestifera] kynde [sc. scorpions] schulde nouȝt multiplie to swiþe. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 293 (MED) Socrates was compellede to eite an herbe pestilente [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. venemous herbe; L. herbam pestiferam]. a1500 Let. Alexander l. 205 in Mediaeval Stud. (1979) 41 127 We put to flight thiese pestelent thynges, and with many fuyres theym noied, slow, and brent. 1564 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xix. f. 91^v Hamilco..sodainly by the influence of a pestilente planet, lost all his menne of warre. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 196 The next time I do fight Ile make death loue me: for I will contend Euen with his pestilent Sythe. View more context for this quotation 1652 Bastard iv. iv. 65 Not the plague Shall be more pestilent, then my vengeance. 1739 J. Thomson Edward & Eleonora iv. viii. 49 Is there a curse on human kind so fell, So pestilent, at once, to prince and people. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 494 A pestilent and most corrosive steam. 1871 R. Soule Dict. Eng. Synonymes 277/1 at Noxious Pestiferous, pestilent, deadly, baleful, destructive, poisonous. 1880 Our National Responsibility for Opium Trade 14 The English merchant empoisons China with pestilent opium. 3. Harmful or dangerous to religious, moral, or social order; noxious, pernicious. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective] litherc893 scathefulc900 balefulOE orneOE teenfulOE evilc1175 venomousc1290 scathela1300 prejudiciala1325 fell?c1335 harmfula1340 grievous1340 ill1340 wicked1340 noisomea1382 venomed1382 noyfulc1384 damageousc1386 mischievousc1390 unwholesomea1400 undisposingc1400 damnablec1420 prejudiciable1429 contagiousc1440 damagefulc1449 pestiferous1458 damageable1474 pestilent?a1475 nuisable1483 nocible1490 nuisible1490 nuisant1494 noxiousa1500 nocent?c1500 pestilential1531 tortious1532 pestilentious1533 nocive1538 offensivea1548 vitiating1547 dangerous1548 offending1552 dispendious1557 injurious1559 offensible1575 offensant1578 baneful1579 incommodious1579 prejudicious1579 prejudical1595 inimicous1598 damnifiable1604 taking1608 obnoxious1612 nocivousc1616 mischieving1621 nocuous1627 nocumentous1644 disserviceable1645 inimical1645 detrimentous1648 injuring1651 detrimental1656 inimicitial1656 nocumental1657 incommodous1677 fatal1681 inimic1696 nociferous1706 damnific1727 inimicable1805 violational1821 insalutary1836 detrimentary1841 wronging1845 unsalvatory1850 damaging1856 damnous1870 wack1986 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > harmful or pernicious baleOE balefulc1175 venomousc1290 contagiousc1440 pestiferous1458 pestilent?a1475 perniciousc1475 pestilential1531 pestilentious1533 plaguey1574 deleterious1630 unedifying1641 perniciable1656 inedifying1659 unimproving1747 insalutary1836 unsalvatory1850 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 17 (MED) And after alle Affrike infecte, the pestilente [L. pestilens] errour of the Saracenys infecte a grete parte of Speyne. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxiv. 5 We have founde this man a pestilent felowe. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 39/1 Suche a pestilente serpente is ambicion and desyre of vaineglorye and soueraintye. 1588 J. Penry Viewe Publ. Wants Wales 30 They [are] vngodly and pestelent bookes. 1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 208 There is one Mowbray if possible more pestilent of his tongue then euer. 1739 D. Mallet Mustapha iv. i. 141 Prov'd all heresy more black, More pestilent, than even the false belief Of Christian dogs. 1758 J. Jortin Life Erasmus I. 129 The works of Erasmus are reckoned amongst those pestilent books. 1823 W. Scott Peveril I. vi. 157 The man, bating he is a pestilent Roundhead and Puritan..is no bad neighbour. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. iv. i. 398 One [Corsair] distinguished..for the pestilent activity with which he pursued the Spaniards. 1891 M. Luther in W. James Varieties Relig. Experience (1902) x. 245 That pernicious and pestilent opinion of man's own righteousness. 1925 L. I. Newman Jewish Infl. on Christian Reform Movements II. v. 315 The censorship of pestilent and heretical writings. 1983 Times 17 Mar. 12/2 It is a pestilent attack on freedom. 2002 Internat. Jrnl. World Peace (Nexis) 1 Mar. 75 The pestilent nonsense that goes by the name of patriotism. 4. That pesters or annoys; troublesome. Also as an intensifier: confounded. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious angeeOE swinkfuleOE plightlyOE teenfulOE contrariousc1320 drefa1325 troublinga1325 despitousa1340 thornya1340 discomfortablec1350 troublablec1374 noyousa1382 noyfulc1384 diseasy1387 angrya1393 painful1395 hackinga1400 annoying?c1400 annoyousc1400 cumbrousc1400 teenc1400 annoyfulc1405 sputousc1420 diseasefula1425 molest?a1425 noying?a1425 noisomea1450 grievingc1450 tedious?1454 troublous1463 noisantc1475 displeasant1481 strouble1488 nuisant1494 noyanta1500 irksome1513 sturting1513 molestious1524 vexatious1534 cumbersome1535 uncommodious1541 spiteful1548 vexing?1548 incommodious1551 molestous1555 diseasing1558 grating1563 pestilent1565 sturtsome1570 molestuousa1572 troublesome1573 murrain1575 discommodable1579 galling1583 spiny1586 unsupportable1586 troubleful1588 plaguey1594 distressingc1595 molestful1596 molesting1598 vexful1598 fretful1603 briery1604 bemadding1608 mortifying1611 tiry1611 distressfula1616 irking1629 angersome1649 disobliging1652 discomforting1654 incomfortable1655 incommode1672 ruffling1680 unconvenient1683 pestifying1716 trying1718 offending1726 bothering1765 pesky1775 weary1785 sturty1788 unaccommodating1790 tiresome1798 werriting1808 bothersome1817 plaguesome1828 pestilential1833 fretsome1834 languorous1834 pesty1834 pestersome1843 nettlesome1845 miserable1850 niggling1854 distempering1855 be-maddeninga1861 nattery1873 nagging1883 pestiferous1890 trouble-giving1893 maddening1896 molestive1905 nuisancy1906 balls-aching?1912 nuisance1922 nattering1949 noodgy1969 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 cockish1996 1565 King Daryus sig. Eii^v That Preposition in, is a pestilent fellow. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 169 What a pestilent knaue is this same. View more context for this quotation 1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus iv. v O that Ben Jonson is a pestilent fellow, he brought vp Horace giuing the Poets a pill. 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis iii. xi. 187 That old Woman, that Hagge, of a most pestilent wit. 1731 C. Coffey & J. Mottley Devil to Pay i. i. 4 Why, you most pestilent Baggage..Be gone. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxviii. 242 Methinks the doctor was in a pestilent hurry with that message of his. 1798 J. Wolcot Tales of Hoy in Wks. (1812) IV. 409 All the servants agree that he is a pestilent man for a rhyme. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. i. 18 I have some pestilent affairs upon my hands. 1898 Argosy Apr. 90 A certain Signor Vivares, a pestilent fellow I could not abide. 1925 Times 4 Nov. 15/7 North..had a pestilent habit of dating his letters with the day of the week only. 2003 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 15 Mar. 15 Young marrieds and their pestilent children. B. n. A pestilent thing or person; a pestilence.Apparently unattested between the late 16th and late 20th centuries. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harmful person > [noun] scatheOE plaguea1450 wounder1483 pestilenta1530 harmer1583 wronger1591 griever1598 injurier1598 injurer1611 nuisancer1769 vitriolizer1882 menace1936 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful thing or person > pestilential starveOE starvec1225 plaguea1450 pestilenta1530 mischief1586 nuisancer1769 Typhoid Mary1913 menace1936 a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. 6429 (heading) Off the fyrst Pestilente [a1500 Nero pestilence] In Scotland, that was wyolent. 1567 Triall of Treasure sig. D^v We haue seene..this cancar pestilent Corrupting our realme, to our great decaie, Ambition I meane. 1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. vi. 277 The translation..of the Hebrewe worde Lezim mockers, into pestilentes, pestilent fellowes and hurtfull, for so they are in deede, euen the plagues of a common weale. 1996 D. M. Gordon in S. L. Denning Finding Virtue's Place (1999) iii. 64 Rather than spend so much time blaming deviants or moral pestilents we should focus..on the character of employment in the United States. 2003 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News (Nexis) 15 Apr. a8 SARS joins diseases like cholera, diphtheria, tuberculosis, plague and smallpox on what amounts to a presidential roll of pestilents. †C. adv. Confoundedly, utterly. Cf. pestilence adv., pestilently adv. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad sorea1300 grievously1340 terrible1490 beastly?1518 shrewdlyc1533 arrantly?1548 murrainly?1548 abominablea1550 pestilence1567 pestilently1567 cursedly1570 pestiferously1570 murrain1575 plaguey1584 plaguilya1586 grievous1598 scandalously1602 horridly1603 terribly1604 monstrously1611 hellish1614 dreadfullya1616 horrid1615 pestilenta1616 infernally1638 preposterously1661 woeful1684 confoundedly1694 confounded1709 glaringly1709 cursed1719 flagrantly1756 weary1790 disgustingly1804 filthy1827 blamed1833 peskily1833 pesky1833 blame1843 blasted1854 wickedly1858 blatantly1878 shamelessly1885 disgracefully1893 ruddy1913 bastarda1935 pissing1951 sodding1954 pissingly1971 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 247 A pestilent compleate knaue, and the woman has found him already. View more context for this quotation a1642 J. Suckling Poems 37 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) Amongst the rest, one Pest'lent fine. 1663 T. Porter Villain ii. i. 17 But the wis coy, pestilent coy. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Pestilent-fine, Tearing-fine. Derivatives † pestilentness n. Obsolete the quality of being pestilent. ΚΠ 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Pestilentness, Plaguyness, pestilent Quality. [Also in later dictionaries.] This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pestilentv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pestilent adj. Etymology: < pestilent adj. Compare earlier pestilence v. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To make (a person) pestilent; to infect fatally, poison. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)] apoison1297 envenomc1300 venomc1330 poisonc1350 empoisona1375 intoxicatec1450 venina1500 enveleny?c1550 bane1578 envenomize1598 pestilent1613 toxicate1635 1613 T. Milles tr. P. Mexia et al. Treasurie Auncient & Moderne Times x. 27/2 So hurtfull are the Serpents teeth, they pestilent the blood. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < adj.n.adv.a1398v.1613
随便看	substance p substance use disorder substance user substance-free substance-yielding substanced substancefree substancefying substanceless substances substanceyielding substand substandard substander substanding substant substantia nigra substantiability substantiae nigrae substantial substantial division substantial form substantial-looking substantialise substantialised

pestilentadj.n.adv.

Derivatives

† pestilentv.