periodicadj.¹n.

Brit.

/ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪk/, U.S.

/ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk/

Forms: 1600s–1700s periodick, 1600s– periodic.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French périodique; Latin periodicus.

Etymology: < French périodique (of symptoms) recurring at regular intervals (15th cent. in Middle French), (of the recurring motion of a celestial object) completed within a fixed period (1634), characterized by the use of rhetorical periods (1671), (of a magazine, journal, etc.) published at regular intervals (1721; 1872 as noun in this sense) and its etymon classical Latin periodicus intermittent (Pliny, of fevers), in post-classical Latin also characterized by the use of rhetorical periods (5th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek περιοδικός of or relating to the recurring motion of a celestial object, recurrent, intermittent (of fevers), characterized by the use of rhetorical periods < ancient Greek περίοδος period n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare earlier periodical adj.With use as noun (see sense B.) compare earlier periodical adj. 1.

A. adj.¹

1. Astronomy. Of or relating to the recurring motion of a celestial object, esp. in its orbit or apparent orbit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [adjective] > movement in orbit

periodical1603

periodic1650

revolutional1652

orbitual1806

orbital1846

orbituary1864

orbiting1951

1650 J. Howell Instr. Forren Travell (new ed.) App. 138 In as short a compas of time as the Sun finisheth his periodic annuall motion.

1694 W. Holder Disc. Time vi. 69 The moon has two accounts of her circuit,..one her periodic month, or month of peragration:..the other is her synodic month.

1769 Philos. Trans. 1768 (Royal Soc.) 58 179 The duplicate proportion of the periodic month to the anomalistic month.

1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy viii. 248 A direct method of ascertaining the periodic time of each planet.

1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 97 What the periodic time of the Moon would have been if our satellite had been devoid of mass.

1941 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 239 205 In order to examine the stability of the periodic motion [of Saturn's rings]..we shall find it necessary to proceed to approximations.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 54/2 Astrometric binaries are pairs in which the companion cannot be seen directly, but its presence may be inferred from the periodic motion of the brighter star.

a. Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. Of, relating to, or characterized by regularly recurring symptoms; (of symptoms) recurring at regular intervals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > [adjective] > periodical or recurring at regular intervals

continualc1530

periodical1585

termly1594

clock-like1609

terminal1610

stated1611

regular1639

periodic1661

clockwork1679

recursive1766

clockwork-like1875

tidal1876

seasonal1880

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [adjective] > fevers of specific duration

quotidiana1393

quartana1398

ephemera1528

quartern?1549

semitertian1565

ephemeral1576

periodical1585

typic1601

septimane1634

ephemeran1643

hemitritaean1651

nonan1657

quintan1657

septan1657

sextan1657

quartanary1669

subintrant1747

periodic1805

octan1835

typical1853

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 365 The boulimos is a great periodick appetite, often ending in nauseousnesse.

1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 9 Periodic Potions for the Sick?

1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 88 The fevers of the periodic class exhibit great variety of condition.

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 577 Slight periodic throbbing pains in the joints.

1928 Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry 19 865 The ‘explosive’ phenomena selected were infantile convulsions, breath-holding, head-banging and a miscellaneous group of periodic attacks.

1957 Science 27 Sept. 611/1 In patients other than schizophrenic, DMAE produces relief of periodic headache, functional bowel distress, and chronic fatigue syndromes.

1990 Brain 113 1372 Acetazolamide, initially tried in analogy with its effect in familial periodic ataxia.., has been used by 12 patients.

b. Recurring at regular intervals, regular; (more generally) recurring or reappearing intermittently.

ΚΠ

1750 H. Walpole Let. 2 Apr. in Lett. to H. Mann (1834) II. 328 I have advised several who are going to keep their next earthquake in the country to take the bark for it, as it is so periodic.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. viii. 92/2 Such a minnow is man;..his Ocean the immeasurable All; his Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of Providence.

1856 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay V. 25 The fretting..of anxiety, which..he kept alive by this periodic exaction.

1873 T. Hardy Pair of Blue Eyes II. xii. 252 His hopes for the best had been but periodic interruptions of a chronic fear of the worst.

1885 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 6 344/2 The twenty-second periodic celebration of the Trajaneia.

1940 G. Taylor Austral. viii. 181 The red soils indicate that the material has been peroxidized under a hot sun in an arid climate not subjected to periodic flooding.

1977 Washington Post 20 Feb. k6 The home-video idea..is making one of its periodic bids for attention.

1998 Borneo Bull. (Nexis) 7 Apr. There are two inter-monsoon periods in a year occurring before the periodic monsoon.

2002 N. Drury Dict. Esoteric 77/2 There have been periodic clashes with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

c. Mathematics. Of a function: such that the dependent variable returns to the same value at constant intervals of the independent variable (starting from any value of the independent variable).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to functions

generating1671

exponential1704

discontinuous1803

functional1806

odd1812

periodic1820

syzygetic1850

convex1858

graphometric1865

polycyclic1869

subrational1875

synectic1876

variational1879

polyhedral1881

holomorphic1886

tropical1887

Gudermannian1888

monogeneous1888

monotonous1890

oscillating1893

monotonic1901

monotone1903

orthogonalized1909

schlicht1925

concave1942

deconvolved1974

unate1978

1820 C. Babbage Examples Functional Equations 4 To find periodic functions of the nth order.

1850 J. F. W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 140 400 If A_x, B_x, &c. be simply constant, the function may be termed a periodic one, since it assumes in periodic and constantly recurring succession the values A, B, C..N, A, B, &c. ad infinitum.

1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 13 A function of a variable, x, is said to be a periodic function..if its values repeat themselves for values of the variable differing by a constant.

1926 Proc. London Math. Soc. 25 495 H. Bohr..has constructed the theory of almost periodic functions.

1990 IMA Jrnl. Numerical Anal. 10 523 Each 2π-periodic function υ has a Fourier expansion.

d. Physics. Of a physical phenomenon or structure: varying in such a way that the same state or attribute is regularly repeated in time or space; having a physical structure of this nature; exhibiting periodicity.

ΚΠ

1836 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 126 136 It may be expected, like other tidal inequalities, to be resolvable into a non-periodic and a periodic part.

1859 S. Parkinson Optics (1866) 104 The cylindrical beams transmitted through these annular lenses sweep the horizon and produce a revolving or periodic light.

1899 W. S. Franklin & R. B. Williamson Elem. Alternating Currents v. 59 If a periodic force of given maximum value and given frequency acts upon the body..the body will be set vibrating at the same frequency as that of the force.

1934 Nature 16 June 916/1 The electron extracted from the atom may only move through the periodic field of the lattice with certain discrete energies.

1967 Brain 90 821 The rods showed a crystalline structure with characteristic periodic patterns.

1990 New Scientist 30 June 65/3 Slowly altering the value of R2 made the circuit pass through alternating regions of chaos and regular, periodic oscillations.

3. Of verbal or written style: characterized by the use of rhetorical periods (period n. 16); elevated, formal, ornamental.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > [adjective] > period

periodical1683

periodic1701

1701 tr. J. Le Clerc Lives Primitive Fathers 276 Those Letters are not writ in a Periodick Style, as the Orations.

1709 E. Ward Humours of Coffee-house in Writings IV. 51 E'ery Sentence so precisely stiff, Was gravely stop'd with periodick whiff.

1828 T. De Quincey Elements Rhetoric in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 898/1 The splendour of his periodic diction, with his fine delivery, compensated his defect in imagery.

1860 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. xvii. 361 The Italian resembles the Latin in independence of fixed laws of periodic arrangement.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 527 Anaxagoras never attained to a connected or periodic style.

1937 J. P. Marquand Late George Apley i. 4 I could not avoid thinking of all the other lives which I had heard read out from that platform in sonorous, periodic sentences.

1992 Amer. Scholar Autumn 492/2 He wrote..wondrously intricate periodic sentences embedded in impressively lengthy, neatly pointed paragraphs.

4. = periodical adj. 5. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journal > periodical > [adjective] > relating to or characteristic of

periodical1716

periodic1835

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism i. 19 The despotism of the Periodic Press.

1873 Appletons' Jrnl. 8 Mar. 339/1 Those whose nameless voices communicate, through the infinite reverberations of the periodic press, ideas whose originators we meanwhile lose sight of.

1904 Westm. Gaz. 30 Apr. 5/2 There is in all these respects no better model for the journalist or periodic writer.

1930 H. G. Wells Autocracy Mr. Parham ii. iv. 128 The need of a stronger and clearer guidance in our periodic literature.

1996 Russ. Rev. 55 9 The periodic press or literary almanacs and publicistic ventures of the period.

5. Chemistry. Of or relating to the periodicity of the elements. Cf. periodic classification n., periodic law n., periodic system n., periodic table n. at Compounds.

ΚΠ

1872 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 43 251 The regular progression in physical and chemical properties observable in members of the same family..are either consequences of, or closely related to, these ‘periodic laws’.

1897 Science 1 Oct. 500/1 Let us turn our attention to..the atomic weight of argon, and its anomalous position in the periodic scheme of the elements.

1925 Science 20 Feb. 208/2 To establish the important facts concerning these missing elements, their location in the periodic scheme, [etc].

1989 in Educ. in Chem. 26 154/2 Element 87, owing to its position in the periodic chart, is the most electropositive element.

6. Relating to a particular period of time; relating to or characteristic of a particular period of history (= period adj.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > [adjective]

epochal1685

periodical1825

eral1861

periodic1884

1884 J. Tait Mind in Matter IV. 140 A periodic conception of the [six] ‘days’ would at once suggest itself,..the divine rest embracing an indefinite period.

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 165/2 (advt.) Those with other preferences will find a ‘happy discovery’ among our large assortment of various periodic designs.

2001 Houston (Texas) Press (Nexis) 8 Mar. (Music section) There are plenty of bands playing tunes in periodic style that don't sound authentic to me. They may be playing an old tune, but are they putting themselves into the music?

B. n.

= periodical n. 2. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > drinking-bout

cups1406

drinking?1518

banquet1535

Bacchanal1536

pot-revel1577

compotation1593

rouse1604

Bacchanalia1633

potmealc1639

bout1670

drinking-bout1673

carouse1690

carousal1765

drunk1779

bouse1786

toot1790

set-to1808

spree1811

fuddlea1813

screed1815

bust1834

lush1841

bender1846

bat1848

buster1848

burst1849

soak1851

binge1854

bumming1860

bust-out1861

bum1863

booze1864

drink1865

ran-tan1866

cupping1868

crawl1877

hellbender1877

break-away1885

periodical1886

jag1894

booze-up1897

slopping-up1899

souse1903

pub crawl1915

blind1917

beer-up1919

periodic1920

scoot1924

brannigan1927

rumba1934

boozeroo1943

sesh1943

session1943

piss-up1950

pink-eye1958

binge drinking1964

1920 C. E. Mulford Johnny Nelson xvii. 222 He says yore puncher was on th'worst bender he's seen in months... That's th' worst of them periodics! You can't never tell when they'll start.

Compounds

periodic classification n. Chemistry the classification of the chemical elements according to the periodic law.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > periodicity > [noun]

law of octaves1865

periodic law1872

periodic system1875

period1879

periodicity1879

periodic classification1881

periodic table1890

1881 Chem. News 14 Jan. 16/1 The criticism of Prof. Wurtz upon the periodic classification.

1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. i. 36 This elaborate investigation has eliminated all the elements of the first group of the periodic classification.

1995 Marketing Sci. 14 g31 Mendeléev's periodic classification of the chemical elements.

periodic comet n. Astronomy a comet with an observably elliptical orbit, esp. one that brings it into the inner solar system at regular intervals.

ΚΠ

1852 E. Cooper Cometic Orbits 9 The small inclinations of the orbits of periodic comets.

1925 Science 2 Oct. p. x/2 Brooks's comet [is] one of the seven periodic comets expected to visit the region of the earth this summer.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 505/2 The Comet Rendezvous and Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) spacecraft is to accompany the periodic comet Kopff over much of its orbit.

periodic error n. Mechanics and Physics an error that recurs at regular intervals and so can be predicted (and therefore corrected for).

ΚΠ

1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 160 We are golden averages, volitant stabilities, compensated or periodic errors.

1879 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 2 338 In consequence of the periodic error of the screw, a periodic inequality is produced in the ruling.

1953 K. J. Hume & G. H. Sharp Pract. Metrol. (1965) ii. v. 31 The periodic error is the error existing in one revolution of the micrometer and is usually caused by ‘drunkenness’ of the thread or eccentricity of the thimble or its graduations.

2002 Appl. Physics Lett. 81 3122 From scanning electron microscope observation of the crystals, the periodic error was determined to be within 50 nm.

periodic inequality n. Astronomy (now rare) a recurring perturbation in the orbit of a celestial object due to the gravitational attraction of another body.

ΚΠ

1830 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 120 340 The periods of the periodic inequalities of all the elliptic constants due to the action of the resisting medium are fractional parts of the periodic time of the planet.

1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 834 The periodic inequality in the photometric formula can be accounted for by the progressive motion of the periastron.

periodic law n. Chemistry the law that the chemical elements, when listed in order of their atomic numbers (originally, atomic weights), fall into recurring groups, so that elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > periodicity > [noun]

law of octaves1865

periodic law1872

periodic system1875

period1879

periodicity1879

periodic classification1881

periodic table1890

1907 Science 4 Jan. 10/2 Professor J. J. Thomson has succeeded in picturing the periodic law as an almost immediate consequence of the atomic structure which he has proposed.

1996 Isis 87 595 The reception of the periodic law of the elements..has attracted only a handful of historians, although the story of its discovery and verification is well known.

periodic system n. Chemistry = periodic classification n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > periodicity > [noun]

law of octaves1865

periodic law1872

periodic system1875

period1879

periodicity1879

periodic classification1881

periodic table1890

1875 Chem. News 24 Dec. 294/1 These characters of [gallium]..have been obtained..by considering its place in the periodic system of the elements.

1969 J. W. van Spronsen (title) The periodic system of chemical elements.

2001 Slavic Rev. 60 757 Mendeleyeev is best known as the formulator of the periodic system of chemical elements.

periodic table n. Chemistry a table of the elements arranged according to the periodic law; spec. one in which they are arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, such that groups of elements possessing analogous electronic structures, and hence exhibiting similar chemical properties, form vertical columns (groups) of the table.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > periodicity > [noun]

law of octaves1865

periodic law1872

periodic system1875

period1879

periodicity1879

periodic classification1881

periodic table1890

1890 Science 21 Feb. 126/2 The horizontal series in the periodic table to which the element belongs.

1930 Engineering 21 Mar. 372/2 The sequence of the elements in the old periodic table with its eight groups and seven periods.

1990 Sciences Jan. 4/3 When the elements are merely indexed by atomic weight, a list results, but when that list is arranged so that similar elements appear in vertical columns..the list becomes the periodic table.

periodic time n. (a) Astronomy = period n. 7b; (b) Science = period n. 7e.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > secondary planet, satellite > [noun] > time taken to perform orbit

period1646

periodic time1715

time1764

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. i. §84. 192 If the Sun were retained by the same Force [sc. gravity], propagated so far as itself, the Cubes of the Distances of the Sun and Moon..would have the same ratio as the Squares of their Periodic Times.

1862 W. Froude Rolling of Ships 75 All ships having the same ‘periodic time’, or period of natural roll, when artificially put in motion in still water, will go through the same series of movements.

1870 Nature 6 Oct. 461/1 The periodic time of a wave, its length.., and its speed of advance, are all related to each other by laws.

1977 Whitaker's Almanack 156/1 The squares of the periodic times vary as the cubes of the semi-major axes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	periodic
释义	periodicadj.¹n. Brit. /ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪk/, U.S. /ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk/ Forms: 1600s–1700s periodick, 1600s– periodic. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French périodique; Latin periodicus. Etymology: < French périodique (of symptoms) recurring at regular intervals (15th cent. in Middle French), (of the recurring motion of a celestial object) completed within a fixed period (1634), characterized by the use of rhetorical periods (1671), (of a magazine, journal, etc.) published at regular intervals (1721; 1872 as noun in this sense) and its etymon classical Latin periodicus intermittent (Pliny, of fevers), in post-classical Latin also characterized by the use of rhetorical periods (5th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek περιοδικός of or relating to the recurring motion of a celestial object, recurrent, intermittent (of fevers), characterized by the use of rhetorical periods < ancient Greek περίοδος period n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare earlier periodical adj.With use as noun (see sense B.) compare earlier periodical adj. 1. A. adj.¹ 1. Astronomy. Of or relating to the recurring motion of a celestial object, esp. in its orbit or apparent orbit. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [adjective] > movement in orbit periodical1603 periodic1650 revolutional1652 orbitual1806 orbital1846 orbituary1864 orbiting1951 1650 J. Howell Instr. Forren Travell (new ed.) App. 138 In as short a compas of time as the Sun finisheth his periodic annuall motion. 1694 W. Holder Disc. Time vi. 69 The moon has two accounts of her circuit,..one her periodic month, or month of peragration:..the other is her synodic month. 1769 Philos. Trans. 1768 (Royal Soc.) 58 179 The duplicate proportion of the periodic month to the anomalistic month. 1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy viii. 248 A direct method of ascertaining the periodic time of each planet. 1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 97 What the periodic time of the Moon would have been if our satellite had been devoid of mass. 1941 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 239 205 In order to examine the stability of the periodic motion [of Saturn's rings]..we shall find it necessary to proceed to approximations. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 54/2 Astrometric binaries are pairs in which the companion cannot be seen directly, but its presence may be inferred from the periodic motion of the brighter star. 2. a. Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. Of, relating to, or characterized by regularly recurring symptoms; (of symptoms) recurring at regular intervals. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > [adjective] > periodical or recurring at regular intervals continualc1530 periodical1585 termly1594 clock-like1609 terminal1610 stated1611 regular1639 periodic1661 clockwork1679 recursive1766 clockwork-like1875 tidal1876 seasonal1880 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [adjective] > fevers of specific duration quotidiana1393 quartana1398 ephemera1528 quartern?1549 semitertian1565 ephemeral1576 periodical1585 typic1601 septimane1634 ephemeran1643 hemitritaean1651 nonan1657 quintan1657 septan1657 sextan1657 quartanary1669 subintrant1747 periodic1805 octan1835 typical1853 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 365 The boulimos is a great periodick appetite, often ending in nauseousnesse. 1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 9 Periodic Potions for the Sick? 1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 88 The fevers of the periodic class exhibit great variety of condition. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 577 Slight periodic throbbing pains in the joints. 1928 Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry 19 865 The ‘explosive’ phenomena selected were infantile convulsions, breath-holding, head-banging and a miscellaneous group of periodic attacks. 1957 Science 27 Sept. 611/1 In patients other than schizophrenic, DMAE produces relief of periodic headache, functional bowel distress, and chronic fatigue syndromes. 1990 Brain 113 1372 Acetazolamide, initially tried in analogy with its effect in familial periodic ataxia.., has been used by 12 patients. b. Recurring at regular intervals, regular; (more generally) recurring or reappearing intermittently. ΚΠ 1750 H. Walpole Let. 2 Apr. in Lett. to H. Mann (1834) II. 328 I have advised several who are going to keep their next earthquake in the country to take the bark for it, as it is so periodic. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. viii. 92/2 Such a minnow is man;..his Ocean the immeasurable All; his Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of Providence. 1856 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay V. 25 The fretting..of anxiety, which..he kept alive by this periodic exaction. 1873 T. Hardy Pair of Blue Eyes II. xii. 252 His hopes for the best had been but periodic interruptions of a chronic fear of the worst. 1885 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 6 344/2 The twenty-second periodic celebration of the Trajaneia. 1940 G. Taylor Austral. viii. 181 The red soils indicate that the material has been peroxidized under a hot sun in an arid climate not subjected to periodic flooding. 1977 Washington Post 20 Feb. k6 The home-video idea..is making one of its periodic bids for attention. 1998 Borneo Bull. (Nexis) 7 Apr. There are two inter-monsoon periods in a year occurring before the periodic monsoon. 2002 N. Drury Dict. Esoteric 77/2 There have been periodic clashes with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. c. Mathematics. Of a function: such that the dependent variable returns to the same value at constant intervals of the independent variable (starting from any value of the independent variable). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to functions generating1671 exponential1704 discontinuous1803 functional1806 odd1812 periodic1820 syzygetic1850 convex1858 graphometric1865 polycyclic1869 subrational1875 synectic1876 variational1879 polyhedral1881 holomorphic1886 tropical1887 Gudermannian1888 monogeneous1888 monotonous1890 oscillating1893 monotonic1901 monotone1903 orthogonalized1909 schlicht1925 concave1942 deconvolved1974 unate1978 1820 C. Babbage Examples Functional Equations 4 To find periodic functions of the nth order. 1850 J. F. W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 140 400 If A_x, B_x, &c. be simply constant, the function may be termed a periodic one, since it assumes in periodic and constantly recurring succession the values A, B, C..N, A, B, &c. ad infinitum. 1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 13 A function of a variable, x, is said to be a periodic function..if its values repeat themselves for values of the variable differing by a constant. 1926 Proc. London Math. Soc. 25 495 H. Bohr..has constructed the theory of almost periodic functions. 1990 IMA Jrnl. Numerical Anal. 10 523 Each 2π-periodic function υ has a Fourier expansion. d. Physics. Of a physical phenomenon or structure: varying in such a way that the same state or attribute is regularly repeated in time or space; having a physical structure of this nature; exhibiting periodicity. ΚΠ 1836 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 126 136 It may be expected, like other tidal inequalities, to be resolvable into a non-periodic and a periodic part. 1859 S. Parkinson Optics (1866) 104 The cylindrical beams transmitted through these annular lenses sweep the horizon and produce a revolving or periodic light. 1899 W. S. Franklin & R. B. Williamson Elem. Alternating Currents v. 59 If a periodic force of given maximum value and given frequency acts upon the body..the body will be set vibrating at the same frequency as that of the force. 1934 Nature 16 June 916/1 The electron extracted from the atom may only move through the periodic field of the lattice with certain discrete energies. 1967 Brain 90 821 The rods showed a crystalline structure with characteristic periodic patterns. 1990 New Scientist 30 June 65/3 Slowly altering the value of R2 made the circuit pass through alternating regions of chaos and regular, periodic oscillations. 3. Of verbal or written style: characterized by the use of rhetorical periods (period n. 16); elevated, formal, ornamental. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > [adjective] > period periodical1683 periodic1701 1701 tr. J. Le Clerc Lives Primitive Fathers 276 Those Letters are not writ in a Periodick Style, as the Orations. 1709 E. Ward Humours of Coffee-house in Writings IV. 51 E'ery Sentence so precisely stiff, Was gravely stop'd with periodick whiff. 1828 T. De Quincey Elements Rhetoric in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 898/1 The splendour of his periodic diction, with his fine delivery, compensated his defect in imagery. 1860 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. xvii. 361 The Italian resembles the Latin in independence of fixed laws of periodic arrangement. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 527 Anaxagoras never attained to a connected or periodic style. 1937 J. P. Marquand Late George Apley i. 4 I could not avoid thinking of all the other lives which I had heard read out from that platform in sonorous, periodic sentences. 1992 Amer. Scholar Autumn 492/2 He wrote..wondrously intricate periodic sentences embedded in impressively lengthy, neatly pointed paragraphs. 4. = periodical adj. 5. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > periodical > [adjective] > relating to or characteristic of periodical1716 periodic1835 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism i. 19 The despotism of the Periodic Press. 1873 Appletons' Jrnl. 8 Mar. 339/1 Those whose nameless voices communicate, through the infinite reverberations of the periodic press, ideas whose originators we meanwhile lose sight of. 1904 Westm. Gaz. 30 Apr. 5/2 There is in all these respects no better model for the journalist or periodic writer. 1930 H. G. Wells Autocracy Mr. Parham ii. iv. 128 The need of a stronger and clearer guidance in our periodic literature. 1996 Russ. Rev. 55 9 The periodic press or literary almanacs and publicistic ventures of the period. 5. Chemistry. Of or relating to the periodicity of the elements. Cf. periodic classification n., periodic law n., periodic system n., periodic table n. at Compounds. ΚΠ 1872 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 43 251 The regular progression in physical and chemical properties observable in members of the same family..are either consequences of, or closely related to, these ‘periodic laws’. 1897 Science 1 Oct. 500/1 Let us turn our attention to..the atomic weight of argon, and its anomalous position in the periodic scheme of the elements. 1925 Science 20 Feb. 208/2 To establish the important facts concerning these missing elements, their location in the periodic scheme, [etc]. 1989 in Educ. in Chem. 26 154/2 Element 87, owing to its position in the periodic chart, is the most electropositive element. 6. Relating to a particular period of time; relating to or characteristic of a particular period of history (= period adj.). ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > [adjective] epochal1685 periodical1825 eral1861 periodic1884 1884 J. Tait Mind in Matter IV. 140 A periodic conception of the [six] ‘days’ would at once suggest itself,..the divine rest embracing an indefinite period. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 165/2 (advt.) Those with other preferences will find a ‘happy discovery’ among our large assortment of various periodic designs. 2001 Houston (Texas) Press (Nexis) 8 Mar. (Music section) There are plenty of bands playing tunes in periodic style that don't sound authentic to me. They may be playing an old tune, but are they putting themselves into the music? B. n. = periodical n. 2. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > drinking-bout cups1406 drinking?1518 banquet1535 Bacchanal1536 pot-revel1577 compotation1593 rouse1604 Bacchanalia1633 potmealc1639 bout1670 drinking-bout1673 carouse1690 carousal1765 drunk1779 bouse1786 toot1790 set-to1808 spree1811 fuddlea1813 screed1815 bust1834 lush1841 bender1846 bat1848 buster1848 burst1849 soak1851 binge1854 bumming1860 bust-out1861 bum1863 booze1864 drink1865 ran-tan1866 cupping1868 crawl1877 hellbender1877 break-away1885 periodical1886 jag1894 booze-up1897 slopping-up1899 souse1903 pub crawl1915 blind1917 beer-up1919 periodic1920 scoot1924 brannigan1927 rumba1934 boozeroo1943 sesh1943 session1943 piss-up1950 pink-eye1958 binge drinking1964 1920 C. E. Mulford Johnny Nelson xvii. 222 He says yore puncher was on th'worst bender he's seen in months... That's th' worst of them periodics! You can't never tell when they'll start. Compounds periodic classification n. Chemistry the classification of the chemical elements according to the periodic law. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > periodicity > [noun] law of octaves1865 periodic law1872 periodic system1875 period1879 periodicity1879 periodic classification1881 periodic table1890 1881 Chem. News 14 Jan. 16/1 The criticism of Prof. Wurtz upon the periodic classification. 1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. i. 36 This elaborate investigation has eliminated all the elements of the first group of the periodic classification. 1995 Marketing Sci. 14 g31 Mendeléev's periodic classification of the chemical elements. periodic comet n. Astronomy a comet with an observably elliptical orbit, esp. one that brings it into the inner solar system at regular intervals. ΚΠ 1852 E. Cooper Cometic Orbits 9 The small inclinations of the orbits of periodic comets. 1925 Science 2 Oct. p. x/2 Brooks's comet [is] one of the seven periodic comets expected to visit the region of the earth this summer. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 505/2 The Comet Rendezvous and Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) spacecraft is to accompany the periodic comet Kopff over much of its orbit. periodic error n. Mechanics and Physics an error that recurs at regular intervals and so can be predicted (and therefore corrected for). ΚΠ 1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 160 We are golden averages, volitant stabilities, compensated or periodic errors. 1879 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 2 338 In consequence of the periodic error of the screw, a periodic inequality is produced in the ruling. 1953 K. J. Hume & G. H. Sharp Pract. Metrol. (1965) ii. v. 31 The periodic error is the error existing in one revolution of the micrometer and is usually caused by ‘drunkenness’ of the thread or eccentricity of the thimble or its graduations. 2002 Appl. Physics Lett. 81 3122 From scanning electron microscope observation of the crystals, the periodic error was determined to be within 50 nm. periodic inequality n. Astronomy (now rare) a recurring perturbation in the orbit of a celestial object due to the gravitational attraction of another body. ΚΠ 1830 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 120 340 The periods of the periodic inequalities of all the elliptic constants due to the action of the resisting medium are fractional parts of the periodic time of the planet. 1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 834 The periodic inequality in the photometric formula can be accounted for by the progressive motion of the periastron. periodic law n. Chemistry the law that the chemical elements, when listed in order of their atomic numbers (originally, atomic weights), fall into recurring groups, so that elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > periodicity > [noun] law of octaves1865 periodic law1872 periodic system1875 period1879 periodicity1879 periodic classification1881 periodic table1890 1872 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 43 251 The regular progression in physical and chemical properties observable in members of the same family..are either consequences of, or closely related to, these ‘periodic laws’. 1907 Science 4 Jan. 10/2 Professor J. J. Thomson has succeeded in picturing the periodic law as an almost immediate consequence of the atomic structure which he has proposed. 1996 Isis 87 595 The reception of the periodic law of the elements..has attracted only a handful of historians, although the story of its discovery and verification is well known. periodic system n. Chemistry = periodic classification n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > periodicity > [noun] law of octaves1865 periodic law1872 periodic system1875 period1879 periodicity1879 periodic classification1881 periodic table1890 1875 Chem. News 24 Dec. 294/1 These characters of [gallium]..have been obtained..by considering its place in the periodic system of the elements. 1969 J. W. van Spronsen (title) The periodic system of chemical elements. 2001 Slavic Rev. 60 757 Mendeleyeev is best known as the formulator of the periodic system of chemical elements. periodic table n. Chemistry a table of the elements arranged according to the periodic law; spec. one in which they are arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, such that groups of elements possessing analogous electronic structures, and hence exhibiting similar chemical properties, form vertical columns (groups) of the table. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > periodicity > [noun] law of octaves1865 periodic law1872 periodic system1875 period1879 periodicity1879 periodic classification1881 periodic table1890 1890 Science 21 Feb. 126/2 The horizontal series in the periodic table to which the element belongs. 1930 Engineering 21 Mar. 372/2 The sequence of the elements in the old periodic table with its eight groups and seven periods. 1990 Sciences Jan. 4/3 When the elements are merely indexed by atomic weight, a list results, but when that list is arranged so that similar elements appear in vertical columns..the list becomes the periodic table. periodic time n. (a) Astronomy = period n. 7b; (b) Science = period n. 7e. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > secondary planet, satellite > [noun] > time taken to perform orbit period1646 periodic time1715 time1764 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. i. §84. 192 If the Sun were retained by the same Force [sc. gravity], propagated so far as itself, the Cubes of the Distances of the Sun and Moon..would have the same ratio as the Squares of their Periodic Times. 1862 W. Froude Rolling of Ships 75 All ships having the same ‘periodic time’, or period of natural roll, when artificially put in motion in still water, will go through the same series of movements. 1870 Nature 6 Oct. 461/1 The periodic time of a wave, its length.., and its speed of advance, are all related to each other by laws. 1977 Whitaker's Almanack 156/1 The squares of the periodic times vary as the cubes of the semi-major axes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). periodicadj.² Brit. /ˌpəːrʌɪˈɒdɪk/, U.S. /ˌpəraɪˈɑdɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: per- prefix, iodic adj. Etymology: < per- prefix + iodic adj. Compare earlier periodide n. Compare also periodate n. Chemistry. 1. periodic acid n. any of several oxoacids of iodine that contain a higher proportion of oxygen than iodic acid and differ from one another in their degrees of hydration; spec. the acid H₅IO₆. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [noun] > acids-named > containing halogen > iodine iodic acid1815 oxyiodic1815 periodic acid1836 hypo-iodic acid1854 hypo-iodous acid1865 1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) 343 An aqueous solution of pure periodic acid is formed. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. 117 Periodic Acid. IO₇ = 183·1. Analogous to perchloric acid. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxiv. 314 Periodic acid..is formed from iodic acid by electrolytic oxidation. 1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. vii. 134 Diphosphoinositide, isolated by Folch and Sperry, was also found to react with two molecules of periodic acid to yield one molecule of formic acid. 2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 2197/2 Endogenous peroxidase activity was inhibited by incubation in 0.01 mol/liter periodic acid. 2. periodic acid-Schiff adj. and n. (a) adj. designating or relating to a procedure for the detection of carbohydrates by first oxidizing them to polyaldehydes with periodic acid and then staining with Schiff's reagent; (b) n. the procedure itself. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic chemical tests > [noun] > Schiff's test > periodic acid-Schiff periodic acid-Schiff1947 1947 Jrnl. Lab. & Clin. Med. 32 911 McManus reported the use of a periodic acid-Schiff technique for the demonstration of mucin. 1960 E. Gurr Encycl. Microsc. Stains i. 274 The author describes..results obtained with silver staining and periodic acid-Schiff. 1974 H. C. Cook Man. Histol. Demonstration Techniques i. 16 They [sc. basement membranes] may be demonstrated..by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique. 1990 Internat. Immunol. 2 1017/1 The proteins..were stained with periodic acid-Schiff on the gels under reducing conditions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.¹n.1650adj.²1836
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periodicadj.1n.

Compounds

periodicadj.2

periodicadj.¹n.

periodicadj.²