penalizev.
/ˈpiːnəlʌɪz/, /ˈpiːnl̩ʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈpɛnlˌaɪz/, /ˈpinlˌaɪz/ 1.
a. transitive. To impose a penalty or restriction on. Hence: to put at a disadvantage.
ΚΠ
1843 Jrnl. House of Representatives State of Indiana (28th Session of General Assembly) 58 The propriety of the revision of the militia laws and to penalize officers according to rank—to compel them to do their duty enjoined on them by law and soldiers in like manner.
1854 Era 3 Sept. 12/3 Publicans were penalised for the faults of others, as if a man got drunk, he alone ought to be punished for a breach of morality and decency.
1888 Times 31 Aug. 7/1 The principle of ‘penalizing’ bounty-fed sugar has been adopted by all the Powers.
1896 Cape Argus 7 Nov. We have no income tax, and in order to raise revenue..the poor man is penalized at almost every point of the Customs compass.
1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 4 July 1/2 In the past this class of ore has been heavily penalized owing to the fact that the ordinary smelter was not able to separate the ore into its constituent parts without the loss of one or other of the constituents.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 15 July 109/2 I believe that society has been penalized by the very success of the drug industry.
1993 Fort Collins (Colorado) Triangle Rev. 5 Aug. 5/1 A surtax on capital gains would also penalize small-businesspeople and farmers.
b. transitive. Horse Racing. To handicap (a horse).
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1848 Era 8 Oct. 3/3 If Honeycomb has any pretensions to the character of a race horse, not being penalised for this event, he ought to win.
1893 Times 12 June 7/2 The Duke of Portland's Schoolbook (penalized 10 lb.) and Lord Cadogan's Stowmarket are the best of the public performers.
1968 M. B. Scott Racing Game iv. 60 If a horse wins a handicap race easily, it will be severely penalized in future weight assignments.
2014 M. Greene Kentucky Handicap Horse Racing Pref. 9 In handicap racing, good Thoroughbreds are penalized. They must carry more weight than less talented opponents.
c. transitive. Sport. To punish (a team, player, etc.) for a breach of the rules; to impose a penalty on; to rule against in a competition, etc.
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society > leisure > sport > judging or umpiring > umpire or referee [verb (transitive)] > punish
penalize1868
to send off1906
sin-bin1983
1868 W. B. Dick Mod. Pocket Hoyle 316 The player should not be penalized for failing to accomplish an impossibility.
1894–5 Rugby Union Football Handbk. 11 ‘Offside’ is still penalised in the loose, but not Solon himself..could define where a scrummage ends and the loose begins.
1935 Encycl. Sports, Games & Pastimes 701 The referee may also penalise a side if any of the players holds the ball under the water when tackled.
1964 G. C. Kunzle Parallel Bars ix. 410 Movements whose execution is technically bad should be severely penalised.
1994 Dog World June 172/1 A barrel-chested, big-bodied dog or one which is slab-sided and lacking substance is atypical and should be penalized.
2. transitive. To make or declare (an action, system, etc.) penal or legally punishable.
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society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > render liable to
undercast1382
pain1516
impose1568
penalize1854
sanction1956
1854 Morning Post 28 June 2/2 It had been found necessary to extend and penalise the laws of bankruptcy.
1872 G. A. Dean Culture, Managem., & Improvem. Landed Estates xi. 106 There are farmers who still persist in pursuing the antiquated plan of sowing winter grain on stubble land,—a reprehensible practice, which should be penalized, as it causes dirty fields and inferior crops to be grown in them.
1879 T. H. S. Escott England I. 260 The law..prohibits and penalises the employment of all children under ten years of age.
1890 Tablet 17 May 765 The Ecclesiastical Titles Act..penalising the assumption of territorial titles by Catholic Bishops.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 238/1 The Indecent Advertisements Act of 1889..penalized the public exposure of any picture or printed or written matter of an indecent or obscene nature.
1991 Internat. Jrnl. Law & Family 5 282 Adultery, concubinage and the use of contraceptives were penalized.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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