penal servituden.

Brit.

/ˌpiːnl ˈsəːvᵻtjuːd/,

/ˌpiːnl ˈsəːvᵻtʃuːd/, U.S.

/ˌpin(ə)l ˈsərvəˌt(j)ud/

Forms: see penal adj.¹ and servitude n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: penal adj.¹, servitude n.

Etymology: < penal adj.¹ + servitude n., after post-classical Latin poenalis servitus (5th cent. in Augustine: see quot. 1610 at sense 1). Compare also classical Latin servitūs poenae enslavement for serious crimes, French servitude pénale (1740 in the passage translated in quot. 1741 at sense 1).

1. gen. Any form of punishment involving servitude; service that acts as a punishment; an instance of this.In later use chiefly with conscious reference to sense 2.

ΚΠ

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xix. xv. 773 Penall seruitude [L. poenalis seruitus] had the institution from that law which..forbiddeth the disturbance of natures order: for if that law had not first beene transgressed [by man], penall seruitude had neuer beene enioyned.

1850 D. Webster Speech in Senate 7 Mar. 10 I understand that peonism, a sort of penal servitude, exists there, or rather a sort of voluntary sale of a man and his offspring for debt.

1923 H. H. Johnston Story of my Life vi. 138 A divergent sect of Presbyterians who had invented a form of Penal Servitude to take the place of a religion.

1991 M. Binchy Circle of Friends (BNC) 33 Who knows what light housework means? One nun's light could be another nun's penal servitude.

2. Law. A prison sentence involving hard labour; spec. a punishment involving imprisonment or confinement with compulsory labour, introduced in Britain in 1853 to replace the system of transportation and abolished by the Criminal Justice Act of 1948. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > with hard labour

penal servitude1776

1776 Middlesex Jrnl. 9 May The House then went into a Committee on the Bill for altering the punishment of Transportation for certain species of Felony into Hard Labour. The motion for committing the Bill was strongly opposed..it was urged, that the introduction of penal servitude into the kingdom was a novelty of a very dangerous nature.

1853 Act 16 & 17 Victoria c. 99 §6 Every Person..ordered to be kept in Penal Servitude..may during such term be kept to Hard Labour.

1853 Times 12 July 2/4 Those who would have been transported for seven years, but who were now kept in what he called ‘penal servitude’ for a term of four years,..those who had been transported for 10 years to have penal servitude for 8; those above 15 to have penal servitude for 10 years, which they might be sent to Malta, Gibraltar, Bermuda, and other places to fulfil.

1866 Morning Star 19 Dec. 2/4 I will tell the truth, or else I shall get a ‘tenner’ (ten years' penal servitude).

1883 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 174 The stigma of penal servitude is..lasting.

1903 G. B. Shaw Revolutionist's Handbk. viii, in Man & Superman 210 Whilst these pages are being written an English judge has sentenced a forger to twenty years penal servitude.

1927 W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 77 A convict doing penal or doing time i.e. sentenced to penal servitude, is sometimes called a lag.

1947 Rep. Commissioners of Prisons 1945 64 in Parl. Papers 1946–7 (Cmd. 7146) XIV. 155 The provisions of this Bill [sc. the Criminal Justice Bill, 1938]..proposed..the abolition of sentences of Penal Servitude and imprisonment with Hard Labour.

1977 J. Burke Jowitt's Dict. Eng. Law (ed. 2) II. 1359/2 Penal servitude..might be for life or any period not less than three years.

2002 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) (Nexis) 20 Feb. 2 The Tokyo District Court on Tuesday sentenced two 19-year-old youths to penal servitude for an indeterminate term of three to five years for fatally beating a bank employee.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	penal servitude
释义	penal servituden. Brit. /ˌpiːnl ˈsəːvᵻtjuːd/, /ˌpiːnl ˈsəːvᵻtʃuːd/, U.S. /ˌpin(ə)l ˈsərvəˌt(j)ud/ Forms: see penal adj.¹ and servitude n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: penal adj.¹, servitude n. Etymology: < penal adj.¹ + servitude n., after post-classical Latin poenalis servitus (5th cent. in Augustine: see quot. 1610 at sense 1). Compare also classical Latin servitūs poenae enslavement for serious crimes, French servitude pénale (1740 in the passage translated in quot. 1741 at sense 1). 1. gen. Any form of punishment involving servitude; service that acts as a punishment; an instance of this.In later use chiefly with conscious reference to sense 2. ΚΠ 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xix. xv. 773 Penall seruitude [L. poenalis seruitus] had the institution from that law which..forbiddeth the disturbance of natures order: for if that law had not first beene transgressed [by man], penall seruitude had neuer beene enioyned. 1850 D. Webster Speech in Senate 7 Mar. 10 I understand that peonism, a sort of penal servitude, exists there, or rather a sort of voluntary sale of a man and his offspring for debt. 1923 H. H. Johnston Story of my Life vi. 138 A divergent sect of Presbyterians who had invented a form of Penal Servitude to take the place of a religion. 1991 M. Binchy Circle of Friends (BNC) 33 Who knows what light housework means? One nun's light could be another nun's penal servitude. 2. Law. A prison sentence involving hard labour; spec. a punishment involving imprisonment or confinement with compulsory labour, introduced in Britain in 1853 to replace the system of transportation and abolished by the Criminal Justice Act of 1948. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > with hard labour penal servitude1776 1776 Middlesex Jrnl. 9 May The House then went into a Committee on the Bill for altering the punishment of Transportation for certain species of Felony into Hard Labour. The motion for committing the Bill was strongly opposed..it was urged, that the introduction of penal servitude into the kingdom was a novelty of a very dangerous nature. 1853 Act 16 & 17 Victoria c. 99 §6 Every Person..ordered to be kept in Penal Servitude..may during such term be kept to Hard Labour. 1853 Times 12 July 2/4 Those who would have been transported for seven years, but who were now kept in what he called ‘penal servitude’ for a term of four years,..those who had been transported for 10 years to have penal servitude for 8; those above 15 to have penal servitude for 10 years, which they might be sent to Malta, Gibraltar, Bermuda, and other places to fulfil. 1866 Morning Star 19 Dec. 2/4 I will tell the truth, or else I shall get a ‘tenner’ (ten years' penal servitude). 1883 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 174 The stigma of penal servitude is..lasting. 1903 G. B. Shaw Revolutionist's Handbk. viii, in Man & Superman 210 Whilst these pages are being written an English judge has sentenced a forger to twenty years penal servitude. 1927 W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 77 A convict doing penal or doing time i.e. sentenced to penal servitude, is sometimes called a lag. 1947 Rep. Commissioners of Prisons 1945 64 in Parl. Papers 1946–7 (Cmd. 7146) XIV. 155 The provisions of this Bill [sc. the Criminal Justice Bill, 1938]..proposed..the abolition of sentences of Penal Servitude and imprisonment with Hard Labour. 1977 J. Burke Jowitt's Dict. Eng. Law (ed. 2) II. 1359/2 Penal servitude..might be for life or any period not less than three years. 2002 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) (Nexis) 20 Feb. 2 The Tokyo District Court on Tuesday sentenced two 19-year-old youths to penal servitude for an indeterminate term of three to five years for fatally beating a bank employee. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1610
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