baroqueadj.n.

/bəˈrəʊk/

Etymology: < French baroque adjective, < Portuguese barroco, Spanish barrueco, rough or imperfect pearl; of uncertain origin. In earlier Spanish, Minsheu 1623 has ‘berruca, berruga a wart’ (evidently Latin verruca), also ‘berrueco a hillocke, a wart,’ ‘berrocál a place full of hillocks’; modern Portuguese has besides barroco ‘rough or Scotch pearl,’ barroca ‘a gutter made by a water-flood’ Vieyra, ‘uneven stony ground’ (Diez), which some etymologists refer to Arabic burāq, plural of burqah ‘hard earth mixed with stones, pebbly place’ (Freytag). Diez has also suggested confusion of the ending with roca, rocca rock: the forms in o, ue, cannot come directly < Latin verrūca. Littré's suggestion that the word is identical with the logical term baroko seems to rest on no historical evidence; yet form-association with that may have influenced the later English and French use.

A. adj.

Irregularly shaped; whimsical, grotesque, odd. (‘Originally a jeweller's term, soon much extended in sense.’ Brachet.) Applied spec. to a florid style of architectural decoration which arose in Italy in the late Renaissance and became prevalent in Europe during the 18th century. Also absol. as n. and transferred in reference to other arts. This term and rococo are not infrequently used without distinction for styles of ornament characterized by profusion, oddity of combinations, or abnormal features generally.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [adjective] > specific style

Moorish1434

savage1548

damaskeen1551

grotesque1603

Mogul1617

pierced1756

baroque1765

rocaille1776

rococo1830

plateresque1845

Alhambresque1848

François Premier1850

Mudéjar1865

serio-grotesque1873

famille verte1876

barocco1877

rococoesque1885

famille rose1893

famille noire1898

Ch'ien Lung1901

Marie Antoinette1909

Mosan1910

famille jaune1923

Romanizing1936

quatre-couleur1959

penworked1965

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > other styles

florida1706

massive1723

rounded1757

round-arched1782

castellar1789

baronial1807

rational1813

English colonial1817

massy1817

transitional1817

Scottish Baronial1829

rococo1830

flamboyant1832

Scotch Baronial1833

Churrigueresque1845

Russo-Byzantine1845

soaring1849

trenchant1849

vernacular1857

Scots Baronial1864

baroque1867

Perp.1867

rayonnant1873

Dutch colonial1876

Neo-Grec1878

rococoesque1885

Richardsonian1887

federal1894

organic1896

confectionery1897

European-style1907

postmodern1916

Lutyens1921

modern1927

moderne1928

functionalist1930

Williamsburg1931

Colonial Revival1934

packing case1935

Corbusian1936

lavatorial1936

pseudish1938

Adamesque1942

rationalist1952

Miesian1956

open-planned1958

Lutyensesque1961

façade1962

Odeon1964

high-tech1979

Populuxe1986

1765 H. Fuseli tr. J. J. Winckelmann Refl. on Painting & Sculpt. Greeks 122 This style in decorations got the epithet of Barroque taste, derived from a word signifying pearls and teeth of unequal size.

1846 Athenæum 17 Jan. 58/2 Sometimes baroque, Mr. Browning is never ignoble: pushing versification to the extremity of all rational allowances, and sometimes beyond it, with a hardihood of rhythm and cadence little short of Hudibrastic.

1851 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. I. Introd. 44 Which rendered every name and thing connected with the mediæval periods baroque or absurd.

1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys 77 The building..coldly classic or frantically baroque.

1877 Baedeker's Central Italy & Rome (ed. 5) p. lix The authors of the degenerated Renaissance known as Baroque were really Vignola (1507–73) and Fontana's nephew Carlo Maderna (1556–1639)... An undoubted vigour in the disposition of detail, a feeling for vastness and pomp, together with an internal decoration which spared neither colour nor costly material to secure an effect of dazzling splendour: such are the distinguishing attributes of the Baroque style.

1882 A. Beresford-Hope Brandreths I. i. 3 Studded with baroque pearls.

1921 B. F. Fletcher Hist. Archit. (ed. 6) i. 546 In the fullness of time the Renaissance..passed into the Baroque, which at the beginning of the seventeenth century gave expression once again to the human side in architecture, for it was a spontaneous breaking away from orthodoxy in plan, design, and treatment.

1928 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Mar. 188/2 French-Canadian art..is being recognized..as a baroque style which is other than the European baroques.

1938 W. S. Maugham Summing Up 28 The sonorous periods and the baroque massiveness of Jacobean language.

1938 Mod. Lang. Notes Oct. 547 The period of literature..described as ‘baroque’ ends about 1690, when German baroque architecture..is beginning to develop.

1949 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 June 376/4 The word ‘baroque’..has come to be accepted as a convenient portmanteau term which covers the music composed between 1580 and 1750 and the plastic arts of an era which begins and ends slightly earlier.

1953 O. de Mourgues (title) Metaphysical, Baroque and précieux poetry.

1953 J. Summerson Archit. Brit. 1530 to 1830 iii. 125 (heading) Wren and the Baroque (1660–1710).

1953 J. Summerson Archit. Brit. 1530 to 1830 xvii. 172 At Blenheim the English Baroque culminates.

1953 J. Summerson Archit. Brit. 1530 to 1830 xvii. 178 Its spirit is the emotional spirit of English Baroque, and it was that which touched Burlington's antipathies.

1954 L. D. Ettlinger in Listener 2 Dec. 954/1 The robustness of the Baroque gives way [in the 18th cent.] to the gentler graces of Rococo.

1957 T. S. Eliot On Poetry & Poets 167 The conjunction of Christian and classical imagery [in Lycidas] is in accord with a baroque taste which did not please the eighteenth century.

B. n.

Grotesque or whimsical ornamentation.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [noun] > specific style

rocaille1810

rococo1835

serio-grotesque1858

barocco1877

baroque1879

1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany II. 358 French baroque was too much under Palladian influence to be other than formal.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	baroque
释义	baroqueadj.n. /bəˈrəʊk/ Etymology: < French baroque adjective, < Portuguese barroco, Spanish barrueco, rough or imperfect pearl; of uncertain origin. In earlier Spanish, Minsheu 1623 has ‘berruca, berruga a wart’ (evidently Latin verruca), also ‘berrueco a hillocke, a wart,’ ‘berrocál a place full of hillocks’; modern Portuguese has besides barroco ‘rough or Scotch pearl,’ barroca ‘a gutter made by a water-flood’ Vieyra, ‘uneven stony ground’ (Diez), which some etymologists refer to Arabic burāq, plural of burqah ‘hard earth mixed with stones, pebbly place’ (Freytag). Diez has also suggested confusion of the ending with roca, rocca rock: the forms in o, ue, cannot come directly < Latin verrūca. Littré's suggestion that the word is identical with the logical term baroko seems to rest on no historical evidence; yet form-association with that may have influenced the later English and French use. A. adj. Irregularly shaped; whimsical, grotesque, odd. (‘Originally a jeweller's term, soon much extended in sense.’ Brachet.) Applied spec. to a florid style of architectural decoration which arose in Italy in the late Renaissance and became prevalent in Europe during the 18th century. Also absol. as n. and transferred in reference to other arts. This term and rococo are not infrequently used without distinction for styles of ornament characterized by profusion, oddity of combinations, or abnormal features generally. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [adjective] > specific style Moorish1434 savage1548 damaskeen1551 grotesque1603 Mogul1617 pierced1756 baroque1765 rocaille1776 rococo1830 plateresque1845 Alhambresque1848 François Premier1850 Mudéjar1865 serio-grotesque1873 famille verte1876 barocco1877 rococoesque1885 famille rose1893 famille noire1898 Ch'ien Lung1901 Marie Antoinette1909 Mosan1910 famille jaune1923 Romanizing1936 quatre-couleur1959 penworked1965 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > other styles florida1706 massive1723 rounded1757 round-arched1782 castellar1789 baronial1807 rational1813 English colonial1817 massy1817 transitional1817 Scottish Baronial1829 rococo1830 flamboyant1832 Scotch Baronial1833 Churrigueresque1845 Russo-Byzantine1845 soaring1849 trenchant1849 vernacular1857 Scots Baronial1864 baroque1867 Perp.1867 rayonnant1873 Dutch colonial1876 Neo-Grec1878 rococoesque1885 Richardsonian1887 federal1894 organic1896 confectionery1897 European-style1907 postmodern1916 Lutyens1921 modern1927 moderne1928 functionalist1930 Williamsburg1931 Colonial Revival1934 packing case1935 Corbusian1936 lavatorial1936 pseudish1938 Adamesque1942 rationalist1952 Miesian1956 open-planned1958 Lutyensesque1961 façade1962 Odeon1964 high-tech1979 Populuxe1986 1765 H. Fuseli tr. J. J. Winckelmann Refl. on Painting & Sculpt. Greeks 122 This style in decorations got the epithet of Barroque taste, derived from a word signifying pearls and teeth of unequal size. 1846 Athenæum 17 Jan. 58/2 Sometimes baroque, Mr. Browning is never ignoble: pushing versification to the extremity of all rational allowances, and sometimes beyond it, with a hardihood of rhythm and cadence little short of Hudibrastic. 1851 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. I. Introd. 44 Which rendered every name and thing connected with the mediæval periods baroque or absurd. 1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys 77 The building..coldly classic or frantically baroque. 1877 Baedeker's Central Italy & Rome (ed. 5) p. lix The authors of the degenerated Renaissance known as Baroque were really Vignola (1507–73) and Fontana's nephew Carlo Maderna (1556–1639)... An undoubted vigour in the disposition of detail, a feeling for vastness and pomp, together with an internal decoration which spared neither colour nor costly material to secure an effect of dazzling splendour: such are the distinguishing attributes of the Baroque style. 1882 A. Beresford-Hope Brandreths I. i. 3 Studded with baroque pearls. 1921 B. F. Fletcher Hist. Archit. (ed. 6) i. 546 In the fullness of time the Renaissance..passed into the Baroque, which at the beginning of the seventeenth century gave expression once again to the human side in architecture, for it was a spontaneous breaking away from orthodoxy in plan, design, and treatment. 1928 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Mar. 188/2 French-Canadian art..is being recognized..as a baroque style which is other than the European baroques. 1938 W. S. Maugham Summing Up 28 The sonorous periods and the baroque massiveness of Jacobean language. 1938 Mod. Lang. Notes Oct. 547 The period of literature..described as ‘baroque’ ends about 1690, when German baroque architecture..is beginning to develop. 1949 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 June 376/4 The word ‘baroque’..has come to be accepted as a convenient portmanteau term which covers the music composed between 1580 and 1750 and the plastic arts of an era which begins and ends slightly earlier. 1953 O. de Mourgues (title) Metaphysical, Baroque and précieux poetry. 1953 J. Summerson Archit. Brit. 1530 to 1830 iii. 125 (heading) Wren and the Baroque (1660–1710). 1953 J. Summerson Archit. Brit. 1530 to 1830 xvii. 172 At Blenheim the English Baroque culminates. 1953 J. Summerson Archit. Brit. 1530 to 1830 xvii. 178 Its spirit is the emotional spirit of English Baroque, and it was that which touched Burlington's antipathies. 1954 L. D. Ettlinger in Listener 2 Dec. 954/1 The robustness of the Baroque gives way [in the 18th cent.] to the gentler graces of Rococo. 1957 T. S. Eliot On Poetry & Poets 167 The conjunction of Christian and classical imagery [in Lycidas] is in accord with a baroque taste which did not please the eighteenth century. B. n. Grotesque or whimsical ornamentation. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [noun] > specific style rocaille1810 rococo1835 serio-grotesque1858 barocco1877 baroque1879 1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany II. 358 French baroque was too much under Palladian influence to be other than formal. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < adj.n.1765
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