penultimaadj.n.

Brit.

/pᵻˈnʌltᵻmə/,

/pɛˈnʌltᵻmə/, U.S.

/pəˈnəltəmə/

Forms: 1500s 1700s– penultima; also Scottish pre-1700 penultyma.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin paenultima.

Etymology: < classical Latin paenultima, feminine of paenultimus penultim adj. (see note). In sense B. 1 < classical Latin paenultima , use as noun (short for paenultima syllaba ) of paenultima , adjective. In sense B. 2 < post-classical Latin paenultima (14th cent.), use as noun (short for paenultima nota (14th cent.)) of paenultima , adjective; compare also quot. 1745 at sense A. Compare later penultimate adj.; with use as noun in sense B. 1 compare later penultimate n. 2.In quot. 1416 at sense A. the feminine form of the Latin adjective is perhaps used because classical Latin diēs ‘day’ may be feminine (see diurnal adj. and n.).

†A. adj.

Last but one in serial order; = penultimate adj. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [adjective] > penultimate

penultima1416

penultim1436

penult1490

penultimate1677

1416 King James I Let. 30 Jan. in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) IV. 234 Writtyn..at Stratforde Awe, the penultyma day of Janueir.

1745 J. Bentham Let. 5 Apr. in R. M. Wilson Anglican Chant & Chanting (1996) iii. 93 The antepenultima & penultima crotchets.

B. n.

1. Grammar and Prosody. The penultimate syllable of a word or foot.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > syllabic sound > syllable > last syllable but one

penultima1589

penultc1620

penultimate1728

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. iii.* 59 The sharpe accent falles vpon the penultima or last saue one sillable of the verse.

1705 tr. A. Dacier in tr. Aristotle Art of Poetry xxvi. 469 Hippias of Thasos salves that Poet, by shewing, that instead of δίδομεν, Let us give, he writ it with an Accent on the Penultima διδόμεν.

1749 J. Mason Ess. Power & Harmony Prosaic Numbers 26 It is plain he read it thus ειμᾱρμένη̄ν, without any Regard to the Accent on the Penultima (μέ).

1818 E. V. Blomfield tr. A. H. Matthiæ Greek Gram. 958 Properispomena, which have the circumflex on the penultima.

1861 F. W. Newman Homeric Transl. in Theory & Pract. 16 The Greek prose accent, by reason of oxytons and paroxytons, and accent on the antepenultima in spite of a long penultima, totally resists all such compromise.

1938 I. Goldberg Wonder of Words ix. 186 The syllables themselves are named from their position... The second-last is the penultima.

1996 Poetics Today 17 111 It is essential to note that in Welsh, polysyllabic words are stressed on the penultima, the last syllable but one.

†2. The penultimate note in a musical series. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > ancient Greek scales > notes of tetrachords

mese1597

proslambanomenos1597

subprincipal1597

hypate1603

nete1603

paramese1603

paranete1603

parhypate1706

penultima1745

1745 J. Bentham Let. 5 Apr. in R. M. Wilson Anglican Chant & Chanting (1996) iii. 93 The penultima a quaver, & the ultima a minim.

1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. 9 Paranete Synemmenon, penultima of this tetrachord.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	penultima
释义	penultimaadj.n. Brit. /pᵻˈnʌltᵻmə/, /pɛˈnʌltᵻmə/, U.S. /pəˈnəltəmə/ Forms: 1500s 1700s– penultima; also Scottish pre-1700 penultyma. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin paenultima. Etymology: < classical Latin paenultima, feminine of paenultimus penultim adj. (see note). In sense B. 1 < classical Latin paenultima , use as noun (short for paenultima syllaba ) of paenultima , adjective. In sense B. 2 < post-classical Latin paenultima (14th cent.), use as noun (short for paenultima nota (14th cent.)) of paenultima , adjective; compare also quot. 1745 at sense A. Compare later penultimate adj.; with use as noun in sense B. 1 compare later penultimate n. 2.In quot. 1416 at sense A. the feminine form of the Latin adjective is perhaps used because classical Latin diēs ‘day’ may be feminine (see diurnal adj. and n.). †A. adj. Last but one in serial order; = penultimate adj. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [adjective] > penultimate penultima1416 penultim1436 penult1490 penultimate1677 1416 King James I Let. 30 Jan. in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) IV. 234 Writtyn..at Stratforde Awe, the penultyma day of Janueir. 1745 J. Bentham Let. 5 Apr. in R. M. Wilson Anglican Chant & Chanting (1996) iii. 93 The antepenultima & penultima crotchets. B. n. 1. Grammar and Prosody. The penultimate syllable of a word or foot. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > syllabic sound > syllable > last syllable but one penultima1589 penultc1620 penultimate1728 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. iii.* 59 The sharpe accent falles vpon the penultima or last saue one sillable of the verse. 1705 tr. A. Dacier in tr. Aristotle Art of Poetry xxvi. 469 Hippias of Thasos salves that Poet, by shewing, that instead of δίδομεν, Let us give, he writ it with an Accent on the Penultima διδόμεν. 1749 J. Mason Ess. Power & Harmony Prosaic Numbers 26 It is plain he read it thus ειμᾱρμένη̄ν, without any Regard to the Accent on the Penultima (μέ). 1818 E. V. Blomfield tr. A. H. Matthiæ Greek Gram. 958 Properispomena, which have the circumflex on the penultima. 1861 F. W. Newman Homeric Transl. in Theory & Pract. 16 The Greek prose accent, by reason of oxytons and paroxytons, and accent on the antepenultima in spite of a long penultima, totally resists all such compromise. 1938 I. Goldberg Wonder of Words ix. 186 The syllables themselves are named from their position... The second-last is the penultima. 1996 Poetics Today 17 111 It is essential to note that in Welsh, polysyllabic words are stressed on the penultima, the last syllable but one. †2. The penultimate note in a musical series. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > ancient Greek scales > notes of tetrachords mese1597 proslambanomenos1597 subprincipal1597 hypate1603 nete1603 paramese1603 paranete1603 parhypate1706 penultima1745 1745 J. Bentham Let. 5 Apr. in R. M. Wilson Anglican Chant & Chanting (1996) iii. 93 The penultima a quaver, & the ultima a minim. 1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. 9 Paranete Synemmenon, penultima of this tetrachord. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1416
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