| 释义 |
penthousen. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pentis. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pentiz, pentyz, pentice, pentis, pentes (1st half of the 13th cent.), apparently aphetic < Anglo-Norman apentiz , appentice , etc., penthouse, outbuilding, dependency (12th cent.; compare Middle French apentis , French regional (Walloon) pindisse ), ultimately < appendre append v.1 with uncertain suffixation. Compare post-classical Latin appendicium (also appenditium ) attached building, lean-to (from 12th cent. in British sources; from 13th cent. in continental sources; used in Promp. Parv. (see quot. 1440 at β. forms) and Catholicon Anglicum (see quot. ?c1475 at sense 1a) to gloss pentyce , pentis ), earlier in sense ‘appendage’ (4th or 5th cent.) < classical Latin appendic- , appendix appendix n. + -ium (see -y suffix4). Post-classical Latin also has the aphetic form penticium subsidiary structure or annexe attached to a wall of a building (frequently from13th cent. in British sources; 1325 as pendicium ). Compare appentice n.In Middle English occasionally unchanged in the plural. In γ. forms reinterpreted (by folk etymology) as < French pente slope (perhaps after the common shape of a lean-to with a single sloped roof: see pent n.2) and house n.1 Compare Anglo-Norman pentthous (1371–5), presumably a borrowing from English, but which considerably antedates evidence for γ. forms in English. With spec. use of the Pentice in Chester at sense 1b compare post-classical Latin Curia Appenticii (1403, a1550 in British sources), Pendicia (c1500 in a British source). Structures of the type denoted by sense 2b are denoted in classical Latin by pluteus pluteus n. and testūdō (see testudo n.). It is unclear whether the following examples are to be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:1348 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer 470/18 m.2 De vij Carpentariis operantibus tam superdictam Coquinam quam super le pentiz in Pargateward.1381–2 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 389 Pro coopertura del pentys scaccarii. Apparently also in the surname Willelmus de la Pentic' (1232), although it is more likely that this should be taken as reflecting the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English word. 1. A subsidiary structure or annexe attached to a wall of a main building, such as a shelter, a porch, a shed, an outhouse, etc. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > additional or separate part society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] > leaning against wall of other building society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > penthouse a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Serm. Christmas Day Eve & Morn (Coll. Phys.) in at Pentis Thar was na herberie To Iosep and his spouse marie Bot a pendize was wawles. 1467–8 in J. T. Gilbert (1889) I. 328 William shall make..a pentyse and a fyttyng place undre, for the wyrship of the citte marchaundes..to sat therupon. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 94 A Pentesse, appendix, appendicium. c1503 R. Arnold f. xxxijv/2 Yf ony pentice [AFr. in Liber Albus I. 336, appentices] porche or gate be ouyr lowe lettynge the people coming or ryding. 1574 J. Baret P 225 A Penthouse, or the house eauings. 1577 R. Willes & R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria f. 239 In eche syde of the streetes are paynteses or continuall porches for the marchantes to walke vnder. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. vi. 1 This is the penthouse vnder which Lorenzo desired vs to make stand. View more context for this quotation 1624 H. Wotton 80 Those Climes that feare the falling..of much Snow, ought to prouide more inclining Pentices. 1668 S. Pepys 15 June (1976) IX. 241 Their houses on one side having their penthouses supported with pillars which makes it a good walk. 1719 D. Defoe 160 It cast off the Rains like a Penthouse. a1722 E. Lisle (1757) II. 93 If I put cows or oxen under skillins, or penthouses. 1816 16 372 Under the pent-house of a cottage. 1884 5 July 13/2 The projecting corbels..show that a pentice ran along that side. 1961 M. W. Barley iv. v. 222 Sometimes the court at the back of the house had an open lean-to or ‘linney’, which is an open cart shed, but is also descended from the medieval pentice providing covered access from one building to another. 2002 (Nexis) 28 June 44 There is a vinery, a ‘pentice’ (covered walkway) and two monastic ponds. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > [noun] > with its appurtenances > appurtenance 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch 698 He built that famous stately Theater..and ioyned vnto that also an other House, as a Penthouse [ὤσπερ ἐϕόλκιόν τι] to his Theater. c1650 in R. H. Morris (1895) 200 1497 the North syde of the Pentice was new buylded, and, 1573, the Pentice was enlarged, and the inner Pendice made higher. 1708 No. 4409/2 Chester, Febr. 7... The Mayor entertain'd several Gentlemen and Citizens in the Pent-house. 1810 D. Lysons & S. Lysons 582 An ancient building called the Pentice,..called in some old Charters the appentice, was formerly the place in which the Sheriffs' courts were held, and banquets given. 1998 (Nexis) 5 Feb. 57 The Pentice in Chester, for example, was an ancient building attached to St Peter's Church, demolished around 1806. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] > types of 1683 (Royal Soc.) 13 345 In Constantinople there are several narrow streets of trade, closed up with sheds and pent-houses. 1773 R. Graves II. viii. vii. 200 A little shed, or enclitical pent-house. 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence (1828) I. xiv. 432 Without other abodes than natural caverns or miserable penthouses of bark. 1841 C. Dickens lx. 287 Fleet Market..was a long irregular row of wooden sheds and pent-houses. 2002 (Nexis) 16 Aug. 66 Ask a homeowner a few hundred years ago where his penthouse was and they would have taken you to their tool shed out the back. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > flat or apartment > type of 1892 3 Dec. 714/2 It would puzzle many of our readers to know what is meant by a Pent-House... It is the name given to an ariel [sic] extension of a building, by constructing a habitation for a janitor and his family on the roof. 1921 Apr. 65/1 Two of the elevators were designed to run to the roof, where a pent-house..was being built. 1937 28 Feb. 2/7 You all know from American lyric writers that a pent-house is a thing stuck on a roof. It may comprise one or two floors. 1945 E. Waugh i. viii. 194 They're going to build a block of flats, and..Rex wanted to take what he called a ‘penthouse’ at the top. 1956 ‘N. Shute’ ii. 52 They live in lovely sort of flats called penthouses on the top of skyscrapers. 1978 3 Aug. (Suppl.) 29/1 A Penthouse with magnificent Thames views..to be sold on a 995 years lease. 2002 June 106/1 The billionaire banker who mysteriously perished in his Monte Carlo penthouse more than two years ago. 2. In extended use. the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > against weather or storms > roof-like covering of cloth society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > covers or hangings > [noun] > hangings > canopy > specific 1517 Rye Churchwardens' Accts. in (1976) Winter 50 Item paide to William Weller smyth..for ij yerens to hange over the pentyse over the weche xiiid. 1530 J. Palsgrave 253/1 Pentys over a stall, avuent. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso xvii. x. 297 He on his throne was set,..vnder a pentise wrought of silver bright. 1611 R. Cotgrave Auvent, a pent~house of cloth &c., before a shop window, &c. 1651 in D. G. Hill (1892) III. 187 The shingling of the pent~house ouer ye Bell. 1847 H. W. Longfellow i. i Hives overhung by a penthouse. 1883 W. S. Gresley Penthouse or Penthus, a wooden hut or covering for the protection of sinkers in a pit bottom. 1977 2 304 Shops were becoming increasingly common in provincial towns too, with the permanent shop front replacing the ‘pentice’ that was lowered down from house fronts to display goods on market day. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > engine of war > [noun] > movable shed 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso xviii. lxxiv. 330 Their targets hard aboue their heads they threw, Which ioynd in one an iron pentise make. 1753 J. Warton in C. Pitt tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in J. Warton et al. tr. Virgil II. 138 (note) Every rank covering with their target, the heads of all in the rank before them, they resembled a tortoise's shell, or a sort of penthouse. 1863 G. J. Whyte-Melville I. 23 Under cover of a moveable pent-house,..the head of the column had advanced their battering-ram to the very wall. 1980 P. S. Fry 68 (caption) A battering ram being operated under the protection of a penthouse. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun] > court > parts of a1672 P. Skippon in F. Willughby (2003) 104 A B C D the Tennis court walls, h h h h h h the Penthouse, so termed because made sloping, of boards; it is somewhat about a mans heigth from the pavement to the eaves, where at the corners xx the upper hazards begin. 1688 R. Holme iii. 265/1 Pent-house, the place on which they first cast out the Ball [at Tennis]. 1816 (ed. 2) XXII. 220/2 If (in tennis) the ball rolls round the pent-house, on the opposite side of the court, so as to fall beyond a certain line, described for that purpose, it is called passe. 1935 619/1 This sloping roof is called the ‘penthouse’, and is, perhaps, the most characteristic feature of a tennis court. 1991 16 Sept. 62/1 At both ends of the court and along one side, the walls go up seven feet, then slope away from the court, to make a roof called the penthouse. the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > [noun] > that which overhangs > as or like a penthouse 1589 T. Nashe sig. Biii A pretence of puritie, a pentisse for iniquitie. 1639 J. Shirley i. sig. B2v Not above your forehead, When you have brush'd away the hairie pentehrush [sic], And made it visible. 1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in 263 Like a shrivled Beau from within the Pent-house of a modern Perewig. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in 136 He dragg'd his eyebrow bushes down, and made A snowy penthouse for his hollow eyes. 1897 H. G. Wells iv. 31 His goggling spectacles and ghastly, bandaged face under the penthouse of his hat. 1932 S. Gibbons xix. 261 Her blank eyes..were..voids sunk between two jutting pent-houses of bone and two bloodless hummocks of cheek. 1988 B. Orser ii. 47 I had gone from the penthouse of winning the novice figures in 1977 to the doghouse of ninth two years later. Compounds C1. a. attributive in sense ‘of, belonging to, or resembling a penthouse’ (sense 1a). 1905 at Penthouse sb. Penthouse-cornice. 1739 H. Verelst Let. 14 July in (1994) XLV. 141 But if he does not approve of this house the Trustees desire you would inform them if it will not be right to roof the same with a penthouse roof and shingles. 1835 R. Mant 305 And for your friendly succour yearns, To cut its penthouse roof away, And bare it to the open day. 1909 V. 259/1 A great space of blank wall intervening between the top of the lateral colonnade and the clerestory windows was of necessity required in order to give support to the pent-house roof of the double aisle. 1681 C. Cotton (1699) 43 The first steps..Were easie,..Scarce pent-house-steep. b. 1857 8 Aug. 361/2 There was a heart under the old tartan that shrank from this universal hatred, and not seldom a hot salt moisture under the pent-house brow also. 1882 M. E. Braddon II. viii. 163 This wordly dowager, with keen eyes glittering under penthouse brows. 1992 R. L. Patten I. 1 Pardonably vain, he made the most of his short, thick-chested frame, large head, penthouse brows, and hawk nose. 1691 J. Dryden iii. i. 30 My Pent-House Eye-Brows, and my Shaggy Beard. 1872 C. Kent 257 His features distorted with rage, his penthouse eyebrows..working like the antennæ of some deadly reptile. 1947 W. H. Auden iii. 95 Peasants with penthouse eye~brows. 1823 W. Scott III. i. 12 His huge pent-house hat. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. iii. 19 Sleepe shall neyther Night nor Day Hang vpon his Pent-house Lid . View more context for this quotation 1883 Dec. 302/1 She leaned back against the cushions and looked at him earnestly from under her penthouse lids. 1699 B. E. Pentice Nab, a very broad-brmd [sic] Hat. 1785 F. Grose Penthouse nab, a broad-brimmed hat. 1926 23 Jan. 27/5 Penthouse apartment consisting of eleven rooms and four baths. 1948 8 Nov. 6/1 The eleventh-floor penthouse suite. 1950 10 Feb. 12/5 (advt.) Bachelor offers part of furnished penthouse flat. 1973 5 Dec. 18/1 Sir Lew Grade..is occupying the penthouse suite of the plush Century Plaza hotel. 1987 (Nexis) 4 Jan. i. 22/6 There is a penthouse restaurant cantilevered from the walls of the hotel. 1990 June 101/2 He owns a penthouse apartment..filled with original paintings by Paul Klee, Henri Matisse, and Roy Lichtenstein. 2001 27 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) 1/6 The DGA's associate national executive director, fielding my questions in a penthouse office on Sunset Boulevard. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > [adjective] > types of staging 1940 Nov. 19/1 The penthouse style was first employed by us in the autumn of 1932. 1940 Nov. 21/3 Without the aid of scenic background and conventional stage atmosphere..the ordinary amateur is not an effective instrument and in penthouse productions he must be effective. 1942 G. Hughes viii. 53 We designed a Penthouse Theatre because we had created a tradition of arena production. 1959 W. C. Lounsbury 5 Arena stage... Also known as arena staging, circular staging, theatre in the round, central staging, Penthouse staging, etc. 1994 (Nexis) 20 Feb. g4 The Washington Shakespeare Company's remarkable penthouse production of ‘Julius Caesar’. Derivatives 1598 W. Shakespeare iii. i. 16 With your hat penthouse like ore the shop of your eyes. View more context for this quotation 1681 C. Cotton 7 A Rock..Which hanging, pent-house-like, does overlook The dreadful Channel of the rapid Brook. 1941 16 74/2 Seems some owner of a palatial steamer out of St. Louis named each of his boat's staterooms for individual States..until he came to that penthouse-like structure atop the boat. 2001 (Nexis) 4 Dec. (Sanctuary section) 5 Not a closet-sized studio apartment though, but a large penthouse-like place. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † penthousev. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: penthouse n. Etymology: < penthouse n. Obsolete. Usually in passive. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > roof > provide with penthouse 1615 G. Sandys 32 The inferior [sc. Mosques] are..pent~housd with open galleries. 1777 W. Gostling (ed. 2) 29 A stone wall..pentised over head, was called by the poor people their cloisters. 1858 28 191 A square turret, penthoused with cadjan mats, forms the frontage. the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > overhang [verb (transitive)] > like a roof, tent, penthouse, etc. 1637 T. Heywood 169 She spies those lips a god hath kist, Stretcht to so vast a widenesse, penthous'd o're With inlarg'd nosthrils. 1664 H. Power i. 23 The Gloworm or Glass~worm. Her Eyes..are pent-hous'd under the broad flat cap or plate which covers her head. 1833 W. Wordsworth v Others [sc. nests] are pent-housed by a brae That over~hangs a brook. 1845 T. N. Talfourd I. 91 The little old, odd, town of Cluses stands actually pent-housed by the mountain sides. the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project from (something) [verb (transitive)] > cause to project or stretch forth 1655 T. Fuller ix. viii. §6 It being pen [t] -housed out beyond the foundation, and intent of the Statute. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Oxf. 329 With these Verdingales the Gowns of Women beneath their wastes were pent-housed out far beyond their bodies. 1788 F. Grose 10 The contour [of the head] is convexo-concavo; nose snubbed,..chin double, eyes goggle, eye-brows pent-housed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2021). <  n.a1400 v.1615 |
