pentecontarchn.

Brit.

/pɛntᵻˈkɒntɑːk/, U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈkɑnˌtɑrk/

Forms: Middle English pentacontark, Middle English pentacontrark, Middle English pentakontark, 1600s pentecontarck, 1800s– pentecontarch.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pentecontarchus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pentecontarchus commander of fifty (Vetus Latina) < ancient Greek πεντηκόνταρχος commander of fifty (at Athens; also in Septuagint) < πεντήκοντα fifty (see note) + -αρχος -arch comb. form¹.Ancient Greek πεντήκοντα is < πέντε five (see penta- comb. form) + -κοντα , suffix forming cardinal numerals from thirty to ninety, originally neuter plural corresponding to -κατι , dual (i.e. ‘two units of ten’) < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin -gintā . Compare Sanskrit pañcāśat fifty. Sense b arose from a misinterpretation of the Greek term by a first or second century grammarian. Compare penteconter n.² and trierarch n.

A commander of fifty.

†a. A commander of fifty soldiers (cf. penteconter n.¹). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of 50

quinquagenarya1382

pentecontarchc1384

synkquatener1523

quinquagenarian1569

penteconter1623

pentecoster1808

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) 1 Macc. iii. 55 Judas ordeynyde duykis of þe peple, tribunys, that oon ledde a thousand, and centoriouns, or ledinge an hundrid, and pentacontarkes [a1425 L.V. pentacontrarkis; v.r. pentakontarkis; L. pentacontarchos], leders of fyfty.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pentecontarck, a Captain of fifty men.

b. Ancient History. A person in charge of a fifty-oared ship; the commander of a penteconter (cf. trierarch n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > captain or master > of specific type of vessel

shouterc1325

patron?a1425

trowman1429

balinger-master1463

Master of the Barge1480

wafter1482

bargemaster1648

trierarch1656

hoyman1666

collier-master1723

country captain1769

slave-captain1808

grocery-captain1816

hide-drogher1841

pentecontarch1851

collier-man1881

1851 W. Smith School Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 219/1 The chief officers who served under him were the trierarchs and the pentecontarchs, each of whom commanded one vessel.

1916 Amer. Jrnl. Archeol. 20 491 The list of a single crew seems to consist of two commandants, ten marines, one helmsman, one boatswain,..one pentecontarch, and usually a flutist, a shipwright, and a look-out man.

1986 J. S. Morrison & J. F. Coates Athenian Trireme viii. 130 The trierarch and the pentecontarch are also likely to have been in the stern.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pentecontarch
释义	pentecontarchn. Brit. /pɛntᵻˈkɒntɑːk/, U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈkɑnˌtɑrk/ Forms: Middle English pentacontark, Middle English pentacontrark, Middle English pentakontark, 1600s pentecontarck, 1800s– pentecontarch. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pentecontarchus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pentecontarchus commander of fifty (Vetus Latina) < ancient Greek πεντηκόνταρχος commander of fifty (at Athens; also in Septuagint) < πεντήκοντα fifty (see note) + -αρχος -arch comb. form¹.Ancient Greek πεντήκοντα is < πέντε five (see penta- comb. form) + -κοντα , suffix forming cardinal numerals from thirty to ninety, originally neuter plural corresponding to -κατι , dual (i.e. ‘two units of ten’) < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin -gintā . Compare Sanskrit pañcāśat fifty. Sense b arose from a misinterpretation of the Greek term by a first or second century grammarian. Compare penteconter n.² and trierarch n. A commander of fifty. †a. A commander of fifty soldiers (cf. penteconter n.¹). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of 50 quinquagenarya1382 pentecontarchc1384 synkquatener1523 quinquagenarian1569 penteconter1623 pentecoster1808 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) 1 Macc. iii. 55 Judas ordeynyde duykis of þe peple, tribunys, that oon ledde a thousand, and centoriouns, or ledinge an hundrid, and pentacontarkes [a1425 L.V. pentacontrarkis; v.r. pentakontarkis; L. pentacontarchos], leders of fyfty. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pentecontarck, a Captain of fifty men. b. Ancient History. A person in charge of a fifty-oared ship; the commander of a penteconter (cf. trierarch n.). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > captain or master > of specific type of vessel shouterc1325 patron?a1425 trowman1429 balinger-master1463 Master of the Barge1480 wafter1482 bargemaster1648 trierarch1656 hoyman1666 collier-master1723 country captain1769 slave-captain1808 grocery-captain1816 hide-drogher1841 pentecontarch1851 collier-man1881 1851 W. Smith School Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 219/1 The chief officers who served under him were the trierarchs and the pentecontarchs, each of whom commanded one vessel. 1916 Amer. Jrnl. Archeol. 20 491 The list of a single crew seems to consist of two commandants, ten marines, one helmsman, one boatswain,..one pentecontarch, and usually a flutist, a shipwright, and a look-out man. 1986 J. S. Morrison & J. F. Coates Athenian Trireme viii. 130 The trierarch and the pentecontarch are also likely to have been in the stern. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384
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