| 释义 |
pelicann. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. A borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from French. Etymon: Latin pelicanus;French pelican. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pelicanus (also pelecanus, (frequently) pellicanus), a kind of bird (Vetus Latina, Vulgate: see note), in alchemy, a retort (a1490 in a British source; 1554 in the passage translated in quot. 1559 at sense 4) < ancient Greek πελεκάν , applied by Aristotle (in part at least) to the pelican (οἱ πελεκᾶνες οἱ ἐν τοῖς ποταμοῖς γινόμενοι the pelicans found in rivers) < πέλεκυς axe, hatchet (see pelecoid n. and adj.), so called from the appearance of the bill; in Middle English probably reinforced by Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French pellican, pelican (first half of the 12th cent.; c1516 denoting an alembic; 1540 denoting an instrument used by a dentist for extracting molar teeth; French pélican) < post-classical Latin pelicanus. Compare ancient Greek πελεκᾶντ-, πελεκᾶς woodpecker, also < πέλεκυς axe, hatchet, so called from the action of the bill. Compare Old Occitan pellica (12th cent.; Occitan pelican), Catalan pelicà (1460), Spanish pelicano, pelícano (1350), Italian pellicano (a1292).In English use to the 14th cent., and often later, the identification is vague, the bird itself being unknown in Britain, and the name being used simply to render Greek πελεκάν or Latin pelicanus . In biblical texts, Greek πελεκάν had been used in the Septuagint to translate the Hebrew qā'āṯ (Leviticus 11:18, Deuteronomy 14:17, and Psalm 101 (102):7), which older English versions render ‘pelican’. Coverdale (1535) and the Revised Version (1885) also have ‘pelican’ for the same Hebrew word in Isaiah 34:11, Zephaniah 2:14, where the Septuagint has different Greek words (and the King James Bible (1611) has ‘cormorant’). (More recent versions often have ‘desert owl’ or some other term.) The Vulgate has post-classical Latin pelicano solitudinis ‘the pelican of the wilderness’ at Psalm 101 (102):7 (Gallican Psalter), but in the other passages onocrotalus (a name of the modern pelican: see onocrotalus n.). St Jerome in his Tract. in Psalmos (G. Morin Anecdota Maredsolana III. 2 (1897) 178) says that there are two kinds of pelicanus , one the waterbird, the other that of the wilderness. These appear elsewhere in Jerome ( Comm. in Sophon. in Patrologia Latina 25 (1845) 1368) as two kinds of onocrotalus . This ultimately gives rise to the distinction made in Trevisa (see quots. a1398 at sense 1a, 2, where there seems to be an additional confusion with the porphyrio or gallinule: this goes back to an earlier post-classical Latin glossary). 1. the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > types of mythical bird OE (1932) ci. 5 Ic geworden eom pellicane gelic, se on westene wunað. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 113 Dauið anan efter þet he haueð iefned ancre to pellican. he efneð hire to nicht fuwel þet is under euesunge. Similis factus sum pellicano solitudinis & sicut nicticorax indomicilio. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) ci. 7 (MED) Ich am made lich to þe pellican [L. pellicano] of ones. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms ci. 7 Lyc I am maad to a pellican of wildernesse. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 149v And þere beþ tuo manere of pellicans; one woneþ in watres..and þe oþir woneþ in londe and loueþ wildirnesse. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) ci. 7 in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 233 Like am I made to pellicane of annesse. c1425 (c1400) (Cambr.) (1895) 41 (MED) Domine, exaudi..I am maad liyk a pellican of wildirnesse; y am maad as a nyȝtcrowe in an hous. a1500 (Royal) 33 An oþer propirte has þe pellicane..he is euer leene, and þerfor he may fleȝe þe better. 1535 Isa. xxxiv. B But Pellicanes, Storkes, great Oules, and Rauens shall haue it in possession, & dwell therein. 1604 M. Drayton sig. B3v The Pellican in deserts farre abroad, Her deare-lou'd issue safely doth vnload. 1688 R. Holme ii. 15/1 Diverse names ascribed to the Devil..as an Owl, a Kite, a Raven, a Pellicane, from his ravening, and unsatiable desire of Devouring, Isa. 34. 11. 15. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo iii, in (1721) III. 74 Complaining Pelicanes themselves bemoan. 1796 W. Wordsworth iii. Remembering Him who feeds The pelican and ostrich of the desert. 1859 E. L. Follen ii. ii. 26 I can't hope; I'm like a pelican in the wilderness smiling at grief. 1874 T. Hardy I. ix. 125 Between the poor men I won't have, and the rich men who won't have me, I stand forlorn as a pelican in the wilderness. 1956 D. H. Robertson vi. 95 I hope therefore not to find myself quite such a ‘pelican in the wilderness’ at Granada as I did at Vienna. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 94 Pellican isan fuwel wemot & se wraðful þet hit sleað ofte his achne briddes..& þenne soðe þer efter wurð seswiðe sari..& smit him seolf wið his bile..& wið þet blod aquikeð eft hise briddes isleine. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 150 It is I-seide þat þe pellicane sleeþ here briddes..& makeþ sorwe þre dayes and schedeþ hoot blood vpon ham and makeþ ham a lyue aȝeyne in þat manere. a1425 Symbols of Passion (Royal) 21 in R. Morris (1871) 172 (MED) Þe pelicane his blod did blede Þer-with his briddus for to fede, Þit be-tokenet on þe rode Oure lord us fede with his blode. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo 1100 in (1931) I My birneist beik I laif, with gude entent, Onto the gentyll, pieteous Pillycane, To helpe to peirs hir tender hart in twane. 1570 in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. xv. 45 Thow pelican, prepair thy beik, And grind it scharpe and lang, To peirs our breistis, that we may seik How to reuenge this wrang! 1597 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 127 That bloud already like the Pellican, Hast thou tapt out and drunkenly carowst. View more context for this quotation 1601 R. Chester 122 The Pellican..reuiues her tender yong, And with her purest bloud, she doth asswage Her yong ones thirst. 1695 W. Congreve ii. i. 27 What would'st thou have me turn Pelican, and feed thee out of my own Vitals? 1731 P. Frowde iii. 37 Thou..that in Excess Of Fondness feeds thee, like the Pelican, But with her purest Blood. 1790 G. Colman ii. 30 Why court consuming sorrow to my bosom! which, like the nursling pelican, drinks the blood of its fond cherisher? 1848 A. Jameson I. Introd. 36 The Pelican, tearing open her breast to feed her young with her own blood, was an early symbol of our redemption through Christ. 1874 A. Trollope I. xx. 258 More devoted than the pelican, she would have given her heart's blood..not only to nurture, but to aggrandize her child. 1940 K. Rexroth (1966) 135 You return breathless having..seen On porphyry altars the pelican Rend itself tirelessly. 1994 A. Ridler 94 The pelican's breast was not pierced for a stranger. the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > according to other attributes 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. KKii That most pyteouse Pelycane & heuenly phisicion, our sauyour Ihesu. a1649 W. Drummond (1656) 109 Ungratefull Soule, that..didst not thinke at all, or thoughtst not right On this thy Pelicans great Love and Death. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante III. xxv. 113 [St John] who lay Upon the bosom of our pelican. 1849 E. Caswall tr. 248 O loving Pelican! O Jesu, Lord! Unclean I am, but cleanse me in thy blood. 1932 G. L. Bickersteth tr. Dante xxv. 225 Lo, this is he o'er whom most loved to brood our pelican; and this is he who bore the mighty charge laid on him from the rood. the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > member of family Pelecanidae (pelican) a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 149v The pellican [L. pelicanus] is a bridde þat is I-clepid porphirion..and is a bridde of Egipt and woneþ in desert bisides þe ryuere nylus..And þere beþ tuo manere of pellicans; one woneþ in watres..and þe oþir woneþ in londe and loueþ wildirnesse. 1584 W. Averell sig. Ciii Pellicanes younglings, who after theyr mother hath brought them vppe to some bygnesse, beginne to strike and pecke her in the face. 1646 Sir T. Browne v. i. 191 The Pelecan is palmipedous or fin-footed like Swannes and Geese. 1667 (Royal Soc.) 2 499 There is [in Jamaica] a Bird, called a Pellican, but a kind of Cormorant, that is of taste Fishy, but if it lie buried in the ground but two hours, it will lose that taste, as I have been told for certain. 1725 H. Sloane II. 317 Platea incarnata. The American Scarlet-Pelican, or, Spoon-Bill. 1774 O. Goldsmith VI. 54 The pelican..is slow of flight; and when it rises to fly, performs it with difficulty and labour. 1803 C. Grimes Jrnl. 2 Feb. in C. M. H. Clark (1950) II. 89 The ground is a swamp... Saw many swans, pelicans, and ducks. 1825 C. Waterton ii. 89 The large bird called the Frigate Pelican. 1877 A. B. Edwards vi. 139 We see a top-heavy pelican balancing his huge yellow bill over the edge of the stream, and fishing for his dinner. 1961 H. MacLennan 121 Huge white pelicans, some of them weighing up to fifty pounds, floated on the water or rose with slow heavy flappings of wings. 1989 K. Green vii. 77 She looked out across the lagoon at a pelican arrowing for the water, scooping a silver fish in its beak. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [noun] > heraldic birds a1430 Inventory in (1908) 61 171 (MED) j sconce silver and gild pounced wiht two Pellicanes. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 5129 Ȝit sall I send ȝow..a sertan of giftis..a diademe..With pellicans & pape-ioyes polischt & grauen. c1500 (?a1475) (1896) 807 On hys helme on hygh a pellycan he bare. 1610 J. Guillim iii. xvii. 162 He beareth Gules, a Pellican in her nest, with wings displaied, feeding of her young ones, Or, vulned proper. 1643 W. Dowsing 31 Aug. (1786) 15 A glorious Cover over the..Font,..with a pelican on the Top picking its Breast. 1672 J. Davies 17 A goodly fine Lantern, or Letteron, of Brass..with a great Pelican on the height of it, finely gilt..her wings spread abroad, whereon did lye the Book. 1715 E. Ashmole (1723) I. 145 On a Chief Bar Nebule A Pale charg'd with a Pelican. 1780 J. Edmondson II. (Gloss.) Vulning, i.e. wounding, a term applied in Heraldry to the pelican, which is always drawn picking or wounding her breast. 1885 30 Apr. 7/6 Delicately engraved representations of the Agnus Dei and the Pelican in her piety. 1897 J. Wells 199 (note) The Corpus tradition is that Keble..was once known to have thrown bread at the Pelican. 1909 A. C. Fox-Davies xiv. 242 The Pelican, with its curious heraldic representation..may almost be considered an instance of the application of the existing name of a bird to an entirely fanciful creation. 1971 11 Mar. 547/3 The bird on the right of the jewel is a pelican in its piety. 2002 (Nexis) 6 Aug. 1 The old badge, CENTER, sported a six-point star and a brown pelican. the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > retorts or stills 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig i. sig. aiii/1 Ye must haue..also glasses with two armes named pellycane [Ger. Pellican]. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner 102 Let it be put into a pellicane, that is a vessell with eares or handles on ether syde one. 1612 B. Jonson ii. iii. sig. D4v The Retort brake, And what was sau'd, was put into the Pellicane . View more context for this quotation 1683 W. Salmon i. 307 Being permixt together in a Pellican let them remain in digestion. 1706 (new ed.) Pelican or Blind Alembick. 1757 A. Cooper i. v. 32 A Vessel for Digestion, called by Chemists a Pelican or circulatory Vessel. 1992 A. Kurzweil ix. 63 Claude, in shock, dropped a glass pelican on the stone floor. 5. the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > instruments for extracting teeth 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau 27/1 We cut them [sc. extra teeth] of[f] with our cutting pellicane. 1688 R. Holme iii. 398/1 A Single Beak Pellican with a screw..is an instrument to draw out corrupt and faded teeth. 1754 III. 2378/2 The term pelican is also given to an instrument, used by surgeons for drawing teeth. 1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne 73 Amongst the multitude of instruments invented..some are absolutely bad, and ought to be rejected; such are the ‘pied de biche’, and the ‘pelican’. 1966 J. M. Campbell 1 Pelicans were used extensively for the extraction of teeth from the XVth to the XVIIIth centuries... A pelican consists of a shaft with one or both ends forming a bolster which acted as the fulcrum. Radiating from near the centre of the shaft, there are one or two metal branches, each terminating in a claw. The last-mentioned was adjusted to the lingual, and the bolster to the buccal, surface of a tooth. 1994 D. J. Warren 28/1 The first purpose-made instrument for this operation was the pelican—now a rare and expensive find. society > occupation and work > equipment > clutching or gripping equipment > [noun] > hook 1890 in XV. 4362/2 A hook, somewhat in the shape of a pelican's bill, so arranged that it can be easily slipped by taking a ring or shackle from the point of the hook. 1927 G. Bradford 127/1 Pelican hook, a hinged hook which is held in place by a link... It is used to make shrouds fast to chain plates and for boat gripes. 1971 W. H. Heinrichs in J. Braeman et al. 153 They felt the scorn of a professional naval officer for the landlubber who could not tell a binnacle from a pelican hook. 1991 June 18/1 (advt.) Pelican hook through stanchions... Alternative non-adjustable pelican including talurit splice. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > other pieces of ordnance society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shot collectively > shot > of large guns 1639 R. Ward i. iv. xlv. 111 The Pellican or Bastard quarter-Culverin..the weight of her shot is 6.l...the weight of the Peece is 2550. l. 1728 E. Chambers Pellican, again, is the Name of an ancient Piece of Ordinance..carrying a Ball of six Pounds. 1742 H. Walpole Let. 7 July in (1954) XVII. 485 As he was marching up to one of the forts, all his men deserted him. His Lieutenant advised him to retire; he replied, ‘He never had turned his back yet, and would not now,’ and stood all the fire. When the pelicans were flying over his head, he cried out, ‘What would Chloe give for some of these to make a pelican pie!’ 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Pelican,..the old six-pounder culverin. the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > foolish person, fool > [noun] 1856 Oct. 326 It's your shipmates, you thundering old pelican. 1895 21 Dec. 6/2 The squint-eyed old pelican who runs the worthless sheet in the garret across the way. 1936 Alley Oop (comic strip) in 2 Oct. 4 You big pelican—what are y'gonna do..pull 'em outa yer hat? 1996 R. Compton x. 141 You can count on a crusty old pelican like McCutcheon havin' a few killers on his payroll. society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > proprietary names 1937 3 Feb. 147 (advt.) A glance at the magnificent first list below will reveal the general nature of Pelican Books, a new series of popular books on science, astronomy, archæology, politics, economics, history, etc.] 1942 10 385 Enough passages like the above could be found..to yield Professor Stebbing cannon-fodder for at least a chapter, if not for a whole Pelican. 1953 E. Simon i. i. 15 He published a Pelican on his work under Chrichton in the Islands, which I thought you might have seen. 1966 ‘L. Black’ viii. 128 He was reading a paper-back... It appeared to be a Pelican. 1980 C. James in 10 Aug. 38/7 Somewhere back around then he wrote a Pelican about Buddha, or it might have been a Buddha about pelicans. society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > parts of road > [noun] > part where pedestrians can cross 1966 26 May 11/6 We hope the Ministry will install ‘pelicans’..in the town. Pelicans would be safer than zebras and easily understood by the public—the pedestrian just pushes a button which operates red, amber and green lights telling motorists when to stop. 1974 30 May 1332/2 A Minister stating that ‘pelicans will be interchangeable with zebras’..was referring to the replacement of the sturdy and familiar orange beacons at the kerbside by the flashing lights and little coloured men... A circular from the DoE elucidates some of the mysteries of the pelican crossing. 1996 7 Feb. 13/4 The letter is from the right-wing firebrand Teresa Gorman, who wants the pelican decommissioned and the zebra rehabilitated. Compounds C1. 1818 J. Keats i. 41 Nurtured like a pelican brood. 1937 D. Devlin 56 Gathered now in my breast Lord consubstantial My pelican-brood, my pleasure! 1742 H. Walpole Let. 7 July in (1954) XVII. 485 He..stood all the fire. When the pelicans were flying over his head, he cried out, ‘What would Chloe give for some of these to make a pelican pie!’ 1869 E. Lear Let. 16 Aug. in (1911) 106 You and I and My lady may be able to sit for placid hours under a lotus tree a eating of ice creams and pelican pie, with our feet in a hazure coloured stream. 1995 J. Farman 117 ‘That's a shame,’ I blurted out, ‘I would have thought swan and pelican pie would be rather fab.’ 2002 J. Singh 75 ‘Why?’ ‘Pelican pie!’ she shouted and then her shout receded into a drunken laugh. C2. 1608 W. Shakespeare xi. 68 Twas this flesh Begot those Pelicane daughters . View more context for this quotation 1896 May 55/2 I should like to be a friend of his pelican daughter; they say he proposes and she disposes. 1999 (Nexis) 13 Jan. 14 This is an ensemble piece about three pelican daughters gathering for their mother's funeral. the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > subdivision Teleostei > [noun] > order Saccopharyngiformes > member of 1883 312/2 The characters of the Eurypharynx (wide-throated pelican fish) are so divided. 1892 Mar. 694 (caption) The bottle-fish and the pelican-fish. 1971 ‘A. Burgess’ v. 58 A pelican fish of herculean proportions. society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > U.S. flag > flags of specific states 1860 25 Dec. 4/5 The Pelican flag of Louisiana was unfurled in the streets, amid tremendous cheering... The Pelican flag consists of a red star upon a white field, with the ancient Louisiana emblem of a Pelican feeding her young. 1865 A. D. Richardson 40 There were Pelican flags, and Lone Star flags, and devices, unlike anything in the heavens above. 1994 (Nexis) 8 May b10 Union commanders knew exactly whom they faced when they saw the Pelican flag of Louisiana or the Palmetto flag of South Carolina. 1814 J. Lunan II. 46 Pelican Flower, or Poison Hog-Weed... The flower is of a very singular structure... The tube is nearly nine inches in length, recurved..bent back. 1939 (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 317 Sunken Gardens..exhibiting such curiosities as..the pelican flower. 2002 (Nexis) 6 Nov. a28 With its huge, drooping petals, the bright red pelican flower looks like a bat flying through the air. the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills) > member of (ibis) > miscellaneous types of 1881 13 Aug. 262/1 Conspicuous next in order..were numbers of pelican ibises. society > faith > artefacts > furniture > lectern or pulpit > [noun] > pelican-shaped 1898 J. T. Fowler 57 The modern..Pelican lectern. 2001 (Nexis) 11 Nov. The Pelican Lectern at the University Chapel was carved out of tropical hardwood by Jamaican sculptor, the late Alvin Marriott. the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > member of family Aporrhaidae 1815 E. J. Burrow 202 [Strombus] Pes Pelicani. Pelican's Foot. a1856 H. Miller (1857) 214 We can trace..not a few of our existing shells, such as the great pecten, the edible oyster, the whelk, and the Pelican's-foot shell, up till the greatly earlier times of the Coraline Crag. 1901 E. Step xiv. 241 The Pelican's-foot (Chenopus pes-pelicani) when fully developed brings to mind the Strombs and Wing-shells of the tropics. 1998 S. O'Connell 253 Opposite me was a shelf of shells—top hats, periwinkles, cowries, pelican's foot, a giant whelk and several baby clams. 1890 Pelican's-head, a wooden battle-club the head of which is rounded, with a projecting beak on one side, used in New Caledonia. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > specific states > Louisiana 1859 May 853/2 A well-known writer in the Pelican State writes us a good thing from one of his little folks. 1934 G. E. Shankle 119 The name, the Pelican State was given to Louisiana from the fact that this bird is so frequently seen along the streams..which fact caused it to be chosen as the emblem in the state coat of arms. 2004 (Nexis) 30 Jan. c7 The Pelican State has provided us with..Louis Armstrong and Mardi Gras, Harry Connick Jr. and creole. Derivatives 1862 H. Aïdé III. 39 Their doubts feed themselves, pelican-wise, from their own breast. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pelicanv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pelican n. rare. the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > eat voraciously a1953 D. Thomas (1954) 65 And she bursts into tears, and, in the middle of her salty howling, nimbly spears a small flatfish and pelicans it whole. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.OE v.a1953 |
