pelagicadj.n.

Brit.

/pᵻˈladʒɪk/, U.S.

/pəˈlædʒɪk/

Forms: 1600s–1700s pelagick, 1600s– pelagic.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pelagicus.

Etymology: < classical Latin pelagicus of the sea < Hellenistic Greek πελαγικός < ancient Greek πέλαγος the sea (further etymology uncertain) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare pelagious adj., pelagian adj.²

A. adj.

a. Of or relating to the open sea, as distinguished from the shallow water near the coast; dwelling on or near the surface of the open sea or ocean; oceanic. Now chiefly: (Ecology) designating, relating to, or inhabiting that region of the sea which consists of open water of any depth, away from or independent of both the shore and the sea floor (and so contrasted with the littoral and benthic regions).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adjective] > relating to or existing in ocean

oceanic1656

oceanine1656

pelagic1656

pelagious1661

pelagian1696

oceanous1730

pantopelagian1857

pelagial1899

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pelagick, of the Sea, or that liveth in the Sea.

1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Pelagick, belonging to the Sea.

1773 J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere II. i. ii. 17 Their fresh cargo..consisted of dolphins, large pelagic scombers of two kinds, sea bream, [etc.].

1813 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 4) III. 420 The Pelagic Nereis.

1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 280 Littoral and estuary shells are more frequently liable..to be intermixed with the exuviæ of pelagic tribes.

1891 J. Murray & A.-F. Renard in Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger: Deep-sea Deposits iv. 251 We would suggest that the term oceanic Plankton be subdivided into pelagic Plankton for the animals living in the waters from the surface to 100 fathoms, zonary Plankton for those living in the intermediate zones..and abyssal Plankton for those living within 100 fathoms from the bottom.

1912 J. Murray & J. Hjort Depths of Ocean ix. 562 The conception of a ‘pelagic’ mode of life, originally associated with the animal-life of the ocean-surface, thus gradually proved to hold true for life in mid-water also... The main characteristic of pelagic life is its independence of the bottom.

1954 N. B. Marshall Aspects Deep Sea Biol. v. 89 Swimming and floating between the surface and the deep-sea floor are the pelagic animals.

1994 Action Asia Aug. 58/1 (caption) The huge drop-offs and walls that surround the islands of Micronesia attract vast numbers of pelagic fish.

b. Of a bird: chiefly inhabiting regions of open sea beyond the edges of a continental shelf and returning to shore only in the breeding season.Cf. pelagious adj., which is recorded slightly earlier in this sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > defined by habitat > [adjective] > aquatic or swimming > inhabiting sea

pelagic1876

1876 Amer. Naturalist 10 106 The birds observed were pelagic forms, such as gulls, albatross, penguins, etc.

1935 V. C. Wynne-Edwards in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 40 240 The typical species of these three communities [of birds] in the temperate North Atlantic might be separated as follows: 1. Inshore... 2. Offshore... 3. Pelagic.

1954 J. M. M. Fisher & R. M. Lockley Sea-birds vii. 170 Little is known of the construction of pelagic flocks.

1991 Birder's World Apr. 19/1 When asked what was the rarest species ever sighted on one of his group trips, Wahl quickly answered, a Solander's Petrel. This pelagic species..breeds on islands between New Zealand and Australia.

c. = limnetic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > aquatic

waterya1382

subaquaneous1656

subaquatic1750

aquatic1794

demersed1866

pelagic1887

hydrophytic1901

hydrarch1913

the world > the earth > water > lake > [adjective] > living in open part of

pelagic1887

limnetic1899

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [adjective]

fieldya1382

waterya1382

agrestial1608

subterranean1638

lucifugous1654

nemoral1656

subcutaneous1664

subterraneous1832

subtidal1852

xylophilous1862

xerophilous1863

acid-loving1870

aerobic1878

aerobian1879

aerobious1879

aerobiotic1880

subaquatic1880

aerophilous1885

facultative1887

pelagic1887

aerophile1888

autotrophic1893

heterotrophic1893

plastic1893

thermophilic1894

thermophil1896

mesophilic1897

halolimnic1898

polybathic1898

tolerant1898

limnetic1899

thermophilous1899

metatrophic1900

mixotrophic1900

paratrophic1900

mesophilous1901

benthic1902

epibenthic1902

eurybathic1902

microaerophilic1903

sympatric1904

benthoal1905

cryophile1907

benthonic1909

microaerophile1909

lenitic1916

lotic1916

psychrotolerant1924

oligosaprobic1925

polysaprobic1925

aerophilic1929

saprobic1932

primary1934

lentic1935

chemoautotrophic1936

eurytopic1937

psammic1938

saprotrophic1942

prototrophic1946

chemolithoautotrophic1949

auxotrophic1950

chemolithotrophic1953

chemoorganotrophic1953

opportunist1956

psychrophile1956

psychrophilic1958

opportunistic1960

psychrotrophic1960

oligosaprobe1990

1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 386 There was a great similarity between their [sc. the North German lakes'] pelagic fauna and that of the Swiss and Northern Italian lakes.

1918 Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts & Lett. 19 378 The lake as a whole may be divided into three general regions—the littoral or phytal region; the aphytal region; and pelagic region.

1955 C. C. Davis Marine & Fresh-water Plankton i. 11 Lakes may be subdivided into horizontal and vertical portions. Horizontally, the relatively shallow area close to shore..is called the littoral region, while the region of open water is known as the limnetic (or pelagic) region.

1994 Amer. Scientist Oct. 427/2 Even the pelagic (open-water) zones of lakes, which superficially appear homogeneously mixed, are patchy systems.

2. Of seabed material: formed within the sea itself, rather than transported from the land.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > sediment or alluvium > [adjective] > marine sediment

terrigenous1882

pelagic1884

sapropelic1901

1884 J. Murray & A.-F. Renard in Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 12 515 The following table shows the nomenclature we have adopted:—Terrigenous deposits... Pelagic deposits.

1891 J. Murray & A.-F. Renard in Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger: Deep-sea Deposits iii. 185 Pelagic Deposits—those formed towards the centres of the great oceans, and made up chiefly of the remains of pelagic organisms along with the ultimate products arising from the decomposition of rocks and minerals.

1970 D. A. Ross Introd. Oceanogr. viii. 297 Deep-sea sediments can be divided into two major groups: pelagic sediments and terrigenous sediments.

1990 P. Kearey & F. J. Vine Global Tectonics viii. 164 Relatively thick trench turbidites overlying a thin pelagic cover, such as in the Cascade arc, allow thrusting to take place at the base of the turbiditic sediments.

3. Of sealing and whaling: carried out on the open sea. Hence, of a sealer or whaler: engaged in such activity.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > [adjective] > deep-sea

pelagic1891

1891 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 609 ‘Pelagic’ sealing as at present carried on, cannot long be continued.

1901 Munsey's Mag. June 358/1 The pelagic sealers kill the animals with guns, spears, or any effective weapon while they are in the water.

1941 J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man viii. 184 With the advent of pelagic whaling it seemed certain that, unless international regulation of the industry were achieved, whales would certainly become exceedingly scarce, and some species might be wiped out.

1992 Economist 30 May (Suppl.) 21/1 The fur seal, whose numbers in the north Pacific became dangerously depleted in the late 19th century by ‘pelagic sealing’—killing at sea.

B. n.

1. Geology. A geological deposit of pelagic origin. Cf. pelagite n. 2.

ΚΠ

1964 Science 20 Sept. 1239 Unpatterned sediments underlying pelagics in the trench at the right are of unknown origin.

1981 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 301 243 Only the lowermost (basal) pelagics are likely to be subducted to depths of 100 km or more.

2002 APS Rev. Gas Market Trends (Nexis) 25 Mar. A renewed transgression in the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene across the northern region left behind some pelagics and limestones.

2. A pelagic animal, esp. a pelagic fish or seabird.

ΚΠ

1966 Evolution 20 517 (heading) Pelagics—These birds spend a portion of their early migration on the open ocean.

1984 Skin Diver (Nexis) Jan. 69 In depths of about 50 to 90 feet, you will see large basket sponges and sometimes large rays, barracuda, horse-eye jacks and other large pelagics.

1997 Independent on Sunday 6 July (Review Suppl.) 15/1 The pelagics would arrive first. Things like cunners and black fish, blue fish, stripers (striped bass).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pelagic
释义	pelagicadj.n. Brit. /pᵻˈladʒɪk/, U.S. /pəˈlædʒɪk/ Forms: 1600s–1700s pelagick, 1600s– pelagic. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pelagicus. Etymology: < classical Latin pelagicus of the sea < Hellenistic Greek πελαγικός < ancient Greek πέλαγος the sea (further etymology uncertain) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare pelagious adj., pelagian adj.² A. adj. 1. a. Of or relating to the open sea, as distinguished from the shallow water near the coast; dwelling on or near the surface of the open sea or ocean; oceanic. Now chiefly: (Ecology) designating, relating to, or inhabiting that region of the sea which consists of open water of any depth, away from or independent of both the shore and the sea floor (and so contrasted with the littoral and benthic regions). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adjective] > relating to or existing in ocean oceanic1656 oceanine1656 pelagic1656 pelagious1661 pelagian1696 oceanous1730 pantopelagian1857 pelagial1899 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pelagick, of the Sea, or that liveth in the Sea. 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Pelagick, belonging to the Sea. 1773 J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere II. i. ii. 17 Their fresh cargo..consisted of dolphins, large pelagic scombers of two kinds, sea bream, [etc.]. 1813 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 4) III. 420 The Pelagic Nereis. 1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 280 Littoral and estuary shells are more frequently liable..to be intermixed with the exuviæ of pelagic tribes. 1891 J. Murray & A.-F. Renard in Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger: Deep-sea Deposits iv. 251 We would suggest that the term oceanic Plankton be subdivided into pelagic Plankton for the animals living in the waters from the surface to 100 fathoms, zonary Plankton for those living in the intermediate zones..and abyssal Plankton for those living within 100 fathoms from the bottom. 1912 J. Murray & J. Hjort Depths of Ocean ix. 562 The conception of a ‘pelagic’ mode of life, originally associated with the animal-life of the ocean-surface, thus gradually proved to hold true for life in mid-water also... The main characteristic of pelagic life is its independence of the bottom. 1954 N. B. Marshall Aspects Deep Sea Biol. v. 89 Swimming and floating between the surface and the deep-sea floor are the pelagic animals. 1994 Action Asia Aug. 58/1 (caption) The huge drop-offs and walls that surround the islands of Micronesia attract vast numbers of pelagic fish. b. Of a bird: chiefly inhabiting regions of open sea beyond the edges of a continental shelf and returning to shore only in the breeding season.Cf. pelagious adj., which is recorded slightly earlier in this sense. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > defined by habitat > [adjective] > aquatic or swimming > inhabiting sea pelagic1876 1876 Amer. Naturalist 10 106 The birds observed were pelagic forms, such as gulls, albatross, penguins, etc. 1935 V. C. Wynne-Edwards in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 40 240 The typical species of these three communities [of birds] in the temperate North Atlantic might be separated as follows: 1. Inshore... 2. Offshore... 3. Pelagic. 1954 J. M. M. Fisher & R. M. Lockley Sea-birds vii. 170 Little is known of the construction of pelagic flocks. 1991 Birder's World Apr. 19/1 When asked what was the rarest species ever sighted on one of his group trips, Wahl quickly answered, a Solander's Petrel. This pelagic species..breeds on islands between New Zealand and Australia. c. = limnetic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > aquatic waterya1382 subaquaneous1656 subaquatic1750 aquatic1794 demersed1866 pelagic1887 hydrophytic1901 hydrarch1913 the world > the earth > water > lake > [adjective] > living in open part of pelagic1887 limnetic1899 the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [adjective] fieldya1382 waterya1382 agrestial1608 subterranean1638 lucifugous1654 nemoral1656 subcutaneous1664 subterraneous1832 subtidal1852 xylophilous1862 xerophilous1863 acid-loving1870 aerobic1878 aerobian1879 aerobious1879 aerobiotic1880 subaquatic1880 aerophilous1885 facultative1887 pelagic1887 aerophile1888 autotrophic1893 heterotrophic1893 plastic1893 thermophilic1894 thermophil1896 mesophilic1897 halolimnic1898 polybathic1898 tolerant1898 limnetic1899 thermophilous1899 metatrophic1900 mixotrophic1900 paratrophic1900 mesophilous1901 benthic1902 epibenthic1902 eurybathic1902 microaerophilic1903 sympatric1904 benthoal1905 cryophile1907 benthonic1909 microaerophile1909 lenitic1916 lotic1916 psychrotolerant1924 oligosaprobic1925 polysaprobic1925 aerophilic1929 saprobic1932 primary1934 lentic1935 chemoautotrophic1936 eurytopic1937 psammic1938 saprotrophic1942 prototrophic1946 chemolithoautotrophic1949 auxotrophic1950 chemolithotrophic1953 chemoorganotrophic1953 opportunist1956 psychrophile1956 psychrophilic1958 opportunistic1960 psychrotrophic1960 oligosaprobe1990 1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 386 There was a great similarity between their [sc. the North German lakes'] pelagic fauna and that of the Swiss and Northern Italian lakes. 1918 Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts & Lett. 19 378 The lake as a whole may be divided into three general regions—the littoral or phytal region; the aphytal region; and pelagic region. 1955 C. C. Davis Marine & Fresh-water Plankton i. 11 Lakes may be subdivided into horizontal and vertical portions. Horizontally, the relatively shallow area close to shore..is called the littoral region, while the region of open water is known as the limnetic (or pelagic) region. 1994 Amer. Scientist Oct. 427/2 Even the pelagic (open-water) zones of lakes, which superficially appear homogeneously mixed, are patchy systems. 2. Of seabed material: formed within the sea itself, rather than transported from the land. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > sediment or alluvium > [adjective] > marine sediment terrigenous1882 pelagic1884 sapropelic1901 1884 J. Murray & A.-F. Renard in Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 12 515 The following table shows the nomenclature we have adopted:—Terrigenous deposits... Pelagic deposits. 1891 J. Murray & A.-F. Renard in Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger: Deep-sea Deposits iii. 185 Pelagic Deposits—those formed towards the centres of the great oceans, and made up chiefly of the remains of pelagic organisms along with the ultimate products arising from the decomposition of rocks and minerals. 1970 D. A. Ross Introd. Oceanogr. viii. 297 Deep-sea sediments can be divided into two major groups: pelagic sediments and terrigenous sediments. 1990 P. Kearey & F. J. Vine Global Tectonics viii. 164 Relatively thick trench turbidites overlying a thin pelagic cover, such as in the Cascade arc, allow thrusting to take place at the base of the turbiditic sediments. 3. Of sealing and whaling: carried out on the open sea. Hence, of a sealer or whaler: engaged in such activity. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > [adjective] > deep-sea pelagic1891 1891 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 609 ‘Pelagic’ sealing as at present carried on, cannot long be continued. 1901 Munsey's Mag. June 358/1 The pelagic sealers kill the animals with guns, spears, or any effective weapon while they are in the water. 1941 J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man viii. 184 With the advent of pelagic whaling it seemed certain that, unless international regulation of the industry were achieved, whales would certainly become exceedingly scarce, and some species might be wiped out. 1992 Economist 30 May (Suppl.) 21/1 The fur seal, whose numbers in the north Pacific became dangerously depleted in the late 19th century by ‘pelagic sealing’—killing at sea. B. n. 1. Geology. A geological deposit of pelagic origin. Cf. pelagite n. 2. ΚΠ 1964 Science 20 Sept. 1239 Unpatterned sediments underlying pelagics in the trench at the right are of unknown origin. 1981 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 301 243 Only the lowermost (basal) pelagics are likely to be subducted to depths of 100 km or more. 2002 APS Rev. Gas Market Trends (Nexis) 25 Mar. A renewed transgression in the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene across the northern region left behind some pelagics and limestones. 2. A pelagic animal, esp. a pelagic fish or seabird. ΚΠ 1966 Evolution 20 517 (heading) Pelagics—These birds spend a portion of their early migration on the open ocean. 1984 Skin Diver (Nexis) Jan. 69 In depths of about 50 to 90 feet, you will see large basket sponges and sometimes large rays, barracuda, horse-eye jacks and other large pelagics. 1997 Independent on Sunday 6 July (Review Suppl.) 15/1 The pelagics would arrive first. Things like cunners and black fish, blue fish, stripers (striped bass). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1656
随便看	long gun long haul long hauls long head long home long hop long hour long hundred long in the tooth long ink long iron long is ever long island ice tea long island iced tea long island lockjaw long john long john coffee table long john table long jump long jumper long jumping long knife long lady long language long lasting