pentagonadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpɛntəɡ(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈpɛn(t)əˌɡɑn/

Forms: 1500s– pentagon, 1500s–1600s pentagone.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pentagōnus.

Etymology: < classical Latin pentagōnus pentagonal, five-cornered < ancient Greek πεντάγωνος < πεντα- penta- comb. form + the stem of γωνία angle (see -gon comb. form). In use as noun after classical Latin pentagōnum , Hellenistic Greek πεντάγωνον , uses as noun of neuter of the respective adjectives. Compare Middle French, French pentagone , noun (13th cent. in Old French in an isolated attestation; 1377 in Middle French as penthagone ) and adjective (1520; 1484 as penthagone ), and also Spanish †pentágona (c1440 as noun in an isolated attestation), pentágono (1567 or earlier as noun, 1598 or earlier as adjective), Italian pentagono (14th cent. as noun). Compare pentagonal adj.

A. adj.

Having five angles and five straight sides; five-cornered or five-sided; = pentagonal adj.In later quots. passing into attributive use of sense B. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > polygonal > pentagonal

five-squared1535

five-square1552

cinquangled1557

pentagonal?a1560

pentagon1570

pentelater1571

quinquangle1590

Pentagonian1598

quinquangled1636

quinquangular1636

pentangular1661

quintangular1687

pentelateral1728

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > two-dimensional > pentagonal

cinquangled1557

pentagonal?a1560

pentagon1570

pentelater1571

quinquangle1590

Pentagonian1598

quinquangled1636

quinquangular1636

pentangular1661

quintangular1687

pentelateral1728

pentagonoid1882

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. iv. f. 118 In a circle geuen to describe a pentagon figure æquilater and equiangle [L. Intra datum circulum equilaterum atque equiangulum penthagonum describere].

1669 P. Staynred Compend. Fortification 11 in S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. The Front A K in the Pentagon Fort.

1786 Archaeologia 4 174 Paved with flat stones of an irregular pentagon figure.

1842 J. F. Cooper Wing-and-Wing iii. 51 His thumbs and fingers were nearer square than round, and his very neck..had a sort of pentagon look about it.

1937 Proc. Royal Soc. 158 590 Five Geiger-Müller tube-counters in a regular pentagon arrangement.

2000 R. A. Clack Marriage Heaven & Earth 57 The pentagon shape of the room evokes the pentacle of hermetic magic.

B. n.

1. A plane geometrical figure with five angles and five straight sides. Also: an object or building of pentagonal form or cross-section.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > polygon > pentagon

cinquangle1551

pentagon1570

pentangle1584

five-square1587

quinquangle1636

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > pentagon

cinquangle1551

pentagon1570

pentangle1584

five-square1587

quinquangle1636

1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 42^v Suppose that there be a pentagon, ABCDE. And produce the fiue sides therof to the points F, G, H, K, L.

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico vii. 41 A Fort..built in the forme of a Pentagon.

1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements iv. 86 About a circle given..to describe an equilateral and an equiangular pentagone.

1725 F. Hutcheson Inq. Ideas Beauty & Virtue ii. 16 The Beauty of an equilateral Triangle is less than that of the Square; which is less than that of a Pentagon.

1760 T. Gray Let. 2 Sept. in Corr. (1971) II. 698 A man..holding a pair of compasses, & by his side a Polyedron, made up of twelve pentagons.

1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 291 The shape and size of this pentagon may be determined by the ten mutual distances of its five points.

1870 Illustr. London News 29 Oct. 446/2 The fort is built in a pentagon.

1926 J. Gray Long Road 13 Fresh oatcake cut in pentagons.

1979 D. Attenborough Life on Earth (1981) ii. 49 The plates on the calyx are pentagons, five arms extend from it, and all the internal organs are in groups of five.

1992 Eng. Today Jan. 34/2 Buckyballs are hollow spheres of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a series of hexagons and pentagons resembling the geodesic domes built by Buckminster Fuller.

2. Fortification. A fort having a pentagonal shape, a fort with five bastions. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] > fort according to shape

pentagonon1625

star-sconce1632

octagon1648

pentagon1648

hexagon1669

star fort1669

tetragon1669

star1672

star redoubt1687

trigon1688

1648 B. Gerbier Interpreter Acad. Forrain Langs. ii. 9 All figures take their name, either from the number of angles or from the sid's, from thence comes the Greek [name of]..Pentagone, which is to say a Fortification of ..5..angles, sid's or Bastions.

1704 Descr. All Seats of Present Wars of Europe i. 28 It is a Pentagon composed of 5 Royal Bastions.

1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 256 This fortification is a regular pentagon, or a fort with five royal bastions.

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 214/2 The castle of Belgica; an old pentagon with round towers at the angles.

1862 in Official Rec. Union & Confederate Navies War of Rebellion (U.S. Naval War Rec. Office) (1904) 1st Ser. XVIII. 15 Fort Jackson is a bastioned pentagon.

1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 443/1 During the French republican war, P. was a simple pentagon.

1959 T. Shebunina tr. A. Tolstoy Peter the First i. vi. 263 From the mound they had a clear view of..the broken lines of the trenches and the pentagons of redoubts that stretched along the low hills in front of the fortress.

3. With the and capital initial. The headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense, near Washington, D.C.; (hence) the Department itself. Frequently attributive.The Pentagon was built in 1941–3. Its name derives from its design, the buildings forming five close-set concentric pentagons or ‘rings’ around a central court.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > War Office

War Office1721

War Department1797

W.D.1855

W.O.1860

Seraskierate1876

pall-mall1880

war room1914

War House1925

Stavka1928

pentagon1942

War Box1952

1942 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 17 Sept. 4/4 The largest single switchboard in the world..has been hooked up in the new army Pentagon building.

1943 Frederick (Maryland) Post 7 Apr. 8/2 (caption) Brigadier General LaVerne G. Saunders..pins Distinguished Flying Cross on Mrs N. W. Money,..mother of Willard L. Money, private AAF, at the Pentagon, Washington, D.C.

1952 Newsweek 19 May 21 Top Pentagon brass are taking the aviation-gasoline restriction seriously.

1964 M. McLuhan Understanding Media v. 51 Life at the Pentagon has been greatly complicated by jet travel.

1981 Daily Tel. 15 Dec. 13/2 The Rand Corporation, a ‘think tank’ which undertakes various studies for the Pentagon, completed an analysis of all the Communist-bloc armies.

2002 Time 14 Oct. 33/3 Pentagon war plans assume that precision air attacks with smart bombs can find and safely destroy hidden caches of bio-chem agents.

Derivatives

† pentagonary adj. [after French pentagonaire (1658 in the passage translated in quot. 1658)] Obsolete = pentagonal adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > with particular section or base > pentagonal

pentagonal1570

pentagonary1658

pentagonous1661

1658 R. White tr. K. Digby Late Disc. Cure Wounds 72 The pentagonary figure [Fr. la figure pentagonaire] of every one of those stones.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pentagon
释义	pentagonadj.n. Brit. /ˈpɛntəɡ(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈpɛn(t)əˌɡɑn/ Forms: 1500s– pentagon, 1500s–1600s pentagone. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pentagōnus. Etymology: < classical Latin pentagōnus pentagonal, five-cornered < ancient Greek πεντάγωνος < πεντα- penta- comb. form + the stem of γωνία angle (see -gon comb. form). In use as noun after classical Latin pentagōnum , Hellenistic Greek πεντάγωνον , uses as noun of neuter of the respective adjectives. Compare Middle French, French pentagone , noun (13th cent. in Old French in an isolated attestation; 1377 in Middle French as penthagone ) and adjective (1520; 1484 as penthagone ), and also Spanish †pentágona (c1440 as noun in an isolated attestation), pentágono (1567 or earlier as noun, 1598 or earlier as adjective), Italian pentagono (14th cent. as noun). Compare pentagonal adj. A. adj. Having five angles and five straight sides; five-cornered or five-sided; = pentagonal adj.In later quots. passing into attributive use of sense B. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > polygonal > pentagonal five-squared1535 five-square1552 cinquangled1557 pentagonal?a1560 pentagon1570 pentelater1571 quinquangle1590 Pentagonian1598 quinquangled1636 quinquangular1636 pentangular1661 quintangular1687 pentelateral1728 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > two-dimensional > pentagonal cinquangled1557 pentagonal?a1560 pentagon1570 pentelater1571 quinquangle1590 Pentagonian1598 quinquangled1636 quinquangular1636 pentangular1661 quintangular1687 pentelateral1728 pentagonoid1882 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. iv. f. 118 In a circle geuen to describe a pentagon figure æquilater and equiangle [L. Intra datum circulum equilaterum atque equiangulum penthagonum describere]. 1669 P. Staynred Compend. Fortification 11 in S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. The Front A K in the Pentagon Fort. 1786 Archaeologia 4 174 Paved with flat stones of an irregular pentagon figure. 1842 J. F. Cooper Wing-and-Wing iii. 51 His thumbs and fingers were nearer square than round, and his very neck..had a sort of pentagon look about it. 1937 Proc. Royal Soc. 158 590 Five Geiger-Müller tube-counters in a regular pentagon arrangement. 2000 R. A. Clack Marriage Heaven & Earth 57 The pentagon shape of the room evokes the pentacle of hermetic magic. B. n. 1. A plane geometrical figure with five angles and five straight sides. Also: an object or building of pentagonal form or cross-section. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > polygon > pentagon cinquangle1551 pentagon1570 pentangle1584 five-square1587 quinquangle1636 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > pentagon cinquangle1551 pentagon1570 pentangle1584 five-square1587 quinquangle1636 1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 42^v Suppose that there be a pentagon, ABCDE. And produce the fiue sides therof to the points F, G, H, K, L. 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico vii. 41 A Fort..built in the forme of a Pentagon. 1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements iv. 86 About a circle given..to describe an equilateral and an equiangular pentagone. 1725 F. Hutcheson Inq. Ideas Beauty & Virtue ii. 16 The Beauty of an equilateral Triangle is less than that of the Square; which is less than that of a Pentagon. 1760 T. Gray Let. 2 Sept. in Corr. (1971) II. 698 A man..holding a pair of compasses, & by his side a Polyedron, made up of twelve pentagons. 1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 291 The shape and size of this pentagon may be determined by the ten mutual distances of its five points. 1870 Illustr. London News 29 Oct. 446/2 The fort is built in a pentagon. 1926 J. Gray Long Road 13 Fresh oatcake cut in pentagons. 1979 D. Attenborough Life on Earth (1981) ii. 49 The plates on the calyx are pentagons, five arms extend from it, and all the internal organs are in groups of five. 1992 Eng. Today Jan. 34/2 Buckyballs are hollow spheres of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a series of hexagons and pentagons resembling the geodesic domes built by Buckminster Fuller. 2. Fortification. A fort having a pentagonal shape, a fort with five bastions. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] > fort according to shape pentagonon1625 star-sconce1632 octagon1648 pentagon1648 hexagon1669 star fort1669 tetragon1669 star1672 star redoubt1687 trigon1688 1648 B. Gerbier Interpreter Acad. Forrain Langs. ii. 9 All figures take their name, either from the number of angles or from the sid's, from thence comes the Greek [name of]..Pentagone, which is to say a Fortification of ..5..angles, sid's or Bastions. 1704 Descr. All Seats of Present Wars of Europe i. 28 It is a Pentagon composed of 5 Royal Bastions. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 256 This fortification is a regular pentagon, or a fort with five royal bastions. 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 214/2 The castle of Belgica; an old pentagon with round towers at the angles. 1862 in Official Rec. Union & Confederate Navies War of Rebellion (U.S. Naval War Rec. Office) (1904) 1st Ser. XVIII. 15 Fort Jackson is a bastioned pentagon. 1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 443/1 During the French republican war, P. was a simple pentagon. 1959 T. Shebunina tr. A. Tolstoy Peter the First i. vi. 263 From the mound they had a clear view of..the broken lines of the trenches and the pentagons of redoubts that stretched along the low hills in front of the fortress. 3. With the and capital initial. The headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense, near Washington, D.C.; (hence) the Department itself. Frequently attributive.The Pentagon was built in 1941–3. Its name derives from its design, the buildings forming five close-set concentric pentagons or ‘rings’ around a central court. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > War Office War Office1721 War Department1797 W.D.1855 W.O.1860 Seraskierate1876 pall-mall1880 war room1914 War House1925 Stavka1928 pentagon1942 War Box1952 1942 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 17 Sept. 4/4 The largest single switchboard in the world..has been hooked up in the new army Pentagon building. 1943 Frederick (Maryland) Post 7 Apr. 8/2 (caption) Brigadier General LaVerne G. Saunders..pins Distinguished Flying Cross on Mrs N. W. Money,..mother of Willard L. Money, private AAF, at the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 1952 Newsweek 19 May 21 Top Pentagon brass are taking the aviation-gasoline restriction seriously. 1964 M. McLuhan Understanding Media v. 51 Life at the Pentagon has been greatly complicated by jet travel. 1981 Daily Tel. 15 Dec. 13/2 The Rand Corporation, a ‘think tank’ which undertakes various studies for the Pentagon, completed an analysis of all the Communist-bloc armies. 2002 Time 14 Oct. 33/3 Pentagon war plans assume that precision air attacks with smart bombs can find and safely destroy hidden caches of bio-chem agents. Derivatives † pentagonary adj. [after French pentagonaire (1658 in the passage translated in quot. 1658)] Obsolete = pentagonal adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > with particular section or base > pentagonal pentagonal1570 pentagonary1658 pentagonous1661 1658 R. White tr. K. Digby Late Disc. Cure Wounds 72 The pentagonary figure [Fr. la figure pentagonaire] of every one of those stones. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1570
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