pejorationn.

Brit.

/ˌpɛdʒəˈreɪʃn/,

/ˌpiːdʒəˈreɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpɛdʒəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌpidʒəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin peioration-, peioratio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin peioration-, peioratio deterioration (9th cent.) < peiorat- , past participial stem of peiorare pejorate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare French péjoration worsening, deterioration (15th cent. in Middle French in an isolated attestation; subsequently from the first half of the 19th cent.). Compare pejorate v. With sense 2 compare pejorative adj. N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (pīdʒŏrēⁱ·ʃən) /piːdʒəˈreɪʃən/.

1. Chiefly formal. Worsening, deterioration; (sometimes) spec. depreciation, disapproval, criticism; an instance of this; a depreciatory or critical expression.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun] > making or becoming

impairingc1380

failinga1382

aggrievance1502

decaying1530

fading1578

worsinga1583

rusting1597

degeneration1607

degenerating1611

improvementa1617

going back1631

aggravidizationa1641

disimprovement1649

decidence1655

deterioration1658

pejoration1658

exaggeration1661

marasmus1681

sinking1701

unimprovement1760

worsening1811

worsering1883

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Pejoration, a making worse.

1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα i. xiv. 131 Which pejorations, as to the piety, peace and honour of this Nation, no man..can behold, without sad and serious deploring.

a1734 R. North Lives of Norths (1890) III. 59 Everyone chose rather to pay for amelioration than receive for pejoration.

1831 Ld. Brougham in Wilson & Shaw Lords Repts. V. 295 What ameliorations and what pejorations are to be taken into the account?

1946 A. Gray Socialist Trad. xii. 322 Like a thorough-going pessimist, Marx looked forward to an uninterrupted process of continual pejoration.

1988 Times 22 Jan. 3/3 The City is a term of pejoration. It does little to kindle the heart of the person who hears it.

1993 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 7 Jan. a15 I found your recent piece..particularly puzzling in its dismissal of Zoe Baird..with the curious pejoration that ‘for attorney general, he had to turn to a corporate counsel’.

2. Linguistics. The development of a less favourable meaning or of less pleasant connotations for a word or expression.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > types of semantic change > [noun]

usurpation1644

amelioration1871

pejoration1889

adequation1931

permutation1931

melioration1939

loan-shift1950

signal reaction1976

1889 Cent. Dict. Pejoration, a lowering or deterioration of sense in a word.

1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. ix. 259 Their [sc. words'] degeneration (technically termed pejoration..) is often due to a selection and specialisation of some ethically lower connotation which may be implied in them.

1966 Word Study Dec. 7/1 Perhaps Walt Disney would be interested in the pejoration and ‘spread’ of the name for his major cartoon character to a word now so loosely defined that it might some day take three dictionary columns to list.

1999 Lang. in Society 28 58 The language-internal phenomenon of pejoration, which has accompanied the emergence of many creole languages, has also figured in the history of Jamaican Creole ‘Patois’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pejoration
释义	pejorationn. Brit. /ˌpɛdʒəˈreɪʃn/, /ˌpiːdʒəˈreɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpɛdʒəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌpidʒəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin peioration-, peioratio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin peioration-, peioratio deterioration (9th cent.) < peiorat- , past participial stem of peiorare pejorate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare French péjoration worsening, deterioration (15th cent. in Middle French in an isolated attestation; subsequently from the first half of the 19th cent.). Compare pejorate v. With sense 2 compare pejorative adj. N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (pīdʒŏrēⁱ·ʃən) /piːdʒəˈreɪʃən/. 1. Chiefly formal. Worsening, deterioration; (sometimes) spec. depreciation, disapproval, criticism; an instance of this; a depreciatory or critical expression. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun] > making or becoming impairingc1380 failinga1382 aggrievance1502 decaying1530 fading1578 worsinga1583 rusting1597 degeneration1607 degenerating1611 improvementa1617 going back1631 aggravidizationa1641 disimprovement1649 decidence1655 deterioration1658 pejoration1658 exaggeration1661 marasmus1681 sinking1701 unimprovement1760 worsening1811 worsering1883 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Pejoration, a making worse. 1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα i. xiv. 131 Which pejorations, as to the piety, peace and honour of this Nation, no man..can behold, without sad and serious deploring. a1734 R. North Lives of Norths (1890) III. 59 Everyone chose rather to pay for amelioration than receive for pejoration. 1831 Ld. Brougham in Wilson & Shaw Lords Repts. V. 295 What ameliorations and what pejorations are to be taken into the account? 1946 A. Gray Socialist Trad. xii. 322 Like a thorough-going pessimist, Marx looked forward to an uninterrupted process of continual pejoration. 1988 Times 22 Jan. 3/3 The City is a term of pejoration. It does little to kindle the heart of the person who hears it. 1993 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 7 Jan. a15 I found your recent piece..particularly puzzling in its dismissal of Zoe Baird..with the curious pejoration that ‘for attorney general, he had to turn to a corporate counsel’. 2. Linguistics. The development of a less favourable meaning or of less pleasant connotations for a word or expression. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > types of semantic change > [noun] usurpation1644 amelioration1871 pejoration1889 adequation1931 permutation1931 melioration1939 loan-shift1950 signal reaction1976 1889 Cent. Dict. Pejoration, a lowering or deterioration of sense in a word. 1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. ix. 259 Their [sc. words'] degeneration (technically termed pejoration..) is often due to a selection and specialisation of some ethically lower connotation which may be implied in them. 1966 Word Study Dec. 7/1 Perhaps Walt Disney would be interested in the pejoration and ‘spread’ of the name for his major cartoon character to a word now so loosely defined that it might some day take three dictionary columns to list. 1999 Lang. in Society 28 58 The language-internal phenomenon of pejoration, which has accompanied the emergence of many creole languages, has also figured in the history of Jamaican Creole ‘Patois’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1658
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