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单词 peise
释义

peisen.adj.

Brit. /peɪs/, U.S. /peɪs/, Scottish English /pes/
Forms:

α. Middle English peays, Middle English pecys (transmission error), Middle English pees, Middle English peice, Middle English peis, Middle English peiys, Middle English pes, Middle English pey, Middle English peyes, Middle English peys, Middle English–1500s pese, Middle English–1500s peyce, Middle English–1500s peyse, Middle English–1500s peysse, Middle English–1600s 1900s– peise, 1500s pece, 1500s pees (plural), 1500s–1600s pease, 1500s–1600s peaze, 1500s–1600s peize, 1500s–1600s peyze; English regional (Cornwall) 1800s– peisen (plural), 1800s– peizen (plural), 1800s– peysen (plural), 1800s– pizen (plural); also Scottish pre-1700 peas, pre-1700 pece, pre-1700 peich, pre-1700 peis, pre-1700 pesse, pre-1700 peys, pre-1700 1700s pease.

β. Middle English pais, Middle English pase, Middle English passe, Middle English payce, Middle English payes, Middle English pays, Middle English paysse, Middle English–1500s payse, Middle English–1600s paise, 1500s paice, 1500s paisse, 1600s paize; English regional 1700s pase (northern), 1800s– paise (south-western), 1800s– paysen (plural); Scottish pre-1700 paese, pre-1700 paice, pre-1700 pais, pre-1700 paise, pre-1700 paiss, pre-1700 paize, pre-1700 pas, pre-1700 pase, pre-1700 pass, pre-1700 pays, pre-1700 payse, pre-1700 1700s– pace; N.E.D. (1904) also records a form Middle English pass.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pais.
Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman pais, pas, peies, peis, peiz weight, heaviness, importance, measure of weight, piece of metal used as a standard measure of weight, load, balance (late 12th cent. or earlier; compare Old French peis (c1165) and Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French pois (French poids : see poise n.1)) < classical Latin pēnsum weight (see pensum n.), and partly < Anglo-Norman peise , peisse measure of weight, balance (first half of the 12th cent. as peise ; compare Old French (Blois) paise (13th cent.) and Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French poise ) < post-classical Latin pensa measure of weight (4th cent.; also as pesa (10th cent.; from 1130 in British sources), peisa (frequently 1213–1573 in British sources)), weight, heaviness (6th cent.), use as noun of feminine of past participle of classical Latin pendere to weigh (see pense v.1). Compare (masculine) Old Occitan, Occitan pes (a1150), Catalan pes (1284 or earlier), Spanish peso (10th cent.), Portuguese peso (1269), Italian peso (mid 13th cent. or earlier), and (feminine) Old Occitan pesa (Occitan pesa now only in the specific sense ‘load of hemp’), Catalan pesa standard measure of gold or silver (10th cent.), Spanish pesa (early 12th cent. or earlier; now chiefly in sense A. 3), Italian †pesa (1265 or earlier).The late Middle English form pey (compare quot. c1475 at sense A. 3b) represents an inferred singular. N.E.D. (1904) also gives the pronunciation (pīz) /piːz/.
Now Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern and south-western).
A. n.
†1.
a. The quality of being heavy; heaviness, weight. Also: the weightiness of a thing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [noun] > property of being heavy
peisea1382
heavinessa1400
ponderosity?a1425
pesanteur1480
ponderousnessc1484
poise1489
pondera1500
weightiness1539
heft1558
gravity1648
ponderity1656
pondure1661
luggage1667
ponderancy1667
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xliii. 21 We founden money in þe mouþ of sackez, þat now in þe same peyse [a1425 L.V. weiȝte; L. eodem pondere] we han brouȝt aȝeyn.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 17v In here substaunces & vertu, þey [sc. angels] beþ noȝt I-greued wiþ wiȝt noþir pecys [v.r. peys] of body [L. corpulentie mole].
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 8677 Þo stones..ere so heuy & of suilk pais [a1450 Lamb. peys], þat non has force ne fosoun to remoue þam.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 223 (MED) In feyth it is An hevy ston, Ryth sad of weyth & hevy of peys.
a1500 in Trans. Royal Soc. Lit. (1905) 27 131 (MED) By the lyftyng vp of thy moste holy body on the crosse and by thy [perh. read the] vyolent peyse of ytt..haue mercy on vs.
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xxvii. sig. U.viii Lifte vp & let hang wt ye paice of al his body, bearing doune vpon the..wounded places.
1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue xxvii When Charons boate hath felt her peaze [rhyme ease].
?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads xii. 116 A stone of such a paise, That one of this times strongest men, with both hands, could not raise.
1624 R. Montagu Immediate Addresse 33 Where each part sustaineth the peise alone.
b. figurative. Gravity, importance; burden (of blame, responsibility, etc.); steadying influence. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > gravity or seriousness
peisec1425
poise1457
griefa1513
gravity1533
ponderosity1589
ponderance1600
pitha1616
seriousness1797
ponderation1873
gravitas1924
society > morality > duty or obligation > responsibility > [noun] > burden of responsibility
peisec1425
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 3943 Ȝe Grekis..are fonned..With emprises whiche..Bene of weiȝt to ȝou inportable, And þe peis of so gret heuynes, Þat finally it wil ȝou alle oppres.
1445 tr. Claudian's De Consulatu Stilichonis in Anglia (1905) 28 281 (MED) Is his worship of so litel peys [L. leuis]?
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Rawl.) (1974) 138 (MED) Lucan..seith that the grete weight and peice of the said cite hath causid his own fall, for hevy dedis mak grevouse falles.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Wolf & Lamb l. 2667 in Poems (1981) 99 Off his awin deidis ilk man sall beir the pais.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 621 .xv. thousand men, in whom consisted the waight and peyse of the whole enterprise.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xvii. 110 Full heauie is the paise of Princes ire.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge Prol. sig. A2v That with vnused paize of stile and sense, We might waigh massy in iudicious scale.
†2.
a. Definite or specified weight; the amount that a thing weighs. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > amount determined by weighing
weightc1000
peisea1382
poise1421
pesantc1500
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings x. 14 Þe peys of gold þat was offrid to Salamon bi eche ȝeer was of sixe hundrid & sixe & sixti talentis of gold.
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 38 Candils..brennyng abouten his corps, of xij lib. peys.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1689 (MED) Aduoutrie and periurie and wylful slaghtre..lik ben, & o peys þei weye.
c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 106 (MED) Newe nowblys..were of lasse wyght thenne was the old nobylle by the paysse of an halpeny wyght.
1540 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 48 That the leif baksteris obserwe and keip the peis and weych[t] giffin to tham.
1555 J. Proctor Hist. Wyates Rebell. 45 And thereby outweye the iuste peize of bounden duetye.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 59 He tooke the peise of some of them by hand.
b. A definite measure of weight. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > other disused units
markOE
peisea1382
straw1540
scruple1656
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xvi. 1 Two asses..weren charged wiþ two hundrid looues & an hundrid..peises [a1425 L.V. gobetis; L. massis] of fijges pressed & with two botelis of wyn.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxv. 18 Þanne Abigail heeȝede & tooc two hundrid louys..& an hundrid bundelis of dried grape & two hundrid peis [a1425 L.V. gobetis; L. massas] of dried figes.
1419 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 37 Custus vitri: Et in iij sem' et in iij pais' albi vitri.
a1500 Walter of Henley's Husbandry (Sloane) (1890) 53 ij kyne shall answere a peyse off chese betwixt ester & myghelmas.
1552 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. p. xxvii For euery peyse [of tallow] sold contrary to this [order].
c. of peise: (of a coin) having full statutory weight, of greater weight than other coins of a similar kind. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > in coin [phrase] > heavy
of peisea1400
a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 1263 (MED) Þer was plente in þe place of precious stonys, Grete gaddes of gold..Platis, pecis of peys.
1451 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 40/1 Þe Inglis new noble callit of paise sal haif cours þan for xiijs. iiijd.
1456 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 46/1 Þe henry Ingliss noble of paiss.
3. concrete.
a. A weight; a piece of some heavy substance used on account of its weight; spec. a standard weight by which to weigh goods. Also figurative. Now rare (Scottish and English regional (south-western) in later use).† peise of lead n. Obsolete a lead seal on a papal bull.Later Scottish use relates chiefly to weights used in weaving; Sc. National Dict. at Paise n. records the compound form pace-rope as still in use in this sense in Ayrshire in 1951.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > equipment for weighing > [noun] > a weight
weighc1000
weight1340
peisea1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xx. 10 Peis and peis [?a1425 L.V. Gloss. a weiȝte grettere in biynge, and a weiȝte lesse in silling], mesure and mesure; either is abhominable anent God.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 5949 (MED) Yn coueytyse synnen marchauntys mekyl..For fals peys [Fr. faus peis] and fals mesure here soules haue mysauenture.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. 246 I hadde neuere..ȝut of þe popis ȝifte, Saue a pardoun with a peys [v.r. payes] of led.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 390 Peys of a welle, Telo.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 60 (MED) Best is, I stryue nat Agayne þe pays [v.r. peys] of fortunes balaunce.
1479 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 113 Makyng of the peysys of ledde upon the belowys.
1844 P. Chalmers Dunfermline 364 Long and rather heavy cylindrical pieces of lead or metal, named paces.
1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 41/2 Paysen, peizen, weights.
1899 J. Grosart Chronicles 164 Willie Wastle's weaver pace stones.
†b. A weight used to move the mechanism of a clock. Also figurative. Obsolete (chiefly Scottish in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of
nut1428
peise1428
plumbc1450
Jack1498
clockwork1516
larum1542
Jack of the clockhouse1563
watch-wheel1568
work1570
plummeta1578
Jack of the clock1581
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
pointer1596
quarter jack1604
mainspring1605
winder1606
notch-wheel1611
fusee1622
count-wheel1647
jack-wheel1647
frame1658
arbor1659
balance1660
fuse1674
hour-figure1675
stop1675
pallet1676
regulator1676
cock1678
movement1678
detent1688
savage1690
clock1696
pinwheel1696
starred wheel1696
swing-wheel1696
warning-wheel1696
watch1696
watch-part1696
hoop-wheel1704
hour-wheel1704
snail1714
step-wheel1714
tide-work1739
train1751
crutch1753
cannon pinion1764
rising board1769
remontoire1774
escapement1779
clock jack1784
locking plate1786
scapement1789
motion work1795
anchor escapement1798
scape1798
star-wheel1798
recoil escapement1800
recoiling pallet1801
recoiling scapement1801
cannon1802
hammer-tail1805
recoiling escapement1805
bottle jack1810
renovating spring1812
quarter-boy1815
pin tooth1817
solar wheel1819
impulse-teeth1825
pendulum wheel1825
pallet arbor1826
rewinder1826
rack hook1829
snail-wheel1831
quarter bell1832
tow1834
star pulley1836
watch train1838
clock train1843
raising-piece1843
wheelwork1843
gravity escapement1850
jumper1850
vertical escapement1850
time train1853
pin pallet1860
spade1862
dead well1867
stop-work1869
ringer1873
strike-or-silent1875
warning-piece1875
guard-pin1879
pendulum cock1881
warning-lever1881
beat-pin1883
fusee-piece1884
fusee-snail1884
shutter1884
tourbillion1884
tumbler1884
virgule1884
foliot1899
grasshopper1899
grasshopper escapement1899
trunk1899
pin lever1908
clock spring1933
1428 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 289 (MED) To the said clokmaker..for ij cordes of threde for the littil pais, ij s.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 218) 401 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 344 Like an orloge whan the peys [v.r. pey] is goo.
1597 in S. Ree Rec. Elgin (1908) II. 56 To agree..with ane man to cast the paisis of the knox.
1600 R. Cawdrey Treasurie Similies 60 A Clocke can neuer stand still from running, so long as the peases and plummets doo hang thereat.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) i. cxxxi. 255 The wheels, paces and motions of this poor Church.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 208 The peize and weight which this carnall world hangs upon a Religion of form.
1670–90 in A. Edgar Old Church Life Scotl. (1885) 35 [Getting cords for the] paizes.
1726 in J. J. Vernon Parish & Kirk Hawick (1900) 210 Paid for tows to pease stones..£0. 8. 0.
1781 Caledonian Mercury 1 Dec. in Sc. National Dict. (1968) at Paise v. Coal-backets and Fire-pans, Clock and Window Paces.
4. Balance, poise, equilibrium; the action of balancing or holding something poised. Now rare (English regional in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equilibrium
evennessa1398
peisea1400
equal (also even) poise1555
counterpoise1594
libration1603
equal, even scale1604
equilibre1621
poise1621
poisurea1625
balance1642
equilibrity1644
equilibrium1660
equipoise1661
equipoisure1683
equiponderancy1710
equiponderance1775
repose1805
equibalance1841
stasis1920
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 5668 (MED) Þe fende had leyd yn balaunce..lofe aȝens hys dedys..þe lofe made even peys.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3260 Man..Suld noȝt be foun in him fast ne ferme ne stable, Bot..hingand in payse [a1500 Trin. Dub. on payse].
1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 263 Their forces may..bee saide to be ballanced with a iust and equall peyze.
1609 Euerie Woman in her Humor sig. C4 Let your faire hand be beame vnto the ballance, And with a stedded peyze, lift vp that beame.
1867 W. F. Rock Jim an' Nell (E.D.D.) xxx. 10 I've lost ma paise.
1990 D. Davie Coll. Poems (new ed.) 404 The beam kicks: lift-off Man, no counterweight in the pan, no peise, no pondering, no poise, no avoirdupois.
†5. A heavy blow or fall; forcible impact; momentum, impetus. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > [noun] > forcible, heavy, or violent
piltinga1250
racec1330
squatc1350
dasha1375
percussion?a1425
peise1490
poise1490
dashing1580
gulp1598
jolt1599
feeze1603
slam1622
arietation1625
pash1677
pulse1677
jounce1784
smash1808
smashing1821
dush1827
birr1830
dunch1831
whop1895
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) lii. 201 Alle at one peyse cam and spored their horses nyghe vnto the ooste of Subyon.
1493 Festivall (1515) (de Worde) f. 35 With a grete peyse they let the crosse and the body fall downe togyder in to the mortesse.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Ddv He [sc. Ptolemy] with a peaze it [sc. the glass tower] brake.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge v. i. sig. I2 That she may fal with a more waightie paise.
†B. adj. (attributive).
= of peise at sense A. 2c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [adjective] > heavy or light
peisec1450
weighty1617
lightweight1898
c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 613/26 Sterlingus, a striylyng or a peyspeny.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 35 (MED) I yeve and be qwethe to Seynt Edmond and his schryne my hevy peys noble, wich weyeth xx s.
1469 in F. W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 215 I bequethe 20 s. of peise grotes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

peisev.

Brit. /peɪz/, U.S. /peɪz/, Scottish English /pez/
Forms: Middle English payce, Middle English peisse, Middle English peysse, Middle English pyse, Middle English 1600s pese, Middle English–1600s paise, Middle English–1600s payse, Middle English–1600s peyse, Middle English–1600s (1900s– archaic) peise, 1500s payze, 1500s peace, 1500s peze, 1500s–1600s paize, 1500s–1600s pease, 1500s–1600s peaze, 1500s–1600s peize, 1500s–1600s peyze, 1600s peayse, 1600s peiz, 1600s pieze; English regional (chiefly northern and south-western) 1800s– pace, 1800s– paice, 1800s– paise, 1800s– paize, 1800s– pase, 1800s– payse, 1800s– paze, 1800s– peize, 1800s– pese, 1800s– pise, 1800s– piss, 1800s– pize, 1900s– peaze; Scottish pre-1700 paissit (past participle), pre-1700 paize, pre-1700 pase, pre-1700 pays, pre-1700 1800s pais, pre-1700 1800s– paise, 1800s pace, 1900s– peise. N.E.D. (1905) also records a form Middle English pase.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French peiser.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman paiser, peiser, peisser, Anglo-Norman and Middle French peser (c1050 in Old French; French peser ) to burden, oppress, grieve (a person) (c1050), to weigh (an object) (late 12th cent.), to consider, ponder, examine attentively (a person or thing) (end of the 12th cent.), to have a specified weight (c1170), to be heavy (c1200) < classical Latin pēnsāre to weigh (see pense v.1). Compare Old Occitan pesar , pezar , Catalan pesar (14th cent.), Spanish pesar (beginning of the 13th cent.), Portuguese pesar (13th cent.), Italian pesare (mid 13th cent. or earlier). Compare poise v.Anglo-Norman forms in -ai- , -ei- originated in the levelling throughout the conjugation of Old French peis- , stressed stem of peser (see discussion at poise v.). Sense 4 is not attested in French, which has only contrepeser (see counterpoise v.) in this sense. N.E.D. (1904) also gives the pronunciation (pīz) /piːz/.
Now chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern and south-western).
1.
†a. transitive. To weigh, measure the weight of; to weigh out. Also intransitive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain the weight of [verb (transitive)]
weighc1000
aweighOE
peisea1382
poise1458
ponder?1518
pound1570
tron1609
perpenda1612
librate1623
scale1691
weight1734
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. xxvii. 25 Al eymynge shal be peisid [L. ponderabitur] wiþ þe cycle of þe seyntuarye.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. xlvi. 6 Ȝee..bringen gold fro þe bagge, & seluer with a balaunce peisen.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. v. 131 Þe pound þat heo weid [v.rr. paied; peysede] by.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 390 Peysyn, or weyyn, Pondero, libro, trutino.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 137 (MED) She heeld..a balaunce wherinne she peisede [Fr. pesoit] the zodiac and the sunne in gret entente to putte hem to sale.
a1500 (?a1410) J. Lydgate Churl & Bird (Lansd.) 312 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 481 (MED) Al my body, peised [v.r. peyssed] in balaunce, Weieth nat an vnce.
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. xv. sig. S iij It mought be paised or waighed in Ballance.
1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xiv. 74 The ballance peaseth all kinde of waighty things alike.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 28 To weigh and peise the mountaines.
1662 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1881) II. 486 Quhen the tanners paises ane of theis hydis.
b. transitive. To estimate or assess the weight of by lifting or holding in the hand; to heft. In quot. a1393 with clause as object: to guess or discover by this means. Also intransitive. Now rare (Scottish and English regional (northern and south-western) in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain the weight of [verb (transitive)] > again > estimate weight by holding in hands
peisea1393
weigh1540
heft1816
weight1898
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 1169 (MED) This Maister to the Cofre is come; He peiseth ther was somwhat in.
1539 R. Taverner Second Bk. Garden of Wysdome sig. B.i The seruaunt peysing now this, now that boxe..at laste chase that whiche conteyned the lead.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 34 Pearles, the bignesse and weight whereof he was wont to peise and trie by his hand.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 94 Amaist, like Bonar, he a skep Cou'd paise and sleely han'le.
1880 F. M. Peard Mother Molly xi. 138 She had just ‘pesed’ it in her hand, and the weight was nothing.
a1900 ‘Mulciber Veritatis’ Gall. Herds 7 ‘Paise’ is to mak' the han' be helpmeet to the judgement.
†c. transitive. figurative. To weigh (something immaterial), take the measure of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)]
talec897
ween971
takec1175
weigha1200
deem?c1225
judge?c1225
guessc1330
reta1382
accounta1387
aretc1386
assize1393
consider1398
ponder?a1400
adjudgec1440
reckonc1440
peisec1460
ponderate?a1475
poisea1483
trutinate1528
steem1535
rate?1555
sense1564
compute1604
censure1605
cast1606
cense1606
estimate1651
audit1655
state1671
balance1692
esteem1711
appraise1823
figure1854
tally1860
revalue1894
lowball1973
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > weigh out
peisec1460
c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 144 (MED) Graunt vs, Iesu..Geyn our trespas gracious indulgence, Nat lik our meritis peised the qualite.
a1557 N. Grimalde Prayse of Measurekepyng (song) 18 Stands largesse iust, in egall balance payzd.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Henry VI. x Our wit and willing power are paysed by his will.
c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 47 All his wordis and deidis appeired as they had bene pased in iust ballance.
1634 H. Peacham Gentlemans Exercise (new ed.) ii. vii. 125 An indifferent arbiter betweene the day and night, piezing to each his equall houres.
†2. transitive. To weigh in the mind; to deliberate upon, consider, ponder. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > balance
peisea1382
counterpoise1393
counterweighc1430
ballast1611
evena1618
equilibrate1625
balance1634
poise1639
to hold scale with1650
weigh1697
equipoisea1764
trim1817
to even up1863
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]
i-thenchec897
showeOE
i-mune971
thinkOE
overthinkOE
takec1175
umbethinkc1175
waltc1200
bethinkc1220
wend?c1225
weighc1380
delivera1382
peisea1382
considerc1385
musec1390
to look over ——a1393
advise?c1400
debatec1400
roll?c1400
revert?a1425
advertc1425
deliberc1425
movec1425
musec1425
revolvec1425
contemplec1429
overseec1440
to think overc1440
perpend1447
roil1447
pondera1450
to eat inc1450
involvec1470
ponderate?a1475
reputec1475
counterpoise1477
poisea1483
traversec1487
umbecast1487
digest1488
undercast1489
overhalec1500
rumble1519
volve?1520
compassa1522
recount1526
trutinate1528
cast1530
expend1531
ruminate1533
concoct1534
contemplate1538
deliberate1540
revolute1553
chawa1558
to turn over1568
cud1569
cogitate1570
huik1570
chew1579
meditatec1580
discourse1581
speculate1599
theorize1599
scance1603
verse1614
pensitate1623
agitate1629
spell1633
view1637
study1659
designa1676
introspect1683
troll1685
balance1692
to figure on or upon1837
reflect1862
mull1873
to mull over1874
scour1882
mill1905
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) : Prov. (Bodl. 959) xxi. 2 Þe lord, forsoþe, peiseþ [L. appendit] þe hertis.
?c1412 T. Hoccleve in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 76 Preye On my behalue þt he peise and weye What myn entente is þt I speke in thee.
c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 19 The good knyghte scholde be slowe in the iugement of othir, that is to sey, to peise well the sentence or that he yeue it.
a1456 (a1426) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 681 (MED) Peysing also..Þe lawe þat wymmen allegge for þeyre partye..þe Kyng wol..Þat wyves fraunchyse stonde hoole.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Rawl.) (1974) 234 (MED) Hadde thei peysid wele this wourde, the wolde rathir haue kepte it thanne haue spokyn it.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 18 (MED) Þus it apperiþ hov seldom we peyse [L. pensamus] oure neighboure as ourself.
1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1938) I. viii. iii. 308 And will we degestlye pais this mater [etc.].
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxlv Peisyng..the inconueniences, and harme that might fal.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 71 Lett's peize and ponder Th' Almighties Works.
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island viii. xvi. 110 Those vaunts in balance peysing, Which farre their deeds outweigh'd.
a1634 A. Gardyne Theatre Scotish Worthies (1878) 76 Whill this lyfe thow leiv'd So prudentlie thow ponder'd it & paiz'd.
3.
a. intransitive. To have weight, be of a specified weight, weigh (so much). Now rare (English regional (south-western) in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain weight [verb (intransitive)] > weigh (a specific amount)
weighc1000
peisea1382
weighc1386
poise1389
ponder?a1425
to turn the scale1600
ponderize1634
heft1851
avoirdupois1854
scale1862
to tip the scales1884
to weigh in1909
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Paralip. iii. 9 Goldene nailes he made so þat ecche nailes peiseden fifti ownces.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 232 (MED) He preiseth The gold, and seith hou that it peiseth Above al other metall most.
a1449 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 768 (MED) Thynges contrary be nat accordyng..A lordis herte, a purs that peiseth liht.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 17507 (MED) He [sc. a whirlpool] devoureth..Al that peyseth or yiveth soun; To the botme yt goth doun.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 34 (MED) Þan shal peise [L. ponderabit] more contempte of riches þan all þe tresour of þe erþe.
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xiii. f. 38/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I As for our Conies, I have seene them so fat in some soiles..that the greace of one being weighed, hath peysed very neare six or 7. ounces.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E4 To vse sinister meanes to make it pease well in waight.
1882 Rep. Provinc. 19 in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 410/2 This will paze more than you think.
†b. intransitive. To press heavily, be a burden. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)] > be oppressed > oppress or put stress on
instand1382
peisea1450
to sit on (upon or in) one's skirts1546
smart1601
pinch1685
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1904) I. l. 2695 (MED) Dragowns there ben..and whanne thei Felen the water Sore peyse [Fr. poise] vppon hem..thanne tornen they hem bothe with gret myht.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 37 When thei [sc. dragons] fele that the werke peyseth hevy vpon them.
†4.
a. transitive. To be of equal weight with (literal and figurative); to counterbalance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > balance against or counterbalance
gaina1375
counterpoise1393
peisea1400
weigh1583
set1589
poise1600
to weigh against, again1600
affront1609
balance1624
cancel1633
counterbalance1636
counterpose1636
compensate1656
equilibriatea1657
outset1656
equiponderate1661
equipoise1664
equibalance1665
offset1673
countersway1710
to set off1749
counterweigh1825
equilibrate1829
to set against ——1832
equilibrize1833
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 5568 (MED) Þey mowe be saued, ȝyf þat þey..ȝyue aȝeyn þat yche þyng Þat þey haue take yn okeryng..And þey mowe peyse [v.r. pese] here dedes ylle.
1577 G. Whetstone Remembraunce Gaskoigne liv You, in Ballance of deceit wil Lawyers payze, I feare with ouer waight.
1608 T. Middleton Familie of Love (new ed.) ii. sig. C4 v Whose want of stoare..could not peiz thvnequall Scale Of Auarice.
b. transitive. To place or keep in equilibrium; to hold suspended or supported; to balance, poise. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or suspend [verb (transitive)]
ahangOE
hangc1000
to hang upa1400
knagc1400
peisea1425
suspendc1440
swing1529
sling1697
uphang1748
gibbet1749
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > make equal or put on a par or level
peisea1425
to level (a person or thing) with (now rare), to, unto1603
equalize1634
level1815
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Prov. viii. 29 He peiside [a1382 E.V. heeng vp; L. appendebat] the foundementis of erthe.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. vii. 84 Eneas Pasis thair wecht als lychtlie as a fas.
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) viii. f. 99 The workman..Did peyse his bodie on his wings, and in the Aire on hie Hung wauering.
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall 12 She peaseth the sword of Iustice, with an vprighte hand.
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island ii. vii. 18 Upon this base a curious work is rais'd,..Though soft, yet lasting, with just balance pais'd.
c. transitive. To bring into or hold in mutual equilibrium, as in the scales of a balance; to balance (two things) against each other, or (one thing) against another; to make equal in weight. Usually figurative. Also (occasionally) intransitive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > balance against or counterbalance > one thing with another
peisec1450
poise1597
c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 6671 (MED) Wommen sholde of verray ryght Peysen mercy and pyte Ageyn Daunger and cruelte.
c1450 tr. Secreta Secret. (Royal) 17 (MED) The wisdome of god peysith euenly, and ordeyneth alle thingis forto serve to his creaturis.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 31 (MED) Iff thou mervaile vpon the oppressions of iustice, peyse ageinst that the grette largesse of His graces that be vnknowen.
1595 Alcilia (1879) 29 Twixt Hope, and Feare in doubtfull ballance pezed.
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 76 The citie of Lubecke..doth in so euen a ballance pease [1603 peayse] the differences of these two nations; as it suffereth not the one to practise against the other.
1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 183 The needle, being a bodie indued with two seuerall properties, the one of Grauitie, and the other of Leuitie, which being equally peized, forceth him to abide in the Horizon.
1639 L. Lawrence tr. San Pedro de Diego Small Treat. betwixt Arnalte & Lucenda 41 Were the passions, which to give y'are pleas'd, In equall balance with my service peas'd.
5.
†a. transitive. To drive down by force, or by impact of a weight. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > by impact or force
driveOE
peisec1440
thrust1598
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > weight [verb (transitive)] > press downwards by its weight
peisec1440
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 3042 Paysede and pelid down playsterede walles.
b. transitive. English regional (northern and south-western). To force or prise (open, up, loose, etc.) by weight or pressure. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise by mechanical instrument > with a lever or pole
prise1574
underspar1577
coleweigh1652
peise1783
pry1806
pike1850
1783 J. Losh MS Coll. N. Country Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 410/2 [Peise].
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Pase,..to raise, to lift up, to open with violence.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby ‘Paze it loose, the lock is blunder'd’.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Payze Take the iron bar and payze up the end o' un, eens can put the chain in under-n.
1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 93/2 Pāse, pāze, paise, to apply leverage, to lever up or raise by force, to prise open... ‘Pāăze it oppen wi' yon screwe-driver.’ ‘Get them styans pāz'd oop i' t'yatsteead.’
6.
a. transitive. To add a weight to; to load, burden; (figurative) to weigh down, to oppress. Also (in quot. 1573-4): to provide with weights. Now rare (literary in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict
heavyc897
narroweOE
overlayOE
overseamOE
twingea1300
to weigh downa1340
grieve1340
besit1377
oppressc1384
foila1400
thringa1400
empressc1400
enpressc1400
aska1425
press?a1425
peisea1450
straita1464
constraina1500
overhale1531
to grate on or upon1532
wrack1562
surcharge1592
to lie heavy uponc1595
to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595
to sit on ——1607
to sit upon ——1607
gall1614
bear1645
weight1647
obsess1648
aggrieve1670
swinge1681
lean1736
gravitate1754
weigh1794
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > weight [verb (transitive)] > make heavy > add weight to
peisea1450
ballast1566
loaden1568
load1578
poise1586
ingravidate1642
imponderate1667
clog1692
weight1747
a1450 York Plays (1885) 429 (MED) Thei peysed hym to pynne hym.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 114 Þe dukes standard was trode vndirfote, whech vilony þe duke peisid ful heuyly, and hom he went with his hoost, purposing in þis mater to be venged.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 199 He became mournynge and Sorefull and hugely hym peyset that he had god so mych y-grewid.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clxx. [clxvi.] 497 He were worthy to peyse the gybet.
1573–4 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 122 For ij li. of Iron to payse the clocke iiijd.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 58 Least leaden slumber peise me downe. View more context for this quotation
1627 H. Burton Baiting Popes Bull To Rdr. 4 The wise Pilot, that can make vse of baser earth for balasse, to peize the vessell.
1915 R. C. Thompson Pilgrim's Scrip 220 Perhaps the pay drew me, perhaps overmuch bricks and mortar peised me down.
†b. intransitive. To sink or hang down by virtue of having weight. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > sink > under weight or pressure > tend downwards under its own weight
peisea1500
poise1615
gravitate1644
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 45 (MED) He was naylet hond and fote to þe crosse, and soo heuen vp, þat þe body paysude downe to hys fete.
a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 107 (MED) Whos chekebone shewen abscised fro the eyen and ben full and peisyng and greued and round, that shewith envie.
1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. E The cold began to couet heat, And water fire; the light to mount on hie, And th' heauie downe to peize.

Derivatives

† peised adj. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adjective] > heavy
heavyc1000
unlightc1330
sada1375
chargeousa1382
lumpinga1400
ponderousa1400
weighingc1400
poisant1477
peisant1483
wieldlya1500
weighty1500
peiseda1522
burdenous1529
weightful1530
grave1570
leaden1578
plumbeousa1586
wieldy1592
peisy1599
well-weighing?1615
lead-like1816
hefty1867
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [adjective] > estimated, appraised
peiseda1522
trutinate1528
valued1537
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. v. 11 Furth of plaitis gret Wyth paissit flesche plenist the altaris large [L. cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras].
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. v. sig. C2v Whose well pais'd action euer rests vpon Not giddie humours, but discretion.
† peising n. and adj. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun]
peisinga1382
weighing1430
weighta1483
balancing1599
perlibration1623
trutination1633
ponderation1646
libration1657
scaling1841
weighment1878
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [adjective] > of or relating to equilibrium > bringing into or maintaining equilibrium
peisinga1628
balancing1645
equiponderating1691
equilibrating1761
self-righting1851
equilibratory1875
static1875
statical1905
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. vi. 15 To a feiþful frend is no comparisoun; þer is not worþi peisyng [a1425 L.V. weiyng; L. ponderatio] of gold & of seluer aȝeen þe goodnesse of þe feiþ of hym.
c1450 (c1400) Julian of Norwich Revelations Divine Love: Shorter Version (1978) 54 (MED) The blyssyd bodye dryede alle ane lange tyme with wryngynge of the nayles and paysynge of the hede and weyght of the bodye.
a1628 F. Greville Mustapha i. Chorus in Certaine Wks. (1633) 95 As equall peising liberality.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.a1382v.a1382
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